ID   CALM_HUMAN     STANDARD;      PRT;   148 AA.
AC   P62158; P02593; P70667; P99014; Q61379; Q61380;
DT   21-JUL-1986 (Rel. 01, Created)
DT   21-JUL-1986 (Rel. 01, Last sequence update)
DT   01-OCT-2004 (Rel. 45, Last annotation update)
DE   Calmodulin (CaM).
GN   Name=CALM1; Synonyms=CAM1, CALM, CAM;
GN   and
GN   Name=CALM2; Synonyms=CAM2, CAMB;
GN   and
GN   Name=CALM3; Synonyms=CAM3, CAMC;
OS   Homo sapiens (Human).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC   Mammalia; Eutheria; Primates; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN   [1]
RP   SEQUENCE, ACETYLATION SITE ALA-1, AND METHYLATION SITE LYS-115.
RC   TISSUE=Brain;
RX   MEDLINE=82231946; PubMed=7093203;
RA   Sasagawa T., Ericsson L.H., Walsh K.A., Schreiber W.E., Fischer E.H.,
RA   Titani K.;
RT   "Complete amino acid sequence of human brain calmodulin.";
RL   Biochemistry 21:2565-2569(1982).
RN   [2]
RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A.
RX   MEDLINE=89034207; PubMed=3182832;
RA   Fischer R., Koller M., Flura M., Mathews S., Strehler-Page M.A.,
RA   Krebs J., Penniston J.T., Carafoli E., Strehler E.E.;
RT   "Multiple divergent mRNAs code for a single human calmodulin.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 263:17055-17062(1988).
RN   [3]
RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A.
RX   MEDLINE=88059053; PubMed=2445749;
RA   Sengupta B., Friedberg F., Detera-Wadleigh S.D.;
RT   "Molecular analysis of human and rat calmodulin complementary DNA
RT   clones. Evidence for additional active genes in these species.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 262:16663-16670(1987).
RN   [4]
RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A.
RX   MEDLINE=85022688; PubMed=6385987;
RA   Wawrzynczak E.J., Perham R.N.;
RT   "Isolation and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding human
RT   calmodulin.";
RL   Biochem. Int. 9:177-185(1984).
RN   [5]
RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A. (CALM1).
RC   TISSUE=Blood;
RX   MEDLINE=95010144; PubMed=7925473;
RA   Rhyner J.A., Ottiger M., Wicki R., Greenwood T.M., Strehler E.E.;
RT   "Structure of the human CALM1 calmodulin gene and identification of
RT   two CALM1-related pseudogenes CALM1P1 and CALM1P2.";
RL   Eur. J. Biochem. 225:71-82(1994).
RN   [6]
RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A.
RC   TISSUE=Lymphoma;
RA   Kato S.;
RL   Submitted (FEB-1995) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [7]
RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A. (CALM2).
RX   MEDLINE=98346173; PubMed=9681195;
RA   Toutenhoofd S.L., Foletti D., Wicki R., Rhyner J.A., Garcia F.,
RA   Tolon R., Strehler E.E.;
RT   "Characterization of the human CALM2 calmodulin gene and comparison of
RT   the transcriptional activity of CALM1, CALM2 and CALM3.";
RL   Cell Calcium 23:323-338(1998).
RN   [8]
RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A.
RA   Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S.,
RA   Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y.,
RA   Phelan M., Farmer A.;
RT   "Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor
RT   vector.";
RL   Submitted (MAY-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [9]
RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A. (CALM1).
