#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# File:         PanasonicRaw.pm
#
# Description:  Read/write Panasonic/Leica RAW/RW2/RWL meta information
#
# Revisions:    2009/03/24 - P. Harvey Created
#               2009/05/12 - PH Added RWL file type (same format as RW2)
#
# References:   1) http://u88.n24.queensu.ca/exiftool/forum/index.php/topic,1542.0.html
#               2) http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/
#               3) http://syscall.eu/#pana
#               4) Klaus Homeister private communication
#              IB) Iliah Borg private communication (LibRaw)
#              JD) Jens Duttke private communication (TZ3,FZ30,FZ50)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

package Image::ExifTool::PanasonicRaw;

use strict;
use vars qw($VERSION);
use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);
use Image::ExifTool::Exif;

$VERSION = '1.18';

sub ProcessJpgFromRaw($$$);
sub WriteJpgFromRaw($$$);
sub WriteDistortionInfo($$$);
sub ProcessDistortionInfo($$$);

my %jpgFromRawMap = (
    IFD1         => 'IFD0',
    EXIF         => 'IFD0', # to write EXIF as a block
    ExifIFD      => 'IFD0',
    GPS          => 'IFD0',
    SubIFD       => 'IFD0',
    GlobParamIFD => 'IFD0',
    PrintIM      => 'IFD0',
    InteropIFD   => 'ExifIFD',
    MakerNotes   => 'ExifIFD',
    IFD0         => 'APP1',
    MakerNotes   => 'ExifIFD',
    Comment      => 'COM',
);

my %wbTypeInfo = (
    PrintConv => \%Image::ExifTool::Exif::lightSource,
    SeparateTable => 'EXIF LightSource',
);

