## Cosmo

### Description

This tools retrieves promoter sequences for a set of genes and finds shared sequence motifs in them. Currently the tool works only for human, mouse, rat, drosophila and yeast genes.

### Parameters

- Species (human, mouse, rat, drosophila, yeast) [human]
- Promoter size (small, medium, large) [small]
- Analyze strands (single, both) [single]
- Motif appears more than once per sequence (yes, no) [no]
- Number of motifs to return (1-100) [10]
- Percentage of sequences the motif should appear in (1-100) [50]
- Transcription factor binding site size (small, medium) [small]

### Details

This tool retrieves upstream sequences for the specified genes and submits them to the Cosmo program. It needs to access the chip-specific annotations, so if you have not specified the chiptype during normalization of, e.g., Illumina data, it will not work. RefSeq IDs are used for retrieving promoter sequences constructed and annotated by UCSC genome browser staff. The same promoter sequences can be downloaded as a single FastA-formatted file from UCSC Golden Path folder. User can define how long promoter sequences are used for the analysis:

    		Human		Mouse		Rat		Drosophila	Yeast
    Small		1000 bp		1000 bp		1000 bp		1000 bp 	500 bp
    Medium		2000 bp		2000 bp		2000 bp		2000 bp		1000 bp
    Large		5000 bp		5000 bp		5000 bp		5000 bp		2500 bp

After retrieving the promoter sequences, they are submitted to the Cosmo program that finds common motifs (putative transcription factor binding sites). Cosmo can find motifs of two different sizes. The sizes are the same for all species. The length of the common motif and the number of allowed mismatches in the motifs varies with the setting:

    			Length		Mismatches
    Small			6		1
    			8		2
    Medium			10		3

In addition, the user can define:

- whether both strands of DNA should be searched for the common motifs
- how many times (none or once, several) the motif is expected to appear on every sequence
- how many motifs to return
- in how many of the sequences the motif should appear to be reported.

### Output

Tool returns a specified number of common motifs written to an HTML file. These can then be further analyzed to verify whether they are known transcription factor binding sites.

### References

This tool uses Bioconductor package cosmo. Please cite the article:

O. Bembom, S. Kele¸s, and M.J. van der Laan. Supervised detection of conserved motifs in DNA sequences with cosmo. Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology: Vol. 6 : Iss. 1, Article 8. URL http://www.bepress.com/sagmb/vol6/iss1/art8.

### Notes

The use of this tool is allowed for research purposes only.