Profile of Scope/Upper.pm

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For script/ponapi
Run on Wed Feb 10 15:51:26 2016
Reported on Thu Feb 11 09:43:10 2016

Filename | /usr/lib/perl5/Scope/Upper.pm
Statements | Executed 17 statements in 717µs

Subroutines
Calls | P | F | Exclusive Time | Inclusive Time | Subroutine
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
100001 | 1 | 1 | 303ms | 303ms | Scope::Upper::::HEREScope::Upper::HERE (xsub)
1 | 1 | 1 | 12µs | 12µs | Scope::Upper::::BEGIN@3Scope::Upper::BEGIN@3
1 | 1 | 1 | 11µs | 194µs | Scope::Upper::::BEGIN@201Scope::Upper::BEGIN@201
1 | 1 | 1 | 11µs | 69µs | Scope::Upper::::BEGIN@725Scope::Upper::BEGIN@725
1 | 1 | 1 | 7µs | 10µs | Scope::Upper::::BEGIN@6Scope::Upper::BEGIN@6
1 | 1 | 1 | 6µs | 15µs | Scope::Upper::::BEGIN@5Scope::Upper::BEGIN@5
1 | 1 | 1 | 3µs | 3µs | Scope::Upper::::BEGIN@19Scope::Upper::BEGIN@19

Call graph for these subroutines as a Graphviz dot language file.

Line | State ments | Time on line | Calls | Time in subs | Code
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 |  |  |  |  | package Scope::Upper;
2 |  |  |  |  |
3 | 2 | 39µs | 1 | 12µs | # spent 12µs within Scope::Upper::BEGIN@3 which was called: # once (12µs+0s) by PONAPI::Server::BEGIN@13 at line 3 use 5.006_001; # spent 12µs making 1 call to Scope::Upper::BEGIN@3
4 |  |  |  |  |
5 | 2 | 24µs | 2 | 24µs | # spent 15µs (6+9) within Scope::Upper::BEGIN@5 which was called: # once (6µs+9µs) by PONAPI::Server::BEGIN@13 at line 5 use strict; # spent 15µs making 1 call to Scope::Upper::BEGIN@5 # spent 9µs making 1 call to strict::import
6 | 2 | 31µs | 2 | 13µs | # spent 10µs (7+3) within Scope::Upper::BEGIN@6 which was called: # once (7µs+3µs) by PONAPI::Server::BEGIN@13 at line 6 use warnings; # spent 10µs making 1 call to Scope::Upper::BEGIN@6 # spent 3µs making 1 call to warnings::import
7 |  |  |  |  |
8 |  |  |  |  | =head1 NAME
9 |  |  |  |  |
10 |  |  |  |  | Scope::Upper - Act on upper scopes.
11 |  |  |  |  |
12 |  |  |  |  | =head1 VERSION
13 |  |  |  |  |
14 |  |  |  |  | Version 0.24
15 |  |  |  |  |
16 |  |  |  |  | =cut
17 |  |  |  |  |
18 | 1 | 0s |  |  | our $VERSION;
19 |  |  |  |  | # spent 3µs within Scope::Upper::BEGIN@19 which was called: # once (3µs+0s) by PONAPI::Server::BEGIN@13 at line 21 BEGIN {
20 | 1 | 6µs |  |  | $VERSION = '0.24';
21 | 1 | 86µs | 1 | 3µs | } # spent 3µs making 1 call to Scope::Upper::BEGIN@19
22 |  |  |  |  |
23 |  |  |  |  | =head1 SYNOPSIS
24 |  |  |  |  |
25 |  |  |  |  | L</reap>, L</localize>, L</localize_elem>, L</localize_delete> and L</WORDS> :
26 |  |  |  |  |
27 |  |  |  |  | package Scope;
28 |  |  |  |  |
29 |  |  |  |  | use Scope::Upper qw<
30 |  |  |  |  | reap localize localize_elem localize_delete
31 |  |  |  |  | :words
32 |  |  |  |  | >;
33 |  |  |  |  |
34 |  |  |  |  | sub new {
35 |  |  |  |  | my ($class, $name) = @_;
36 |  |  |  |  |
37 |  |  |  |  | localize '$tag' => bless({ name => $name }, $class) => UP;
38 |  |  |  |  |
39 |  |  |  |  | reap { print Scope->tag->name, ": end\n" } UP;
40 |  |  |  |  | }
41 |  |  |  |  |
42 |  |  |  |  | # Get the tag stored in the caller namespace
43 |  |  |  |  | sub tag {
44 |  |  |  |  | my $l = 0;
45 |  |  |  |  | my $pkg = __PACKAGE__;
46 |  |  |  |  | $pkg = caller $l++ while $pkg eq __PACKAGE__;
47 |  |  |  |  |
48 |  |  |  |  | no strict 'refs';
49 |  |  |  |  | ${$pkg . '::tag'};
50 |  |  |  |  | }
51 |  |  |  |  |
52 |  |  |  |  | sub name { shift->{name} }
53 |  |  |  |  |
54 |  |  |  |  | # Locally capture warnings and reprint them with the name prefixed
55 |  |  |  |  | sub catch {
56 |  |  |  |  | localize_elem '%SIG', '__WARN__' => sub {
57 |  |  |  |  | print Scope->tag->name, ': ', @_;
58 |  |  |  |  | } => UP;
59 |  |  |  |  | }
60 |  |  |  |  |
61 |  |  |  |  | # Locally clear @INC
62 |  |  |  |  | sub private {
63 |  |  |  |  | for (reverse 0 .. $#INC) {
64 |  |  |  |  | # First UP is the for loop, second is the sub boundary
65 |  |  |  |  | localize_delete '@INC', $_ => UP UP;
66 |  |  |  |  | }
67 |  |  |  |  | }
68 |  |  |  |  |
69 |  |  |  |  | ...
70 |  |  |  |  |
71 |  |  |  |  | package UserLand;
72 |  |  |  |  |
73 |  |  |  |  | {
74 |  |  |  |  | Scope->new("top"); # initializes $UserLand::tag
75 |  |  |  |  |
76 |  |  |  |  | {
77 |  |  |  |  | Scope->catch;
78 |  |  |  |  | my $one = 1 + undef; # prints "top: Use of uninitialized value..."