# Tags found in Panasonic RAW/RW2/RWL images (ref PH)
%Image::ExifTool::PanasonicRaw::Main = (
    GROUPS => { 0 => 'EXIF', 1 => 'IFD0', 2 => 'Image'},
    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::WriteExif,
    CHECK_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::CheckExif,
    WRITE_GROUP => 'IFD0',   # default write group
    NOTES => 'These tags are found in IFD0 of Panasonic/Leica RAW, RW2 and RWL images.',
    0x01 => {
        Name => 'PanasonicRawVersion',
        Writable => 'undef',
    },
    0x02 => 'SensorWidth', #1/PH
    0x03 => 'SensorHeight', #1/PH
    0x04 => 'SensorTopBorder', #JD
    0x05 => 'SensorLeftBorder', #JD
    0x06 => 'SensorBottomBorder', #PH
    0x07 => 'SensorRightBorder', #PH
    # observed values for unknown tags - PH
    # 0x08: 1
    # 0x09: 1,3,4
    # 0x0a: 12
    # (IB gave 0x08-0x0a as BlackLevel tags, but Klaus' decoding makes more sense)
    0x08 => { Name => 'SamplesPerPixel', Writable => 'int16u', Protected => 1 }, #4
    0x09 => { #4
        Name => 'CFAPattern',
        Writable => 'int16u',
        Protected => 1,
        PrintConv => {
            0 => 'n/a',
            1 => '[Red,Green][Green,Blue]', # (CM-1, FZ70)
            2 => '[Green,Red][Blue,Green]', # (LX-7)
            3 => '[Green,Blue][Red,Green]', # (ZS100, FZ2500, FZ1000, ...)
            4 => '[Blue,Green][Green,Red]', # (LC-100, G-7, V-LUX1, ...)
        },
    },
    0x0a => { Name => 'BitsPerSample', Writable => 'int16u', Protected => 1 }, #4
    0x0b => { #4
        Name => 'Compression',
        Writable => 'int16u',
        Protected => 1,
        PrintConv => {
            34316 => 'Panasonic RAW 1', # (most models - RAW/RW2/RWL)
            34826 => 'Panasonic RAW 2', # (DIGILUX 2 - RAW)
            34828 => 'Panasonic RAW 3', # (D-LUX2,D-LUX3,FZ30,LX1 - RAW)
            34830 => 'Panasonic RAW 4', #IB (Leica DIGILUX 3, Panasonic DMC-L1)
        },
    },
    # 0x0c: 2 (only Leica Digilux 2)
    # 0x0d: 0,1
    # 0x0e,0x0f,0x10: 4095
    0x0e => { Name => 'LinearityLimitRed',   Writable => 'int16u' }, #IB
    0x0f => { Name => 'LinearityLimitGreen', Writable => 'int16u' }, #IB
    0x10 => { Name => 'LinearityLimitBlue',  Writable => 'int16u' }, #IB
    0x11 => { #JD
        Name => 'RedBalance',
        Writable => 'int16u',
        ValueConv => '$val / 256',
        ValueConvInv => 'int($val * 256 + 0.5)',
        Notes => 'found in Digilux 2 RAW images',
    },
    0x12 => { #JD
        Name => 'BlueBalance',
        Writable => 'int16u',
        ValueConv => '$val / 256',
        ValueConvInv => 'int($val * 256 + 0.5)',
    },
    0x13 => { #IB
        Name => 'WBInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::PanasonicRaw::WBInfo' },
    },
    0x17 => { #1
        Name => 'ISO',
        Writable => 'int16u',
    },
    # 0x18,0x19,0x1a: 0
    0x18 => { #IB
        Name => 'HighISOMultiplierRed',
        Writable => 'int16u',
        ValueConv => '$val / 256',
        ValueConvInv => 'int($val * 256 + 0.5)',
    },
    0x19 => { #IB
        Name => 'HighISOMultiplierGreen',
        Writable => 'int16u',
        ValueConv => '$val / 256',
        ValueConvInv => 'int($val * 256 + 0.5)',
    },
    0x1a => { #IB
        Name => 'HighISOMultiplierBlue',
        Writable => 'int16u',
        ValueConv => '$val / 256',
        ValueConvInv => 'int($val * 256 + 0.5)',
    },
    # 0x1b: [binary data] (something to do with the camera ISO cababilities: int16u count N,
    #                      followed by table of  N entries: int16u ISO, int16u[3] RGB gains - ref IB)
    0x1c => { Name => 'BlackLevelRed',   Writable => 'int16u' }, #IB
    0x1d => { Name => 'BlackLevelGreen', Writable => 'int16u' }, #IB
    0x1e => { Name => 'BlackLevelBlue',  Writable => 'int16u' }, #IB
    0x24 => { #2
        Name => 'WBRedLevel',
        Writable => 'int16u',
    },
    0x25 => { #2
        Name => 'WBGreenLevel',
        Writable => 'int16u',
    },
    0x26 => { #2
        Name => 'WBBlueLevel',
        Writable => 'int16u',
    },
    0x27 => { #IB
        Name => 'WBInfo2',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::PanasonicRaw::WBInfo2' },
    },
    # 0x27,0x29,0x2a,0x2b,0x2c: [binary data]
    0x2d => { #IB
        Name => 'RawFormat',
        Writable => 'int16u',
        Protected => 1,
        # 2 - RAW DMC-FZ8/FZ18
        # 3 - RAW DMC-L10
        # 4 - RW2 for most other models, including G9 normal resolution and YUNEEC CGO4
        #     (must add 15 to black levels for RawFormat == 4)
        # 5 - RW2 DC-GH5s and G9 HiRes
        # missing - DMC-LX1/FZ30/FZ50/L1/LX1/LX2
    },
    0x2e => { #JD
        Name => 'JpgFromRaw', # (writable directory!)
        Groups => { 2 => 'Preview' },
        Writable => 'undef',
        # protect this tag because it contains all the metadata
        Flags => [ 'Binary', 'Protected', 'NestedHtmlDump', 'BlockExtract' ],
        Notes => 'processed as an embedded document because it contains full EXIF',
        WriteCheck => '$val eq "none" ? undef : $self->CheckImage(\$val)',
        DataTag => 'JpgFromRaw',
        RawConv => '$self->ValidateImage(\$val,$tag)',
        SubDirectory => {
            # extract information from embedded image since it is metadata-rich,
            # unless HtmlDump option set (note that the offsets will be relative,
            # not absolute like they should be in verbose mode)
            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::JPEG::Main',
            WriteProc => \&WriteJpgFromRaw,
            ProcessProc => \&ProcessJpgFromRaw,
        },
    },
    0x2f => { Name => 'CropTop',    Writable => 'int16u' },
    0x30 => { Name => 'CropLeft',   Writable => 'int16u' },
    0x31 => { Name => 'CropBottom', Writable => 'int16u' },
    0x32 => { Name => 'CropRight',  Writable => 'int16u' },
    0x10f => {
        Name => 'Make',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Camera' },
        Writable => 'string',
        DataMember => 'Make',
        # save this value as an ExifTool member variable
        RawConv => '$self->{Make} = $val',
    },
    0x110 => {
        Name => 'Model',
        Description => 'Camera Model Name',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Camera' },
        Writable => 'string',
        DataMember => 'Model',
        # save this value as an ExifTool member variable
        RawConv => '$self->{Model} = $val',
    },
    0x111 => {
        Name => 'StripOffsets',
        # (this value is 0xffffffff for some models, and RawDataOffset must be used)
        Flags => [ 'IsOffset', 'PanasonicHack' ],
        OffsetPair => 0x117,  # point to associated byte counts
        ValueConv => 'length($val) > 32 ? \$val : $val',
    },
    0x112 => {
        Name => 'Orientation',
        Writable => 'int16u',
        PrintConv => \%Image::ExifTool::Exif::orientation,
        Priority => 0,  # so IFD1 doesn't take precedence
    },
    0x116 => {
        Name => 'RowsPerStrip',
        Priority => 0,
    },
    0x117 => {
        Name => 'StripByteCounts',
        # (note that this value may represent something like uncompressed byte count
        # for RAW/RW2/RWL images from some models, and is zero for some other models)
        OffsetPair => 0x111,   # point to associated offset
        ValueConv => 'length($val) > 32 ? \$val : $val',
    },
    0x118 => {
        Name => 'RawDataOffset', #PH (RW2/RWL)
        IsOffset => '$$et{TIFF_TYPE} =~ /^(RW2|RWL)$/', # (invalid in DNG-converted files)
        PanasonicHack => 1,
        OffsetPair => 0x117, # (use StripByteCounts as the offset pair)
        NotRealPair => 1,    # (to avoid Validate warning)
    },
    0x119 => {
        Name => 'DistortionInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::PanasonicRaw::DistortionInfo' },
    },
    # 0x11b - chromatic aberration correction (ref 3)
    0x120 => {
        Name => 'CameraIFD',
        SubDirectory => {
            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::PanasonicRaw::CameraIFD',
            Base => '$start',
            ProcessProc => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessTIFF,
        },
    },
    0x2bc => { # PH Extension!!
        Name => 'ApplicationNotes', # (writable directory!)
        Writable => 'int8u',
        Format => 'undef',
        Flags => [ 'Binary', 'Protected' ],
        SubDirectory => {
            DirName => 'XMP',
            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::XMP::Main',
        },
    },
    0x001b => { #forum9250
        Name => 'NoiseReductionParams',
        Writable => 'undef',
        Format => 'int16u',
        Count => -1,
        Flags => 'Protected',
        Notes => q{
            the camera's default noise reduction setup.  The first number is the number
            of entries, then for each entry there are 4 numbers: an ISO speed, and
            noise-reduction strengths the R, G and B channels
        },
    },
    0x83bb => { # PH Extension!!
        Name => 'IPTC-NAA', # (writable directory!)
        Format => 'undef',      # convert binary values as undef
        Writable => 'int32u',   # but write int32u format code in IFD
        WriteGroup => 'IFD0',
        Flags => [ 'Binary', 'Protected' ],
        SubDirectory => {
            DirName => 'IPTC',
            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::IPTC::Main',
        },
    },
    0x8769 => {
        Name => 'ExifOffset',
        Groups => { 1 => 'ExifIFD' },
        Flags => 'SubIFD',
        SubDirectory => {
            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::Main',
            DirName => 'ExifIFD',
            Start => '$val',
        },
    },
    0x8825 => {
        Name => 'GPSInfo',
        Groups => { 1 => 'GPS' },
        Flags => 'SubIFD',
        SubDirectory => {
            DirName => 'GPS',
            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::Main',
            Start => '$val',
        },
    },
    # 0xffff => 'DCSHueShiftValues', #exifprobe (NC)
);

