Fraus

Fraus Walker, 1856

Fraus Walker, 1856; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 7: 1549 (key), 1564; TS: Fraus simulans Walker
Hectomanes Meyrick, 1890; Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) 4 (4): 1118 (key), 1125 (repl. Fraus Walker, 1856); TS: Fraus simulans Walker
- = Fraus; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 116

Fraus; [LepIndex]; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Fraus ("Hepialidae"); [AUCL]
Fraus (Hepialidae); Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 116
Hectomanes; [NHM-BMW]
Praus[sic, Fraus]; Pagenstecher, 1909

Fraus minima Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus minima Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 123; TL: Australia
- Fraus minima; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 120; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Fraus megacornis Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus megacornis Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 125; TL: Australia
- Fraus megacornis; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 120; [LepIndex] ; [iNaturalist]
Fraus bilineata Walker, 1865 Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus bilineata Walker, 1865; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 32: 595; TL: Adelaine
- Hectomanes compsenta Lower, 1892; (nomen nudum)
  - = ; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list)
- Fraus bilineata; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 117; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Fraus basicornis Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus basicornis Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 127; TL: Australia
- Fraus basicornis; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 116; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Fraus tedi Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus tedi Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 129; TL: Australia
- Fraus tedi; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 122; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
Fraus quadrangula Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus quadrangula Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 130
- Fraus quadrangula; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 122; [LepIndex] ; [iNaturalist]
Fraus marginispina Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus marginispina Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 132; TL: Australia
- Fraus marginispina; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 119; [LepIndex] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
Fraus orientalis Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus orientalis Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 133; TL: New South Wales
- Fraus orientalis; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 120; [LepIndex] ; [iNaturalist]
Fraus pteromela (Lower, 1892) S.Australia. See [maps]
- Hectomanes pteromela Lower, 1892; Trans. R. Soc. S. Austr. 15: 5; TL: S.Australia
- Fraus pteromela; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 121; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
Fraus serrata Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus serrata Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 137
- Fraus serrata; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 122; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Fraus latistria Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Tasmania
- Fraus latistria Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 138; TL: Tasmania
- Fraus latistria; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 119; [LepIndex] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
Fraus linogyna Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus linogyna Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 139; TL: Australia
- Fraus linogyna; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 119; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
Fraus distispina Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus distispina Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 141; TL: Australia
- Fraus distispina; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 117; [LepIndex] ; [iNaturalist]
Fraus mediaspina Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus mediaspina Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 142; TL: Australia
- Fraus mediaspina; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 119; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Fraus biloba Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Australai
- Fraus biloba Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 143; TL: Australia
- Fraus biloba; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 117; [LepIndex] ; [iNaturalist]
Fraus basidispina Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus basidispina Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 145; TL: Australia
- Fraus basidispina; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 116; [LepIndex] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
Fraus nanus (Herrich-Schäffer, [1853]) AU. See [maps]
- Epiolus nanus Herrich-Schäffer, [1853]; Samml. aussereurop. Schmett. (I) 1 (3): pl. 10, f. 46
- Fraus nanus; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 120; [LepIndex] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
Fraus furcata Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus furcata Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 148; TL: Western Australia, 7 km S by E of Albany
- Fraus furcata; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 118; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Fraus pilosa Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus pilosa Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 150; TL: Australia
- Fraus pilosa; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 121; [LepIndex] ; [iNaturalist]
Fraus fusca (Lucas, 1891) Tasmania, Australia. See [maps]
- Hectomanes fusca Lucas, 1891; Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) 6 (2): 283; TL: Australia, Victoria, Gippsland, Moe
- Hectomanes rufula Turner, 1927; Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 1926: 163; TL: Hobart, Tasmania; Launceston, Tasmania; Gisborne, Victoria
  - = ; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 118
- Fraus fusca; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 118; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
- Fraus rufula; [LepIndex]
Fraus crocea (Lucas, 1891) Australia. See [maps]
- Hectomanes crocea Lucas, 1891; Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) 6 (2): 283; TL: Australia
- Fraus crocea; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 117; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
Fraus simulans Walker, 1856 Tasmania, Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus simulans Walker, 1856; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 7: 1564; TL: Tasmania
- Hectomanes noserodes Meyrick, 1890; Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) 4 (4): 1126; TL: Sydney
  - = ; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); [AUCL]; Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 122
- Fraus noserodes; [LepIndex]
- Fraus simulans; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 122; [LepIndex] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
Fraus polyspila (Meyrick, 1890) Australia (Victoria). See [maps]
- Hectomanes polyspila Meyrick, 1890; Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) 4 (4): 1127; TL: Victoria
- Fraus polyspila; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 121; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
Fraus griseomaculata Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989 Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus griseomaculata Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989; Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 161; TL: Australia
- Fraus griseomaculata; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 117; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]
Fraus pelagia (Turner, 1927) Tasmania
- Hectomanes pelagia Turner, 1927; Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 1926: 164; TL: Tasmania
- Fraus pelagia; [AUCL]; Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000, J. Nat. Hist. 34: 835 (list); Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 121; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Fraus extremapodus Beaver & Moore, 2020 W.Australia. See [maps]
- Fraus extremapodus Beaver & Moore, 2020; Austr. Ent. 47: 42; TL: Western Australia, Walpole, 34°58'35.4S 116°42'38.9
- Fraus extremapodus; Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023, ZooNova 28: 118; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Don Herbison-Evans]