79 |  |  |  |  |
80 |  |  |  |  | {
81 |  |  |  |  | Scope->private;
82 |  |  |  |  | eval { require Cwd };
83 |  |  |  |  | print $@; # prints "Can't locate Cwd.pm in @INC
84 |  |  |  |  | } # (@INC contains:) at..."
85 |  |  |  |  |
86 |  |  |  |  | require Cwd; # loads Cwd.pm
87 |  |  |  |  | }
88 |  |  |  |  |
89 |  |  |  |  | } # prints "top: done"
90 |  |  |  |  |
91 |  |  |  |  | L</unwind> and L</want_at> :
92 |  |  |  |  |
93 |  |  |  |  | package Try;
94 |  |  |  |  |
95 |  |  |  |  | use Scope::Upper qw<unwind want_at :words>;
96 |  |  |  |  |
97 |  |  |  |  | sub try (&) {
98 |  |  |  |  | my @result = shift->();
99 |  |  |  |  | my $cx = SUB UP; # Point to the sub above this one
100 |  |  |  |  | unwind +(want_at($cx) ? @result : scalar @result) => $cx;
101 |  |  |  |  | }
102 |  |  |  |  |
103 |  |  |  |  | ...
104 |  |  |  |  |
105 |  |  |  |  | sub zap {
106 |  |  |  |  | try {
107 |  |  |  |  | my @things = qw<a b c>;
108 |  |  |  |  | return @things; # returns to try() and then outside zap()
109 |  |  |  |  | # not reached
110 |  |  |  |  | };
111 |  |  |  |  | # not reached
112 |  |  |  |  | }
113 |  |  |  |  |
114 |  |  |  |  | my @stuff = zap(); # @stuff contains qw<a b c>
115 |  |  |  |  | my $stuff = zap(); # $stuff contains 3
116 |  |  |  |  |
117 |  |  |  |  | L</uplevel> :
118 |  |  |  |  |
119 |  |  |  |  | package Uplevel;
120 |  |  |  |  |
121 |  |  |  |  | use Scope::Upper qw<uplevel CALLER>;
122 |  |  |  |  |
123 |  |  |  |  | sub target {
124 |  |  |  |  | faker(@_);
125 |  |  |  |  | }
126 |  |  |  |  |
127 |  |  |  |  | sub faker {
128 |  |  |  |  | uplevel {
129 |  |  |  |  | my $sub = (caller 0)[3];
130 |  |  |  |  | print "$_[0] from $sub()";
131 |  |  |  |  | } @_ => CALLER(1);
132 |  |  |  |  | }
133 |  |  |  |  |
134 |  |  |  |  | target('hello'); # "hello from Uplevel::target()"
135 |  |  |  |  |
136 |  |  |  |  | L</uid> and L</validate_uid> :
137 |  |  |  |  |
138 |  |  |  |  | use Scope::Upper qw<uid validate_uid>;
139 |  |  |  |  |
140 |  |  |  |  | my $uid;
141 |  |  |  |  |
142 |  |  |  |  | {
143 |  |  |  |  | $uid = uid();
144 |  |  |  |  | {
145 |  |  |  |  | if ($uid eq uid(UP)) { # yes
146 |  |  |  |  | ...
147 |  |  |  |  | }
148 |  |  |  |  | if (validate_uid($uid)) { # yes
149 |  |  |  |  | ...
150 |  |  |  |  | }
151 |  |  |  |  | }
152 |  |  |  |  | }
153 |  |  |  |  |
154 |  |  |  |  | if (validate_uid($uid)) { # no
155 |  |  |  |  | ...
156 |  |  |  |  | }
157 |  |  |  |  |
158 |  |  |  |  | =head1 DESCRIPTION
159 |  |  |  |  |
160 |  |  |  |  | This module lets you defer actions I<at run-time> that will take place when the control flow returns into an upper scope.
161 |  |  |  |  | Currently, you can:
162 |  |  |  |  |
163 |  |  |  |  | =over 4
164 |  |  |  |  |
165 |  |  |  |  | =item *
166 |  |  |  |  |
167 |  |  |  |  | hook an upper scope end with L</reap> ;
168 |  |  |  |  |
169 |  |  |  |  | =item *
170 |  |  |  |  |
171 |  |  |  |  | localize variables, array/hash values or deletions of elements in higher contexts with respectively L</localize>, L</localize_elem> and L</localize_delete> ;
172 |  |  |  |  |
173 |  |  |  |  | =item *
174 |  |  |  |  |
175 |  |  |  |  | return values immediately to an upper level with L</unwind>, L</yield> and L</leave> ;
176 |  |  |  |  |
177 |  |  |  |  | =item *
178 |  |  |  |  |
179 |  |  |  |  | gather information about an upper context with L</want_at> and L</context_info> ;
180 |  |  |  |  |
181 |  |  |  |  | =item *
182 |  |  |  |  |
183 |  |  |  |  | execute a subroutine in the setting of an upper subroutine stack frame with L</uplevel> ;
184 |  |  |  |  |
185 |  |  |  |  | =item *
186 |  |  |  |  |
187 |  |  |  |  | uniquely identify contexts with L</uid> and L</validate_uid>.
188 |  |  |  |  |
189 |  |  |  |  | =back
190 |  |  |  |  |
191 |  |  |  |  | =head1 FUNCTIONS
192 |  |  |  |  |
193 |  |  |  |  | In all those functions, C<$context> refers to the target scope.
194 |  |  |  |  |
195 |  |  |  |  | You have to use one or a combination of L</WORDS> to build the C<$context> passed to these functions.
196 |  |  |  |  | This is needed in order to ensure that the module still works when your program is ran in the debugger.
197 |  |  |  |  | The only thing you can assume is that it is an I<absolute> indicator of the frame, which means that you can safely store it at some point and use it when needed, and it will still denote the original scope.
198 |  |  |  |  |
199 |  |  |  |  | =cut
200 |  |  |  |  |
201 |  |  |  |  | # spent 194µs (11+182) within Scope::Upper::BEGIN@201 which was called: # once (11µs+182µs) by PONAPI::Server::BEGIN@13 at line 204 BEGIN {
202 | 1 | 400ns |  |  | require XSLoader;
203 | 1 | 194µs | 1 | 182µs | XSLoader::load(__PACKAGE__, $VERSION); # spent 182µs making 1 call to XSLoader::load
204 | 1 | 200µs | 1 | 194µs | } # spent 194µs making 1 call to Scope::Upper::BEGIN@201
205 |  |  |  |  |
206 |  |  |  |  | =head2 C<reap>
207 |  |  |  |  |
208 |  |  |  |  | reap { ... };
209 |  |  |  |  | reap { ... } $context;
210 |  |  |  |  | &reap($callback, $context);
211 |  |  |  |  |
212 |  |  |  |  | Adds a destructor that calls C<$callback> (in void context) when the upper scope represented by C<$context> ends.