# white balance information (ref IB)
# (PanasonicRawVersion<200: Digilux 2)
%Image::ExifTool::PanasonicRaw::WBInfo = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::WriteBinaryData,
    CHECK_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::CheckBinaryData,
    WRITABLE => 1,
    FORMAT => 'int16u',
    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
    0 => 'NumWBEntries',
    1 => { Name => 'WBType1', %wbTypeInfo },
    2 => { Name => 'WB_RBLevels1', Format => 'int16u[2]' },
    4 => { Name => 'WBType2', %wbTypeInfo },
    5 => { Name => 'WB_RBLevels2', Format => 'int16u[2]' },
    7 => { Name => 'WBType3', %wbTypeInfo },
    8 => { Name => 'WB_RBLevels3', Format => 'int16u[2]' },
    10 => { Name => 'WBType4', %wbTypeInfo },
    11 => { Name => 'WB_RBLevels4', Format => 'int16u[2]' },
    13 => { Name => 'WBType5', %wbTypeInfo },
    14 => { Name => 'WB_RBLevels5', Format => 'int16u[2]' },
    16 => { Name => 'WBType6', %wbTypeInfo },
    17 => { Name => 'WB_RBLevels6', Format => 'int16u[2]' },
    19 => { Name => 'WBType7', %wbTypeInfo },
    20 => { Name => 'WB_RBLevels7', Format => 'int16u[2]' },
);