RX   MEDLINE=22459283; PubMed=12508121; DOI=10.1038/nature01348;
RA   Heilig R., Eckenberg R., Petit J.-L., Fonknechten N., Da Silva C.,
RA   Cattolico L., Levy M., Barbe V., De Berardinis V., Ureta-Vidal A.,
RA   Pelletier E., Vico V., Anthouard V., Rowen L., Madan A., Qin S.,
RA   Sun H., Du H., Pepin K., Artiguenave F., Robert C., Cruaud C.,
RA   Bruels T., Jaillon O., Friedlander L., Samson G., Brottier P.,
RA   Cure S., Segurens B., Aniere F., Samain S., Crespeau H., Abbasi N.,
RA   Aiach N., Boscus D., Dickhoff R., Dors M., Dubois I., Friedman C.,
RA   Gouyvenoux M., James R., Madan A., Mairey-Estrada B., Mangenot S.,
RA   Martins N., Menard M., Oztas S., Ratcliffe A., Shaffer T., Trask B.,
RA   Vacherie B., Bellemere C., Belser C., Besnard-Gonnet M.,
RA   Bartol-Mavel D., Boutard M., Briez-Silla S., Combette S.,
RA   Dufosse-Laurent V., Ferron C., Lechaplais C., Louesse C., Muselet D.,
RA   Magdelenat G., Pateau E., Petit E., Sirvain-Trukniewicz P., Trybou A.,
RA   Vega-Czarny N., Bataille E., Bluet E., Bordelais I., Dubois M.,
RA   Dumont C., Guerin T., Haffray S., Hammadi R., Muanga J., Pellouin V.,
RA   Robert D., Wunderle E., Gauguet G., Roy A., Sainte-Marthe L.,
RA   Verdier J., Verdier-Discala C., Hillier L.W., Fulton L., McPherson J.,
RA   Matsuda F., Wilson R., Scarpelli C., Gyapay G., Wincker P., Saurin W.,
RA   Quetier F., Waterston R., Hood L., Weissenbach J.;
RT   "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14.";
RL   Nature 421:601-607(2003).
RN   [10]
RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A.
RC   TISSUE=Brain, Lung, Lymph, Placenta, and Urinary bladder;
RX   MEDLINE=22388257; PubMed=12477932; DOI=10.1073/pnas.242603899;
RA   Strausberg R.L., Feingold E.A., Grouse L.H., Derge J.G.,
RA   Klausner R.D., Collins F.S., Wagner L., Shenmen C.M., Schuler G.D.,
RA   Altschul S.F., Zeeberg B., Buetow K.H., Schaefer C.F., Bhat N.K.,
RA   Hopkins R.F., Jordan H., Moore T., Max S.I., Wang J., Hsieh F.,
RA   Diatchenko L., Marusina K., Farmer A.A., Rubin G.M., Hong L.,
RA   Stapleton M., Soares M.B., Bonaldo M.F., Casavant T.L., Scheetz T.E.,
RA   Brownstein M.J., Usdin T.B., Toshiyuki S., Carninci P., Prange C.,
RA   Raha S.S., Loquellano N.A., Peters G.J., Abramson R.D., Mullahy S.J.,
RA   Bosak S.A., McEwan P.J., McKernan K.J., Malek J.A., Gunaratne P.H.,
RA   Richards S., Worley K.C., Hale S., Garcia A.M., Gay L.J., Hulyk S.W.,
RA   Villalon D.K., Muzny D.M., Sodergren E.J., Lu X., Gibbs R.A.,
RA   Fahey J., Helton E., Ketteman M., Madan A., Rodrigues S., Sanchez A.,
RA   Whiting M., Madan A., Young A.C., Shevchenko Y., Bouffard G.G.,
RA   Blakesley R.W., Touchman J.W., Green E.D., Dickson M.C.,
RA   Rodriguez A.C., Grimwood J., Schmutz J., Myers R.M.,
RA   Butterfield Y.S.N., Krzywinski M.I., Skalska U., Smailus D.E.,
RA   Schnerch A., Schein J.E., Jones S.J.M., Marra M.A.;
RT   "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human
RT   and mouse cDNA sequences.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:16899-16903(2002).
RN   [11]
RP   STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 94-103.
RX   PubMed=9927666;
RA   Siedlecka M., Goch G., Ejchart A., Sticht H., Bierzyski A.;
RT   "Alpha-helix nucleation by a calcium-binding peptide loop.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96:903-908(1999).