213 |  |  |  |  |
214 |  |  |  |  | =head2 C<localize>
215 |  |  |  |  |
216 |  |  |  |  | localize $what, $value;
217 |  |  |  |  | localize $what, $value, $context;
218 |  |  |  |  |
219 |  |  |  |  | Introduces a C<local> delayed to the time of first return into the upper scope denoted by C<$context>.
220 |  |  |  |  | C<$what> can be :
221 |  |  |  |  |
222 |  |  |  |  | =over 4
223 |  |  |  |  |
224 |  |  |  |  | =item *
225 |  |  |  |  |
226 |  |  |  |  | A glob, in which case C<$value> can either be a glob or a reference.
227 |  |  |  |  | L</localize> follows then the same syntax as C<local *x = $value>.
228 |  |  |  |  | For example, if C<$value> is a scalar reference, then the C<SCALAR> slot of the glob will be set to C<$$value> - just like C<local *x = \1> sets C<$x> to C<1>.
229 |  |  |  |  |
230 |  |  |  |  | =item *
231 |  |  |  |  |
232 |  |  |  |  | A string beginning with a sigil, representing the symbol to localize and to assign to.
233 |  |  |  |  | If the sigil is C<'$'>, L</localize> follows the same syntax as C<local $x = $value>, i.e. C<$value> isn't dereferenced.
234 |  |  |  |  | For example,
235 |  |  |  |  |
236 |  |  |  |  | localize '$x', \'foo' => HERE;
237 |  |  |  |  |
238 |  |  |  |  | will set C<$x> to a reference to the string C<'foo'>.
239 |  |  |  |  | Other sigils (C<'@'>, C<'%'>, C<'&'> and C<'*'>) require C<$value> to be a reference of the corresponding type.
240 |  |  |  |  |
241 |  |  |  |  | When the symbol is given by a string, it is resolved when the actual localization takes place and not when L</localize> is called.
242 |  |  |  |  | Thus, if the symbol name is not qualified, it will refer to the variable in the package where the localization actually takes place and not in the one where the L</localize> call was compiled.
243 |  |  |  |  | For example,
244 |  |  |  |  |
245 |  |  |  |  | {
246 |  |  |  |  | package Scope;
247 |  |  |  |  | sub new { localize '$tag', $_[0] => UP }
248 |  |  |  |  | }
249 |  |  |  |  |
250 |  |  |  |  | {
251 |  |  |  |  | package Tool;
252 |  |  |  |  | {
253 |  |  |  |  | Scope->new;
254 |  |  |  |  | ...
255 |  |  |  |  | }
256 |  |  |  |  | }
257 |  |  |  |  |
258 |  |  |  |  | will localize C<$Tool::tag> and not C<$Scope::tag>.
259 |  |  |  |  | If you want the other behaviour, you just have to specify C<$what> as a glob or a qualified name.
260 |  |  |  |  |
261 |  |  |  |  | Note that if C<$what> is a string denoting a variable that wasn't declared beforehand, the relevant slot will be vivified as needed and won't be deleted from the glob when the localization ends.
262 |  |  |  |  | This situation never arises with C<local> because it only compiles when the localized variable is already declared.
263 |  |  |  |  | Although I believe it shouldn't be a problem as glob slots definedness is pretty much an implementation detail, this behaviour may change in the future if proved harmful.
264 |  |  |  |  |
265 |  |  |  |  | =back
266 |  |  |  |  |
267 |  |  |  |  | =head2 C<localize_elem>
268 |  |  |  |  |
269 |  |  |  |  | localize_elem $what, $key, $value;
270 |  |  |  |  | localize_elem $what, $key, $value, $context;
271 |  |  |  |  |
272 |  |  |  |  | Introduces a C<local $what[$key] = $value> or C<local $what{$key} = $value> delayed to the time of first return into the upper scope denoted by C<$context>.
273 |  |  |  |  | Unlike L</localize>, C<$what> must be a string and the type of localization is inferred from its sigil.
274 |  |  |  |  | The two only valid types are array and hash ; for anything besides those, L</localize_elem> will throw an exception.
275 |  |  |  |  | C<$key> is either an array index or a hash key, depending of which kind of variable you localize.
276 |  |  |  |  |
277 |  |  |  |  | If C<$what> is a string pointing to an undeclared variable, the variable will be vivified as soon as the localization occurs and emptied when it ends, although it will still exist in its glob.
278 |  |  |  |  |
279 |  |  |  |  | =head2 C<localize_delete>
280 |  |  |  |  |
281 |  |  |  |  | localize_delete $what, $key;
282 |  |  |  |  | localize_delete $what, $key, $context;
283 |  |  |  |  |
284 |  |  |  |  | Introduces the deletion of a variable or an array/hash element delayed to the time of first return into the upper scope denoted by C<$context>.
285 |  |  |  |  | C<$what> can be:
286 |  |  |  |  |
287 |  |  |  |  | =over 4
288 |  |  |  |  |
289 |  |  |  |  | =item *
290 |  |  |  |  |
291 |  |  |  |  | A glob, in which case C<$key> is ignored and the call is equivalent to C<local *x>.
292 |  |  |  |  |
293 |  |  |  |  | =item *
294 |  |  |  |  |
295 |  |  |  |  | A string beginning with C<'@'> or C<'%'>, for which the call is equivalent to respectively C<local $a[$key]; delete $a[$key]> and C<local $h{$key}; delete $h{$key}>.
296 |  |  |  |  |
297 |  |  |  |  | =item *
298 |  |  |  |  |
299 |  |  |  |  | A string beginning with C<'&'>, which more or less does C<undef &func> in the upper scope.
300 |  |  |  |  | It's actually more powerful, as C<&func> won't even C<exists> anymore.
301 |  |  |  |  | C<$key> is ignored.