# white balance information (ref IB)
# (PanasonicRawVersion>=200: D-Lux2, D-Lux3, DMC-FZ18/FZ30/LX1/L10)
%Image::ExifTool::PanasonicRaw::WBInfo2 = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::WriteBinaryData,
    CHECK_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::CheckBinaryData,
    WRITABLE => 1,
    FORMAT => 'int16u',
    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
    0 => 'NumWBEntries',
    1 => { Name => 'WBType1', %wbTypeInfo },
    2 => { Name => 'WB_RGBLevels1', Format => 'int16u[3]' },
    5 => { Name => 'WBType2', %wbTypeInfo },
    6 => { Name => 'WB_RGBLevels2', Format => 'int16u[3]' },
    9 => { Name => 'WBType3', %wbTypeInfo },
    10 => { Name => 'WB_RGBLevels3', Format => 'int16u[3]' },
    13 => { Name => 'WBType4', %wbTypeInfo },
    14 => { Name => 'WB_RGBLevels4', Format => 'int16u[3]' },
    17 => { Name => 'WBType5', %wbTypeInfo },
    18 => { Name => 'WB_RGBLevels5', Format => 'int16u[3]' },
    21 => { Name => 'WBType6', %wbTypeInfo },
    22 => { Name => 'WB_RGBLevels6', Format => 'int16u[3]' },
    25 => { Name => 'WBType7', %wbTypeInfo },
    26 => { Name => 'WB_RGBLevels7', Format => 'int16u[3]' },
);