RN   [12]
RP   STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 1-76 AND 82-148.
RX   PubMed=11685248; DOI=10.1038/nsb1101-990;
RA   Chou J.J., Li S., Klee C.B., Bax A.;
RT   "Solution structure of Ca(2+)-calmodulin reveals flexible hand-like
RT   properties of its domains.";
RL   Nat. Struct. Biol. 8:990-997(2001).
RN   [13]
RP   X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.7 ANGSTROMS).
RX   PubMed=1474585;
RA   Chattopadhyaya R., Meador W.E., Means A.R., Quiocho F.A.;
RT   "Calmodulin structure refined at 1.7 A resolution.";
RL   J. Mol. Biol. 228:1177-1192(1992).
RN   [14]
RP   X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.45 ANGSTROMS).
RX   PubMed=7803388;
RA   Cook W.J., Walter L.J., Walter M.R.;
RT   "Drug binding by calmodulin: crystal structure of a calmodulin-
RT   trifluoperazine complex.";
RL   Biochemistry 33:15259-15265(1994).
RN   [15]
RP   X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.75 ANGSTROMS) OF 5-148.
RX   MEDLINE=21666515; PubMed=11807546; DOI=10.1038/415396a;
RA   Drum C.L., Yan S.-Z., Bard J., Shen Y.Q., Lu D., Soelaiman S.,
RA   Grabarek Z., Bohm A., Tang W.-J.;
RT   "Structural basis for the activation of anthrax adenylyl cyclase
RT   exotoxin by calmodulin.";
RL   Nature 415:396-402(2002).
RN   [16]
RP   X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (3.6 ANGSTROMS) OF 1-148.
RX   PubMed=12485993;
RA   Shen Y., Lee Y.-S., Soelaiman S., Bergson P., Lu D., Chen A.,
RA   Beckingham K., Grabarek Z., Mrksich M., Tang W.-J.;
RT   "Physiological calcium concentrations regulate calmodulin binding and
RT   catalysis of adenylyl cyclase exotoxins.";
RL   EMBO J. 21:6721-6732(2002).
RN   [17]
RP   X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.0 ANGSTROMS).
RX   PubMed=12577052; DOI=10.1038/nsb900;
RA   Yamauchi E., Nakatsu T., Matsubara M., Kato H., Taniguchi H.;
RT   "Crystal structure of a MARCKS peptide containing the calmodulin-
RT   binding domain in complex with Ca2+-calmodulin.";
RL   Nat. Struct. Biol. 10:226-231(2003).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of
CC       enzymes by Ca(2+). Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the
CC       calmodulin-Ca(2+) complex are a number of protein kinases and
CC       phosphatases.
CC   -!- PTM: Ubiquitylation results in a strongly decreased activity (By
CC       similarity).
CC   -!- PTM: Phosphorylation results in a decreased activity (By
CC       similarity).
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: This protein has four functional calcium-binding
CC       sites.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Contains 4 EF-hand calcium-binding domains.
CC   --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DR   EMBL; J04046; AAA51918.1; -.
DR   EMBL; M19311; AAA35641.1; -.
DR   EMBL; M27319; AAA35635.1; -.
DR   EMBL; U12022; AAB60644.1; -.
DR   EMBL; U11886; AAB60644.1; JOINED.
DR   EMBL; D45887; BAA08302.1; -.
DR   EMBL; U94728; AAC83174.1; -.
DR   EMBL; U94725; AAC83174.1; JOINED.
DR   EMBL; U94726; AAC83174.1; JOINED.
DR   EMBL; BT006818; AAP35464.1; -.
DR   EMBL; BT006855; AAP35501.1; -.
DR   EMBL; BT009916; AAP88918.1; -.
DR   EMBL; AC006536; AAD45181.1; -.
DR   EMBL; BC000454; AAH00454.1; -.
DR   EMBL; BC003354; AAH03354.1; -.
DR   EMBL; BC005137; AAH05137.1; -.