302 |  |  |  |  |
303 |  |  |  |  | =back
304 |  |  |  |  |
305 |  |  |  |  | =head2 C<unwind>
306 |  |  |  |  |
307 |  |  |  |  | unwind;
308 |  |  |  |  | unwind @values, $context;
309 |  |  |  |  |
310 |  |  |  |  | Returns C<@values> I<from> the subroutine, eval or format context pointed by or just above C<$context>, and immediately restarts the program flow at this point - thus effectively returning C<@values> to an upper scope.
311 |  |  |  |  | If C<@values> is empty, then the C<$context> parameter is optional and defaults to the current context (making the call equivalent to a bare C<return;>) ; otherwise it is mandatory.
312 |  |  |  |  |
313 |  |  |  |  | The upper context isn't coerced onto C<@values>, which is hence always evaluated in list context.
314 |  |  |  |  | This means that
315 |  |  |  |  |
316 |  |  |  |  | my $num = sub {
317 |  |  |  |  | my @a = ('a' .. 'z');
318 |  |  |  |  | unwind @a => HERE;
319 |  |  |  |  | # not reached
320 |  |  |  |  | }->();
321 |  |  |  |  |
322 |  |  |  |  | will set C<$num> to C<'z'>.
323 |  |  |  |  | You can use L</want_at> to handle these cases.
324 |  |  |  |  |
325 |  |  |  |  | =head2 C<yield>
326 |  |  |  |  |
327 |  |  |  |  | yield;
328 |  |  |  |  | yield @values, $context;
329 |  |  |  |  |
330 |  |  |  |  | Returns C<@values> I<from> the context pointed by or just above C<$context>, and immediately restarts the program flow at this point.
331 |  |  |  |  | If C<@values> is empty, then the C<$context> parameter is optional and defaults to the current context ; otherwise it is mandatory.
332 |  |  |  |  |
333 |  |  |  |  | L</yield> differs from L</unwind> in that it can target I<any> upper scope (besides a C<s///e> substitution context) and not necessarily a sub, an eval or a format.
334 |  |  |  |  | Hence you can use it to return values from a C<do> or a C<map> block :
335 |  |  |  |  |
336 |  |  |  |  | my $now = do {
337 |  |  |  |  | local $@;
338 |  |  |  |  | eval { require Time::HiRes } or yield time() => HERE;
339 |  |  |  |  | Time::HiRes::time();
340 |  |  |  |  | };
341 |  |  |  |  |
342 |  |  |  |  | my @uniq = map {
343 |  |  |  |  | yield if $seen{$_}++; # returns the empty list from the block
344 |  |  |  |  | ...
345 |  |  |  |  | } @things;
346 |  |  |  |  |
347 |  |  |  |  | Like for L</unwind>, the upper context isn't coerced onto C<@values>.
348 |  |  |  |  | You can use the fifth value returned by L</context_info> to handle context coercion.
349 |  |  |  |  |
350 |  |  |  |  | =head2 C<leave>
351 |  |  |  |  |
352 |  |  |  |  | leave;
353 |  |  |  |  | leave @values;
354 |  |  |  |  |
355 |  |  |  |  | Immediately returns C<@values> from the current block, whatever it may be (besides a C<s///e> substitution context).
356 |  |  |  |  | C<leave> is actually a synonym for C<yield HERE>, while C<leave @values> is a synonym for C<yield @values, HERE>.
357 |  |  |  |  |
358 |  |  |  |  | Like for L</yield>, you can use the fifth value returned by L</context_info> to handle context coercion.
359 |  |  |  |  |
360 |  |  |  |  | =head2 C<want_at>
361 |  |  |  |  |
362 |  |  |  |  | my $want = want_at;
363 |  |  |  |  | my $want = want_at $context;
364 |  |  |  |  |
365 |  |  |  |  | Like L<perlfunc/wantarray>, but for the subroutine, eval or format context located at or just above C<$context>.
366 |  |  |  |  |
367 |  |  |  |  | It can be used to revise the example showed in L</unwind> :
368 |  |  |  |  |
369 |  |  |  |  | my $num = sub {
370 |  |  |  |  | my @a = ('a' .. 'z');
371 |  |  |  |  | unwind +(want_at(HERE) ? @a : scalar @a) => HERE;
372 |  |  |  |  | # not reached
373 |  |  |  |  | }->();
374 |  |  |  |  |
375 |  |  |  |  | will rightfully set C<$num> to C<26>.
376 |  |  |  |  |
377 |  |  |  |  | =head2 C<context_info>
378 |  |  |  |  |
379 |  |  |  |  | my ($package, $filename, $line, $subroutine, $hasargs,
380 |  |  |  |  | $wantarray, $evaltext, $is_require, $hints, $bitmask,
381 |  |  |  |  | $hinthash) = context_info $context;
382 |  |  |  |  |
383 |  |  |  |  | Gives information about the context denoted by C<$context>, akin to what L<perlfunc/caller> provides but not limited only to subroutine, eval and format contexts.
384 |  |  |  |  | When C<$context> is omitted, it defaults to the current context.
385 |  |  |  |  |
386 |  |  |  |  | The returned values are, in order :
387 |  |  |  |  |
388 |  |  |  |  | =over 4
389 |  |  |  |  |
390 |  |  |  |  | =item *
391 |  |  |  |  |
392 |  |  |  |  | I<(index 0)> : the namespace in use when the context was created ;
393 |  |  |  |  |
394 |  |  |  |  | =item *
395 |  |  |  |  |
396 |  |  |  |  | I<(index 1)> : the name of the file at the point where the context was created ;
397 |  |  |  |  |
398 |  |  |  |  | =item *
399 |  |  |  |  |
400 |  |  |  |  | I<(index 2)> : the line number at the point where the context was created ;
401 |  |  |  |  |
402 |  |  |  |  | =item *
403 |  |  |  |  |
404 |  |  |  |  | I<(index 3)> : the name of the subroutine called for this context, or C<undef> if this is not a subroutine context ;
405 |  |  |  |  |
406 |  |  |  |  | =item *
407 |  |  |  |  |
408 |  |  |  |  | I<(index 4)> : a boolean indicating whether a new instance of C<@_> was set up for this context, or C<undef> if this is not a subroutine context ;
409 |  |  |  |  |
410 |  |  |  |  | =item *
411 |  |  |  |  |
412 |  |  |  |  | I<(index 5)> : the context (in the sense of L<perlfunc/wantarray>) in which the context (in our sense) is executed ;
413 |  |  |  |  |
414 |  |  |  |  | =item *
415 |  |  |  |  |
416 |  |  |  |  | I<(index 6)> : the contents of the string being compiled for this context, or C<undef> if this is not an eval context ;
417 |  |  |  |  |
418 |  |  |  |  | =item *
419 |  |  |  |  |
420 |  |  |  |  | I<(index 7)> : a boolean indicating whether this eval context was created by C<require>, or C<undef> if this is not an eval context ;
421 |  |  |  |  |
422 |  |  |  |  | =item *
423 |  |  |  |  |
424 |  |  |  |  | I<(index 8)> : the value of the lexical hints in use when the context was created ;
425 |  |  |  |  |
426 |  |  |  |  | =item *
427 |  |  |  |  |
428 |  |  |  |  | I<(index 9)> : a bit string representing the warnings in use when the context was created ;
429 |  |  |  |  |
430 |  |  |  |  | =item *
431 |  |  |  |  |
432 |  |  |  |  | I<(index 10)> : a reference to the lexical hints hash in use when the context was created (only on perl 5.10 or greater).