# lens distortion information (ref 3)
# (distortion correction equation: Ru = scale*(Rd + a*Rd^3 + b*Rd^5 + c*Rd^7), ref 3)
%Image::ExifTool::PanasonicRaw::DistortionInfo = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&ProcessDistortionInfo,
    WRITE_PROC => \&WriteDistortionInfo,
    CHECK_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::CheckBinaryData,
    # (don't make this family 0 MakerNotes because we don't want it to be a deletable group)
    GROUPS => { 0 => 'PanasonicRaw', 1 => 'PanasonicRaw', 2 => 'Image'},
    WRITABLE => 1,
    FORMAT => 'int16s',
    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
    NOTES => 'Lens distortion correction information.',
    # 0,1 - checksums
    2 => {
        Name => 'DistortionParam02',
        ValueConv => '$val / 32768',
        ValueConvInv => '$val * 32768',
    },
    # 3 - usually 0, but seen 0x026b when value 5 is non-zero
    4 => {
        Name => 'DistortionParam04',
        ValueConv => '$val / 32768',
        ValueConvInv => '$val * 32768',
    },
    5 => {
        Name => 'DistortionScale',
        ValueConv => '1 / (1 + $val/32768)',
        ValueConvInv => '(1/$val - 1) * 32768',
    },
    # 6 - seen 0x0000-0x027f
    7.1 => {
        Name => 'DistortionCorrection',
        Mask => 0x0f,
        # (have seen the upper 4 bits set for GF5 and GX1, giving a value of -4095 - PH)
        PrintConv => { 0 => 'Off', 1 => 'On' },
    },
    8 => {
        Name => 'DistortionParam08',
        ValueConv => '$val / 32768',
        ValueConvInv => '$val * 32768',
    },
    9 => {
        Name => 'DistortionParam09',
        ValueConv => '$val / 32768',
        ValueConvInv => '$val * 32768',
    },
    # 10 - seen 0xfc,0x0101,0x01f4,0x021d,0x0256
    11 => {
        Name => 'DistortionParam11',
        ValueConv => '$val / 32768',
        ValueConvInv => '$val * 32768',
    },
    12 => {
        Name => 'DistortionN',
        Unknown => 1,
    },
    # 13 - seen 0x0000,0x01f9-0x02b2
    # 14,15 - checksums
);

# Panasonic RW2 camera IFD written by GH5 (ref PH)
# (doesn't seem to be valid for the GF7 or GM5 -- encrypted?)
%Image::ExifTool::PanasonicRaw::CameraIFD = (
    GROUPS => { 0 => 'PanasonicRaw', 1 => 'CameraIFD', 2 => 'Camera'},
    # (don't know what format codes 0x101 and 0x102 are for, so just
    #  map them into 4 = int32u for now)
    VARS => { MAP_FORMAT => { 0x101 => 4, 0x102 => 4 } },
    0x1101 => { #forum8484 (Metabones EF-M43-BT2 adapter with Canon lenses)
        Name => 'FocusDistance',
        Writable => 'int16u',
        ValueConv => '$val / 200',
        PrintConv => '$val > 65534.5/200 ? "inf" : "$val m"',
    },
    0x1203 => { #4
        Name => 'FocalLengthIn35mmFormat',
        Writable => 'int16u',
        PrintConv => '"$val mm"',
        PrintConvInv => '$val=~s/\s*mm$//;$val',
    },
    0x3501 => { #4
        Name => 'Orientation',
        Writable => 'int8u',
        PrintConv => \%Image::ExifTool::Exif::orientation,
    },
);

# PanasonicRaw composite tags
%Image::ExifTool::PanasonicRaw::Composite = (
    ImageWidth => {
        Require => {
            0 => 'IFD0:SensorLeftBorder',
            1 => 'IFD0:SensorRightBorder',
        },
        ValueConv => '$val[1] - $val[0]',
    },
    ImageHeight => {
        Require => {
            0 => 'IFD0:SensorTopBorder',
            1 => 'IFD0:SensorBottomBorder',
        },
        ValueConv => '$val[1] - $val[0]',
    },
);