DR   EMBL; BC006464; AAH06464.1; -.
DR   EMBL; BC008597; AAH08597.1; -.
DR   EMBL; BC011834; AAH11834.1; -.
DR   EMBL; BC017385; AAH17385.1; -.
DR   EMBL; BC018677; AAH18677.1; -.
DR   EMBL; BC026065; AAH26065.1; -.
DR   EMBL; BC047523; AAH47523.1; -.
DR   PIR; S48728; MCHU.
DR   PDB; 1AJI; 17-SEP-97.
DR   PDB; 1CLL; 31-OCT-93.
DR   PDB; 1CTR; 20-DEC-94.
DR   PDB; 1IWQ; 11-MAR-03.
DR   PDB; 1J7O; 07-NOV-01.
DR   PDB; 1J7P; 07-NOV-01.
DR   PDB; 1K90; 23-JAN-02.
DR   PDB; 1K93; 23-JAN-02.
DR   PDB; 1LVC; 04-DEC-02.
DR   PDB; 1NKF; 23-MAR-99.
DR   SWISS-2DPAGE; P62158; HUMAN.
DR   Aarhus/Ghent-2DPAGE; 9048; IEF.
DR   OGP; P02593; -.
DR   Genew; HGNC:1442; CALM1.
DR   Genew; HGNC:1445; CALM2.
DR   Genew; HGNC:1449; CALM3.
DR   Reactome; P62158; -.
DR   MIM; 114180; -.
DR   MIM; 114182; -.
DR   MIM; 114183; -.
DR   GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; TAS.
DR   GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; TAS.
DR   GO; GO:0005509; F:calcium ion binding; TAS.
DR   GO; GO:0005515; F:protein binding; NAS.
DR   GO; GO:0007186; P:G-protein coupled receptor protein signalin...; TAS.
DR   InterPro; IPR002048; EF-hand.
DR   Pfam; PF00036; efhand; 4.
DR   PRINTS; PR00450; RECOVERIN.
DR   ProDom; PD000012; EF-hand; 2.
DR   PROSITE; PS00018; EF_HAND; 4.
KW   3D-structure; Acetylation; Calcium-binding; Direct protein sequencing;
KW   Methylation; Phosphorylation; Repeat; Ubl conjugation.
FT   INIT_MET      0      0
FT   MOD_RES       1      1       N-acetylalanine.
FT   CA_BIND      20     31       EF-hand 1.
FT   CA_BIND      56     67       EF-hand 2.
FT   CA_BIND      93    104       EF-hand 3.
FT   CA_BIND     129    140       EF-hand 4.
FT   BINDING      21     21       Ubiquitin (multi-) (By similarity).
FT   MOD_RES      44     44       Phosphothreonine (by CaMK4) (By
FT                                similarity).
FT   MOD_RES     115    115       N6,N6,N6-trimethyllysine.
FT   HELIX         6     18
FT   TURN         21     22
FT   TURN         29     30
FT   HELIX        33     36
FT   TURN         37     40
FT   TURN         45     46
FT   HELIX        47     54
FT   TURN         55     55
FT   HELIX        66     72
FT   TURN         73     74
FT   HELIX        75     77
FT   TURN         78     78
FT   TURN         81     81
FT   HELIX        82     92
FT   TURN         94     95
FT   STRAND       99    100
FT   HELIX       102    111
FT   TURN        112    113
FT   HELIX       118    128
FT   STRAND      136    137
FT   HELIX       138    146
SQ   SEQUENCE   148 AA;  16706 MW;  464B8A287475A1CA CRC64;
     ADQLTEEQIA EFKEAFSLFD KDGDGTITTK ELGTVMRSLG QNPTEAELQD MINEVDADGN
     GTIDFPEFLT MMARKMKDTD SEEEIREAFR VFDKDGNGYI SAAELRHVMT NLGEKLTDEE
     VDEMIREADI DGDGQVNYEE FVQMMTAK
//