433 |  |  |  |  |
434 |  |  |  |  | =back
435 |  |  |  |  |
436 |  |  |  |  | =head2 C<uplevel>
437 |  |  |  |  |
438 |  |  |  |  | my @ret = uplevel { ...; return @ret };
439 |  |  |  |  | my @ret = uplevel { my @args = @_; ...; return @ret } @args, $context;
440 |  |  |  |  | my @ret = &uplevel($callback, @args, $context);
441 |  |  |  |  |
442 |  |  |  |  | Executes the code reference C<$callback> with arguments C<@args> as if it were located at the subroutine stack frame pointed by C<$context>, effectively fooling C<caller> and C<die> into believing that the call actually happened higher in the stack.
443 |  |  |  |  | The code is executed in the context of the C<uplevel> call, and what it returns is returned as-is by C<uplevel>.
444 |  |  |  |  |
445 |  |  |  |  | sub target {
446 |  |  |  |  | faker(@_);
447 |  |  |  |  | }
448 |  |  |  |  |
449 |  |  |  |  | sub faker {
450 |  |  |  |  | uplevel {
451 |  |  |  |  | map { 1 / $_ } @_;
452 |  |  |  |  | } @_ => CALLER(1);
453 |  |  |  |  | }
454 |  |  |  |  |
455 |  |  |  |  | my @inverses = target(1, 2, 4); # @inverses contains (0, 0.5, 0.25)
456 |  |  |  |  | my $count = target(1, 2, 4); # $count is 3
457 |  |  |  |  |
458 |  |  |  |  | Note that if C<@args> is empty, then the C<$context> parameter is optional and defaults to the current context ; otherwise it is mandatory.
459 |  |  |  |  |
460 |  |  |  |  | L<Sub::Uplevel> also implements a pure-Perl version of C<uplevel>.
461 |  |  |  |  | Both are identical, with the following caveats :
462 |  |  |  |  |
463 |  |  |  |  | =over 4
464 |  |  |  |  |
465 |  |  |  |  | =item *
466 |  |  |  |  |
467 |  |  |  |  | The L<Sub::Uplevel> implementation of C<uplevel> may execute a code reference in the context of B<any> upper stack frame.
468 |  |  |  |  | The L<Scope::Upper> version can only uplevel to a B<subroutine> stack frame, and will croak if you try to target an C<eval> or a format.
469 |  |  |  |  |
470 |  |  |  |  | =item *
471 |  |  |  |  |
472 |  |  |  |  | Exceptions thrown from the code called by this version of C<uplevel> will not be caught by C<eval> blocks between the target frame and the uplevel call, while they will for L<Sub::Uplevel>'s version.
473 |  |  |  |  | This means that :
474 |  |  |  |  |
475 |  |  |  |  | eval {
476 |  |  |  |  | sub {
477 |  |  |  |  | local $@;
478 |  |  |  |  | eval {
479 |  |  |  |  | sub {
480 |  |  |  |  | uplevel { die 'wut' } CALLER(2); # for Scope::Upper
481 |  |  |  |  | # uplevel(3, sub { die 'wut' }) # for Sub::Uplevel
482 |  |  |  |  | }->();
483 |  |  |  |  | };
484 |  |  |  |  | print "inner block: $@";
485 |  |  |  |  | $@ and exit;
486 |  |  |  |  | }->();
487 |  |  |  |  | };
488 |  |  |  |  | print "outer block: $@";
489 |  |  |  |  |
490 |  |  |  |  | will print "inner block: wut..." with L<Sub::Uplevel> and "outer block: wut..." with L<Scope::Upper>.
491 |  |  |  |  |
492 |  |  |  |  | =item *
493 |  |  |  |  |
494 |  |  |  |  | L<Sub::Uplevel> globally overrides the Perl keyword C<caller>, while L<Scope::Upper> does not.
495 |  |  |  |  |
496 |  |  |  |  | =back
497 |  |  |  |  |
498 |  |  |  |  | A simple wrapper lets you mimic the interface of L<Sub::Uplevel/uplevel> :
499 |  |  |  |  |
500 |  |  |  |  | use Scope::Upper;
501 |  |  |  |  |
502 |  |  |  |  | sub uplevel {
503 |  |  |  |  | my $frame = shift;
504 |  |  |  |  | my $code = shift;
505 |  |  |  |  | my $cxt = Scope::Upper::CALLER($frame);
506 |  |  |  |  | &Scope::Upper::uplevel($code => @_ => $cxt);
507 |  |  |  |  | }
508 |  |  |  |  |
509 |  |  |  |  | Albeit the three exceptions listed above, it passes all the tests of L<Sub::Uplevel>.
510 |  |  |  |  |
511 |  |  |  |  | =head2 C<uid>
512 |  |  |  |  |
513 |  |  |  |  | my $uid = uid;
514 |  |  |  |  | my $uid = uid $context;
515 |  |  |  |  |
516 |  |  |  |  | Returns an unique identifier (UID) for the context (or dynamic scope) pointed by C<$context>, or for the current context if C<$context> is omitted.
517 |  |  |  |  | This UID will only be valid for the life time of the context it represents, and another UID will be generated next time the same scope is executed.
518 |  |  |  |  |
519 |  |  |  |  | my $uid;
520 |  |  |  |  |
521 |  |  |  |  | {
522 |  |  |  |  | $uid = uid;
523 |  |  |  |  | if ($uid eq uid()) { # yes, this is the same context
524 |  |  |  |  | ...