# add our composite tags
Image::ExifTool::AddCompositeTags('Image::ExifTool::PanasonicRaw');


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# checksum algorithm for lens distortion correction information (ref 3)
# Inputs: 0) data ref, 1) start position, 2) number of bytes, 3) incement
# Returns: checksum value
sub Checksum($$$$)
{
    my ($dataPt, $start, $num, $inc) = @_;
    my $csum = 0;
    my $i;
    for ($i=0; $i<$num; ++$i) {
        $csum = (73 * $csum + Get8u($dataPt, $start + $i * $inc)) % 0xffef;
    }
    return $csum;
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Read lens distortion information
# Inputs: 0) ExifTool ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
# Returns: 1 on success
sub ProcessDistortionInfo($$$)
{
    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
    my $start = $$dirInfo{DirStart} || 0;
    my $size = $$dirInfo{DirLen} || (length($$dataPt) - $start);
    if ($size == 32) {
        # verify the checksums (ref 3)
        my $csum1 = Checksum($dataPt, $start +  4, 12, 1);
        my $csum2 = Checksum($dataPt, $start + 16, 12, 1);
        my $csum3 = Checksum($dataPt, $start +  2, 14, 2);
        my $csum4 = Checksum($dataPt, $start +  3, 14, 2);
        my $res = $csum1 ^ Get16u($dataPt, $start + 2) ^
                  $csum2 ^ Get16u($dataPt, $start + 28) ^
                  $csum3 ^ Get16u($dataPt, $start + 0) ^
                  $csum4 ^ Get16u($dataPt, $start + 30);
        $et->Warn('Invalid DistortionInfo checksum',1) if $res;
    } else {
        $et->Warn('Invalid DistortionInfo',1);
    }
    return $et->ProcessBinaryData($dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Write lens distortion information
# Inputs: 0) ExifTool ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
# Returns: updated distortion information or undef on error
sub WriteDistortionInfo($$$)
{
    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
    $et or return 1;  # (allow dummy access)
    my $dat = $et->WriteBinaryData($dirInfo, $tagTablePtr);
    if (defined $dat and length($dat) == 32) {
        # fix checksums (ref 3)
        Set16u(Checksum(\$dat,  4, 12, 1), \$dat,  2);
        Set16u(Checksum(\$dat, 16, 12, 1), \$dat, 28);
        Set16u(Checksum(\$dat,  2, 14, 2), \$dat,  0);
        Set16u(Checksum(\$dat,  3, 14, 2), \$dat, 30);
    } else {
        $et->Warn('Error wriing DistortionInfo',1);
    }
    return $dat;
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Patch for writing non-standard Panasonic RAW/RW2/RWL raw data
# Inputs: 0) offset info ref, 1) raf ref, 2) IFD number
# Returns: error string, or undef on success
# OffsetInfo is a hash by tag ID of lists with the following elements:
#  0 - tag info ref
#  1 - pointer to int32u offset in IFD or value data
#  2 - value count
#  3 - reference to list of original offset values
#  4 - IFD format number
sub PatchRawDataOffset($$$)
{
    my ($offsetInfo, $raf, $ifd) = @_;
    my $stripOffsets = $$offsetInfo{0x111};
    my $stripByteCounts = $$offsetInfo{0x117};
    my $rawDataOffset = $$offsetInfo{0x118};
    my $err;
    $err = 1 unless $ifd == 0;
    $err = 1 unless $stripOffsets and $stripByteCounts and $$stripOffsets[2] == 1;
    if ($rawDataOffset) {
        $err = 1 unless $$rawDataOffset[2] == 1;
        $err = 1 unless $$stripOffsets[3][0] == 0xffffffff or $$stripByteCounts[3][0] == 0;
    }
    $err and return 'Unsupported Panasonic/Leica RAW variant';
    if ($rawDataOffset) {
        # update StripOffsets along with this tag if it contains a reasonable value
        unless ($$stripOffsets[3][0] == 0xffffffff) {
            # save pointer to StripOffsets value for updating later
            push @$rawDataOffset, $$stripOffsets[1];
        }
        # handle via RawDataOffset instead of StripOffsets
        $stripOffsets = $$offsetInfo{0x111} = $rawDataOffset;
        delete $$offsetInfo{0x118};
    }
    # determine the length of the raw data
    my $pos = $raf->Tell();
    $raf->Seek(0, 2) or $err = 1; # seek to end of file
    my $len = $raf->Tell() - $$stripOffsets[3][0];
    $raf->Seek($pos, 0);
    # quick check to be sure the raw data length isn't unreasonable
    # (the 22-byte length is for '<Dummy raw image data>' in our tests)
    $err = 1 if ($len < 1000 and $len != 22) or $len & 0x80000000;
    $err and return 'Error reading Panasonic raw data';
    # update StripByteCounts info with raw data length
    # (note that the original value is maintained in the file)
    $$stripByteCounts[3][0] = $len;