15.9.2023 (26)

References:

[CoL] Catalogue of Life
Bánki, O., Roskov, Y., Döring, M., Ower, G., Hernández Robles, D. R., Plata Corredor, C. A., Stjernegaard Jeppesen, T., Örn, A., Vandepitte, L., Hobern, D., Schalk, P., DeWalt, R. E., Ma, K., Miller, J., Orrell, T., Aalbu, R., Abbott, J., Adlard, R., Aedo, C., et al. (2024). Catalogue of Life Checklist (Version 2024-03-26); https://doi.org/10.48580/dfz8d
[Don Herbison-Evans] and Stella A. Crossley
Australian Caterpillars and their Butterflies and Moths
[LepIndex] Global Lepidoptera Index
Beccaloni, G., Scoble, M., Kitching, I., Simonsen, T., Robinson, G., Pitkin, B., Hine, A., Lyal, C., Ollerenshaw, J., Wing, P., & Hobern, D. (2024). Global Lepidoptera Index. In O. Bánki, Y. Roskov, M. Döring, G. Ower, D. R. Hernández Robles, C. A. Plata Corredor, T. Stjernegaard Jeppesen, A. Örn, L. Vandepitte, D. Hobern, P. Schalk, R. E. DeWalt, K. Ma, J. Miller, T. Orrell, R. Aalbu, J. Abbott, R. Adlard, C. Aedo, et al., Catalogue of Life Checklist (1.1.24.106); https://doi.org/10.48580/dg4lg-49xk
[NHM-BMW] Natural History Museum
Butterflies and Moths of the World; Generic Names and their Type-species
[UTAS] University of Tasmania
The Library Open Repository
[iNaturalist]
iNaturalist
[maps]
Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

Some related literature:

Beaver & Moore, 2020
A new species of Fraus Walker, 1856 (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) from the south-west of Western Australia Austr. Ent. 47 : 39-50
Grehan, Mielke, Turner & Nielsen, 2023
A revised world catalogue of Ghost Moths (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) with taxonomic and biological annotations ZooNova 28 : 1-337
Herrich-Schäffer, [1853]
Sammlung neuer oder wenig bekannter aussereuropäischer Schmetterlinge, 1850-[1869]: Heterocera (Nachfalter) Samml. aussereurop. Schmett. (I) 1 (1): pl. 1-4, f. 1-17 (1853), 1 (2): pl. 5-8, f. 18-38 (1853), 1 (3): pl. 9-12, f. 39-51 (1853), 1 (4): pl. 13-16, f. 52-76 (1853), 1 (5): pl. 17-20, f. 77-97 (1854), 1 (6): pl. 21-24, f. 98-114 (1854), 1 (7): pl. [25-28], f. 115-138 (1854), 1 (8): pl. [29-32], f. 139-153 (1854), 1 (9): pl. [33-36], f. 154-173 (1854), 1 (10): pl. [37-40], f. 174-201 (1854), 1 (11): pl. [41-44], f. 202-231 (1854), 1 (12): pl. [45-48], f. 232-258 (1854), 1 (13-17): pl. 49-68, f. 259-390 (1855), 1 (?18): pl. [69], f. 391-396 (1858), 1 (?19): pl. [70], f. 397-403 (1858), 1 (?20-21): pl. 71-78, f. 404-451 (1855), 1 (?22): pl. [79], f. 452-458 (1858), 1 (23-25): pl. 80-94, f. 459-540 (1856), 1 (26): pl. [95-96], f. 541-551 (1858), 1: 1-52 (1856), 1: 53-84 (1858), 2: pl. [97-100], f. 552-571 (1869)
Lower, 1892
Descriptions of New South Australian Lepidoptera Trans. R. Soc. S. Austr. 15 : 5-17
Lucas, 1891
On Queensland and other Australian Lepidoptera, with Description of New Species Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) 6 (2) : 277-306
Meyrick, 1890
Revision of Australian Lepidoptera. III Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) 4 (4) : 1117-1216
Nielsen & Kristensen, 1989
Primitive Ghost Moths Monogr. Austral. Lepid. 1: 1-206
[AUCL]; Nielsen & Rangsi, 1996
Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia Monogr. Aust. Lepid. 4: 1-529
Nielsen, Robinson & Wagner, 2000
Ghostmoths of the world: a global inventory and bibliography of the Exoporia J. Nat. Hist. 34 : 823-878
Turner, 1927
New and little known Tasmanian Lepidoptera, Part II Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 1926 : 119-164
Walker, 1856
List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 1: 1-278 (1854), 2: 279-581 (1854), 3: 583-775 (1855), 4: 777-976 (1855), 5: 977-1258 (1855), 6: 1259-1508 (1855), 7: 1509-1808 (1856)
Walker, 1865
List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 31: 1-322 ([1865]), 32: 323-706 (1865), 33: 707-1120 (1865), 34: 1121-1534 ([1866]), 35: 1535-2040 (1866)

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.

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