525 |  |  |  |  | }
526 |  |  |  |  | {
527 |  |  |  |  | if ($uid eq uid()) { # no, we are one scope below
528 |  |  |  |  | ...
529 |  |  |  |  | }
530 |  |  |  |  | if ($uid eq uid(UP)) { # yes, UP points to the same scope as $uid
531 |  |  |  |  | ...
532 |  |  |  |  | }
533 |  |  |  |  | }
534 |  |  |  |  | }
535 |  |  |  |  |
536 |  |  |  |  | # $uid is now invalid
537 |  |  |  |  |
538 |  |  |  |  | {
539 |  |  |  |  | if ($uid eq uid()) { # no, this is another block
540 |  |  |  |  | ...
541 |  |  |  |  | }
542 |  |  |  |  | }
543 |  |  |  |  |
544 |  |  |  |  | For example, each loop iteration gets its own UID :
545 |  |  |  |  |
546 |  |  |  |  | my %uids;
547 |  |  |  |  |
548 |  |  |  |  | for (1 .. 5) {
549 |  |  |  |  | my $uid = uid;
550 |  |  |  |  | $uids{$uid} = $_;
551 |  |  |  |  | }
552 |  |  |  |  |
553 |  |  |  |  | # %uids has 5 entries
554 |  |  |  |  |
555 |  |  |  |  | The UIDs are not guaranteed to be numbers, so you must use the C<eq> operator to compare them.
556 |  |  |  |  |
557 |  |  |  |  | To check whether a given UID is valid, you can use the L</validate_uid> function.
558 |  |  |  |  |
559 |  |  |  |  | =head2 C<validate_uid>
560 |  |  |  |  |
561 |  |  |  |  | my $is_valid = validate_uid $uid;
562 |  |  |  |  |
563 |  |  |  |  | Returns true if and only if C<$uid> is the UID of a currently valid context (that is, it designates a scope that is higher than the current one in the call stack).
564 |  |  |  |  |
565 |  |  |  |  | my $uid;
566 |  |  |  |  |
567 |  |  |  |  | {
568 |  |  |  |  | $uid = uid();
569 |  |  |  |  | if (validate_uid($uid)) { # yes
570 |  |  |  |  | ...
571 |  |  |  |  | }
572 |  |  |  |  | {
573 |  |  |  |  | if (validate_uid($uid)) { # yes
574 |  |  |  |  | ...
575 |  |  |  |  | }
576 |  |  |  |  | }
577 |  |  |  |  | }
578 |  |  |  |  |
579 |  |  |  |  | if (validate_uid($uid)) { # no
580 |  |  |  |  | ...
581 |  |  |  |  | }
582 |  |  |  |  |
583 |  |  |  |  | =head1 CONSTANTS
584 |  |  |  |  |
585 |  |  |  |  | =head2 C<SU_THREADSAFE>
586 |  |  |  |  |
587 |  |  |  |  | True iff the module could have been built when thread-safety features.
588 |  |  |  |  |
589 |  |  |  |  | =head1 WORDS
590 |  |  |  |  |
591 |  |  |  |  | =head2 Constants
592 |  |  |  |  |
593 |  |  |  |  | =head3 C<TOP>
594 |  |  |  |  |
595 |  |  |  |  | my $top_context = TOP;
596 |  |  |  |  |
597 |  |  |  |  | Returns the context that currently represents the highest scope.
598 |  |  |  |  |
599 |  |  |  |  | =head3 C<HERE>
600 |  |  |  |  |
601 |  |  |  |  | my $current_context = HERE;
602 |  |  |  |  |
603 |  |  |  |  | The context of the current scope.
604 |  |  |  |  |
605 |  |  |  |  | =head2 Getting a context from a context
606 |  |  |  |  |
607 |  |  |  |  | For any of those functions, C<$from> is expected to be a context.
608 |  |  |  |  | When omitted, it defaults to the current context.
609 |  |  |  |  |
610 |  |  |  |  | =head3 C<UP>
611 |  |  |  |  |
612 |  |  |  |  | my $upper_context = UP;
613 |  |  |  |  | my $upper_context = UP $from;
614 |  |  |  |  |
615 |  |  |  |  | The context of the scope just above C<$from>.
616 |  |  |  |  |
617 |  |  |  |  | =head3 C<SUB>
618 |  |  |  |  |
619 |  |  |  |  | my $sub_context = SUB;
620 |  |  |  |  | my $sub_context = SUB $from;
621 |  |  |  |  |
622 |  |  |  |  | The context of the closest subroutine above C<$from>.
623 |  |  |  |  | Note that C<$from> is returned if it is already a subroutine context ; hence C<SUB SUB == SUB>.
624 |  |  |  |  |
625 |  |  |  |  | =head3 C<EVAL>
626 |  |  |  |  |
627 |  |  |  |  | my $eval_context = EVAL;
628 |  |  |  |  | my $eval_context = EVAL $from;
629 |  |  |  |  |
630 |  |  |  |  | The context of the closest eval above C<$from>.
631 |  |  |  |  | Note that C<$from> is returned if it is already an eval context ; hence C<EVAL EVAL == EVAL>.
632 |  |  |  |  |
633 |  |  |  |  | =head2 Getting a context from a level
634 |  |  |  |  |
635 |  |  |  |  | Here, C<$level> should denote a number of scopes above the current one.
636 |  |  |  |  | When omitted, it defaults to C<0> and those functions return the same context as L</HERE>.
637 |  |  |  |  |
638 |  |  |  |  | =head3 C<SCOPE>
639 |  |  |  |  |
640 |  |  |  |  | my $context = SCOPE;
641 |  |  |  |  | my $context = SCOPE $level;
642 |  |  |  |  |
643 |  |  |  |  | The C<$level>-th upper context, regardless of its type.
644 |  |  |  |  |
645 |  |  |  |  | =head3 C<CALLER>
646 |  |  |  |  |
647 |  |  |  |  | my $context = CALLER;
648 |  |  |  |  | my $context = CALLER $level;
649 |  |  |  |  |
650 |  |  |  |  | The context of the C<$level>-th upper subroutine/eval/format.
651 |  |  |  |  | It kind of corresponds to the context represented by C<caller $level>, but while e.g. C<caller 0> refers to the caller context, C<CALLER 0> will refer to the top scope in the current context.