    return undef;
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Write meta information to Panasonic JpgFromRaw in RAW/RW2/RWL image
# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
# Returns: updated image data, or undef if nothing changed
sub WriteJpgFromRaw($$$)
{
    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
    my $byteOrder = GetByteOrder();
    my $fileType = $$et{TIFF_TYPE};   # RAW, RW2 or RWL
    my $dirStart = $$dirInfo{DirStart};
    if ($dirStart) { # DirStart is non-zero in DNG-converted RW2/RWL
        my $dirLen = $$dirInfo{DirLen} | length($$dataPt) - $dirStart;
        my $buff = substr($$dataPt, $dirStart, $dirLen);
        $dataPt = \$buff;
    }
    my $raf = new File::RandomAccess($dataPt);
    my $outbuff;
    my %dirInfo = (
        RAF => $raf,
        OutFile => \$outbuff,
    );
    $$et{BASE} = $$dirInfo{DataPos};
    $$et{FILE_TYPE} = $$et{TIFF_TYPE} = 'JPEG';
    # use a specialized map so we don't write XMP or IPTC (or other junk) into the JPEG
    my $editDirs = $$et{EDIT_DIRS};
    my $addDirs = $$et{ADD_DIRS};
    $et->InitWriteDirs(\%jpgFromRawMap);
    # don't add XMP segment (IPTC won't get added because it is in Photoshop record)
    delete $$et{ADD_DIRS}{XMP};
    my $result = $et->WriteJPEG(\%dirInfo);
    # restore variables we changed
    $$et{BASE} = 0;
    $$et{FILE_TYPE} = 'TIFF';
    $$et{TIFF_TYPE} = $fileType;
    $$et{EDIT_DIRS} = $editDirs;
    $$et{ADD_DIRS} = $addDirs;
    SetByteOrder($byteOrder);
    return $result > 0 ? $outbuff : $$dataPt;
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Extract meta information from an Panasonic JpgFromRaw
# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) dirInfo reference
# Returns: 1 on success, 0 if this wasn't a valid JpgFromRaw image
sub ProcessJpgFromRaw($$$)
{
    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
    my $byteOrder = GetByteOrder();
    my $fileType = $$et{TIFF_TYPE};   # RAW, RW2 or RWL
    my $tagInfo = $$dirInfo{TagInfo};
    my $verbose = $et->Options('Verbose');
    my ($indent, $out);
    $tagInfo or $et->Warn('No tag info for Panasonic JpgFromRaw'), return 0;
    my $dirStart = $$dirInfo{DirStart};
    if ($dirStart) { # DirStart is non-zero in DNG-converted RW2/RWL
        my $dirLen = $$dirInfo{DirLen} | length($$dataPt) - $dirStart;
        my $buff = substr($$dataPt, $dirStart, $dirLen);
        $dataPt = \$buff;
    }
    $$et{BASE} = $$dirInfo{DataPos} + ($dirStart || 0);
    $$et{FILE_TYPE} = $$et{TIFF_TYPE} = 'JPEG';
    $$et{DOC_NUM} = 1;
    # extract information from embedded JPEG
    my %dirInfo = (
        Parent => 'RAF',
        RAF    => new File::RandomAccess($dataPt),
    );
    if ($verbose) {
        my $indent = $$et{INDENT};
        $$et{INDENT} = '  ';
        $out = $et->Options('TextOut');
        print $out '--- DOC1:JpgFromRaw ',('-'x56),"\n";
    }
    my $rtnVal = $et->ProcessJPEG(\%dirInfo);
    # restore necessary variables for continued RW2/RWL processing
    $$et{BASE} = 0;
    $$et{FILE_TYPE} = 'TIFF';
    $$et{TIFF_TYPE} = $fileType;
    delete $$et{DOC_NUM};
    SetByteOrder($byteOrder);
    if ($verbose) {
        $$et{INDENT} = $indent;
        print $out ('-'x76),"\n";
    }
    return $rtnVal;
}

1;  # end

__END__

=head1 NAME

Image::ExifTool::PanasonicRaw - Read/write Panasonic/Leica RAW/RW2/RWL meta information

=head1 SYNOPSIS

This module is loaded automatically by Image::ExifTool when required.

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module contains definitions required by Image::ExifTool to read and
write meta information in Panasonic/Leica RAW, RW2 and RWL images.

=head1 AUTHOR

Copyright 2003-2018, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.

=head1 REFERENCES

=over 4

=item L<http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/>

=back

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/PanasonicRaw Tags>,
L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>

=cut