652 |  |  |  |  |
653 |  |  |  |  | =head2 Examples
654 |  |  |  |  |
655 |  |  |  |  | Where L</reap> fires depending on the C<$cxt> :
656 |  |  |  |  |
657 |  |  |  |  | sub {
658 |  |  |  |  | eval {
659 |  |  |  |  | sub {
660 |  |  |  |  | {
661 |  |  |  |  | reap \&cleanup => $cxt;
662 |  |  |  |  | ...
663 |  |  |  |  | } # $cxt = SCOPE(0) = HERE
664 |  |  |  |  | ...
665 |  |  |  |  | }->(); # $cxt = SCOPE(1) = UP = SUB = CALLER(0)
666 |  |  |  |  | ...
667 |  |  |  |  | }; # $cxt = SCOPE(2) = UP UP = UP SUB = EVAL = CALLER(1)
668 |  |  |  |  | ...
669 |  |  |  |  | }->(); # $cxt = SCOPE(3) = SUB UP SUB = SUB EVAL = CALLER(2)
670 |  |  |  |  | ...
671 |  |  |  |  |
672 |  |  |  |  | Where L</localize>, L</localize_elem> and L</localize_delete> act depending on the C<$cxt> :
673 |  |  |  |  |
674 |  |  |  |  | sub {
675 |  |  |  |  | eval {
676 |  |  |  |  | sub {
677 |  |  |  |  | {
678 |  |  |  |  | localize '$x' => 1 => $cxt;
679 |  |  |  |  | # $cxt = SCOPE(0) = HERE
680 |  |  |  |  | ...
681 |  |  |  |  | }
682 |  |  |  |  | # $cxt = SCOPE(1) = UP = SUB = CALLER(0)
683 |  |  |  |  | ...
684 |  |  |  |  | }->();
685 |  |  |  |  | # $cxt = SCOPE(2) = UP UP = UP SUB = EVAL = CALLER(1)
686 |  |  |  |  | ...
687 |  |  |  |  | };
688 |  |  |  |  | # $cxt = SCOPE(3) = SUB UP SUB = SUB EVAL = CALLER(2)
689 |  |  |  |  | ...
690 |  |  |  |  | }->();
691 |  |  |  |  | # $cxt = SCOPE(4), UP SUB UP SUB = UP SUB EVAL = UP CALLER(2) = TOP
692 |  |  |  |  | ...
693 |  |  |  |  |
694 |  |  |  |  | Where L</unwind>, L</yield>, L</want_at>, L</context_info> and L</uplevel> point to depending on the C<$cxt>:
695 |  |  |  |  |
696 |  |  |  |  | sub {
697 |  |  |  |  | eval {
698 |  |  |  |  | sub {
699 |  |  |  |  | {
700 |  |  |  |  | unwind @things => $cxt; # or yield @things => $cxt
701 |  |  |  |  | # or uplevel { ... } $cxt
702 |  |  |  |  | ...
703 |  |  |  |  | }
704 |  |  |  |  | ...
705 |  |  |  |  | }->(); # $cxt = SCOPE(0) = SCOPE(1) = HERE = UP = SUB = CALLER(0)
706 |  |  |  |  | ...
707 |  |  |  |  | }; # $cxt = SCOPE(2) = UP UP = UP SUB = EVAL = CALLER(1) (*)
708 |  |  |  |  | ...
709 |  |  |  |  | }->(); # $cxt = SCOPE(3) = SUB UP SUB = SUB EVAL = CALLER(2)
710 |  |  |  |  | ...
711 |  |  |  |  |
712 |  |  |  |  | # (*) Note that uplevel() will croak if you pass that scope frame,
713 |  |  |  |  | # because it cannot target eval scopes.
714 |  |  |  |  |
715 |  |  |  |  | =head1 EXPORT
716 |  |  |  |  |
717 |  |  |  |  | The functions L</reap>, L</localize>, L</localize_elem>, L</localize_delete>, L</unwind>, L</yield>, L</leave>, L</want_at>, L</context_info> and L</uplevel> are only exported on request, either individually or by the tags C<':funcs'> and C<':all'>.
718 |  |  |  |  |
719 |  |  |  |  | The constant L</SU_THREADSAFE> is also only exported on request, individually or by the tags C<':consts'> and C<':all'>.
720 |  |  |  |  |
721 |  |  |  |  | Same goes for the words L</TOP>, L</HERE>, L</UP>, L</SUB>, L</EVAL>, L</SCOPE> and L</CALLER> that are only exported on request, individually or by the tags C<':words'> and C<':all'>.
722 |  |  |  |  |
723 |  |  |  |  | =cut
724 |  |  |  |  |
725 | 2 | 120µs | 2 | 126µs | # spent 69µs (11+58) within Scope::Upper::BEGIN@725 which was called: # once (11µs+58µs) by PONAPI::Server::BEGIN@13 at line 725 use base qw<Exporter>; # spent 69µs making 1 call to Scope::Upper::BEGIN@725 # spent 58µs making 1 call to base::import
726 |  |  |  |  |
727 | 1 | 400ns |  |  | our @EXPORT = ();
728 | 1 | 4µs |  |  | our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
729 |  |  |  |  | funcs => [ qw<
730 |  |  |  |  | reap
731 |  |  |  |  | localize localize_elem localize_delete
732 |  |  |  |  | unwind yield leave
733 |  |  |  |  | want_at context_info
734 |  |  |  |  | uplevel
735 |  |  |  |  | uid validate_uid
736 |  |  |  |  | > ],
737 |  |  |  |  | words => [ qw<TOP HERE UP SUB EVAL SCOPE CALLER> ],
738 |  |  |  |  | consts => [ qw<SU_THREADSAFE> ],
739 |  |  |  |  | );
740 | 1 | 5µs |  |  | our @EXPORT_OK = map { @$_ } values %EXPORT_TAGS;
741 | 1 | 2µs |  |  | $EXPORT_TAGS{'all'} = [ @EXPORT_OK ];
742 |  |  |  |  |
743 |  |  |  |  | =head1 CAVEATS
744 |  |  |  |  |
745 |  |  |  |  | Be careful that local variables are restored in the reverse order in which they were localized.
746 |  |  |  |  | Consider those examples:
747 |  |  |  |  |
748 |  |  |  |  | local $x = 0;
749 |  |  |  |  | {
750 |  |  |  |  | reap sub { print $x } => HERE;
751 |  |  |  |  | local $x = 1;
752 |  |  |  |  | ...
753 |  |  |  |  | }
754 |  |  |  |  | # prints '0'
755 |  |  |  |  | ...
756 |  |  |  |  | {
757 |  |  |  |  | local $x = 1;
758 |  |  |  |  | reap sub { $x = 2 } => HERE;
759 |  |  |  |  | ...
760 |  |  |  |  | }
761 |  |  |  |  | # $x is 0
762 |  |  |  |  |
763 |  |  |  |  | The first case is "solved" by moving the C<local> before the C<reap>, and the second by using L</localize> instead of L</reap>.
764 |  |  |  |  |
765 |  |  |  |  | The effects of L</reap>, L</localize> and L</localize_elem> can't cross C<BEGIN> blocks, hence calling those functions in C<import> is deemed to be useless.
766 |  |  |  |  | This is an hopeless case because C<BEGIN> blocks are executed once while localizing constructs should do their job at each run.
767 |  |  |  |  | However, it's possible to hook the end of the current scope compilation with L<B::Hooks::EndOfScope>.
768 |  |  |  |  |
769 |  |  |  |  | Some rare oddities may still happen when running inside the debugger.
770 |  |  |  |  | It may help to use a perl higher than 5.8.9 or 5.10.0, as they contain some context-related fixes.
771 |  |  |  |  |
772 |  |  |  |  | Calling C<goto> to replace an L</uplevel>'d code frame does not work :
773 |  |  |  |  |
774 |  |  |  |  | =over 4
775 |  |  |  |  |
776 |  |  |  |  | =item *
777 |  |  |  |  |
778 |  |  |  |  | for a C<perl> older than the 5.8 series ;
779 |  |  |  |  |
780 |  |  |  |  | =item *
781 |  |  |  |  |
782 |  |  |  |  | for a C<DEBUGGING> C<perl> run with debugging flags set (as in C<perl -D ...>) ;
783 |  |  |  |  |
784 |  |  |  |  | =item *
785 |  |  |  |  |
786 |  |  |  |  | when the runloop callback is replaced by another module.
787 |  |  |  |  |
788 |  |  |  |  | =back
789 |  |  |  |  |
790 |  |  |  |  | In those three cases, L</uplevel> will look for a C<goto &sub> statement in its callback and, if there is one, throw an exception before executing the code.
791 |  |  |  |  |
792 |  |  |  |  | Moreover, in order to handle C<goto> statements properly, L</uplevel> currently has to suffer a run-time overhead proportional to the size of the callback in every case (with a small ratio), and proportional to the size of B<all> the code executed as the result of the L</uplevel> call (including subroutine calls inside the callback) when a C<goto> statement is found in the L</uplevel> callback.
793 |  |  |  |  | Despite this shortcoming, this XS version of L</uplevel> should still run way faster than the pure-Perl version from L<Sub::Uplevel>.
794 |  |  |  |  |
795 |  |  |  |  | =head1 DEPENDENCIES
796 |  |  |  |  |
797 |  |  |  |  | L<perl> 5.6.1.
798 |  |  |  |  |
799 |  |  |  |  | A C compiler.
800 |  |  |  |  | This module may happen to build with a C++ compiler as well, but don't rely on it, as no guarantee is made in this regard.
801 |  |  |  |  |
802 |  |  |  |  | L<XSLoader> (core since perl 5.6.0).
803 |  |  |  |  |
804 |  |  |  |  | =head1 SEE ALSO
805 |  |  |  |  |
806 |  |  |  |  | L<perlfunc/local>, L<perlsub/"Temporary Values via local()">.
807 |  |  |  |  |
808 |  |  |  |  | L<Alias>, L<Hook::Scope>, L<Scope::Guard>, L<Guard>.
809 |  |  |  |  |
810 |  |  |  |  | L<Sub::Uplevel>.
811 |  |  |  |  |
812 |  |  |  |  | L<Continuation::Escape> is a thin wrapper around L<Scope::Upper> that gives you a continuation passing style interface to L</unwind>.
813 |  |  |  |  | It's easier to use, but it requires you to have control over the scope where you want to return.
814 |  |  |  |  |
815 |  |  |  |  | L<Scope::Escape>.
816 |  |  |  |  |
817 |  |  |  |  | =head1 AUTHOR
818 |  |  |  |  |
819 |  |  |  |  | Vincent Pit, C<< <perl at profvince.com> >>, L<http://www.profvince.com>.
820 |  |  |  |  |
821 |  |  |  |  | You can contact me by mail or on C<irc.perl.org> (vincent).
822 |  |  |  |  |
823 |  |  |  |  | =head1 BUGS
824 |  |  |  |  |
825 |  |  |  |  | Please report any bugs or feature requests to C<bug-scope-upper at rt.cpan.org>, or through the web interface at L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=Scope-Upper>.
826 |  |  |  |  | I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as I make changes.
827 |  |  |  |  |
828 |  |  |  |  | =head1 SUPPORT
829 |  |  |  |  |
830 |  |  |  |  | You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.
831 |  |  |  |  |
832 |  |  |  |  | perldoc Scope::Upper
833 |  |  |  |  |
834 |  |  |  |  | Tests code coverage report is available at L<http://www.profvince.com/perl/cover/Scope-Upper>.
835 |  |  |  |  |
836 |  |  |  |  | =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
837 |  |  |  |  |
838 |  |  |  |  | Inspired by Ricardo Signes.
839 |  |  |  |  |
840 |  |  |  |  | Thanks to Shawn M. Moore for motivation.
841 |  |  |  |  |
842 |  |  |  |  | =head1 COPYRIGHT & LICENSE
843 |  |  |  |  |
844 |  |  |  |  | Copyright 2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013 Vincent Pit, all rights reserved.
845 |  |  |  |  |
846 |  |  |  |  | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
847 |  |  |  |  |
848 |  |  |  |  | =cut
849 |  |  |  |  |
850 | 1 | 5µs |  |  | 1; # End of Scope::Upper
|  |  |  |  | # spent 303ms within Scope::Upper::HERE which was called 100001 times, avg 3µs/call: # 100001 times (303ms+0s) by Return::MultiLevel::__ANON__[/usr/local/share/perl/5.18.2/Return/MultiLevel.pm:25] at line 19 of Return/MultiLevel.pm, avg 3µs/call sub Scope::Upper::HERE; # xsub