Caligo

Caligo Hübner, [1819] Owls

Caligo Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (4): 51; TS: Papilio eurilochus Cramer
Aerodes Billberg, 1820; Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb.: 79; TS: Papilio idomeneus Linnaeus
- = Caligo; [NL4A], 201
Pavonia Godart, [1824]; Encyclopédie Méthodique 9 (2): 807 (preocc. Pavonia Lamarck, 1816, Pavonia Hübner, [1819]); TS: Papilio idomeneus Linnaeus
- = Opsiphanes; [NL4A], 203 [?? ]

Aerodes; [NHM-BMW]
Caligo; Godman & Salvin, [1881], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 130; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW] ; [NHM-BMW]
Caligo (Brassolina); [NL4A], 201; Penz, 2007, Syst. Ent. 32: 680
Caligo (Brassolini); [Wahlberg, 2023]
Caligo (Caligoninae); Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 314
Pavonia; [NHM-BMW] ; [NHM-BMW]

682x640 (~97Kb) upperside Peru, Photo © D. Smirnov

681x640 (~129Kb) underside Peru, Photo © D. Smirnov

The exact identification of these species is still unknown, but tentatively assumed to belong into this group.

The eurilochus species-group

Caligo eurilochus (Cramer, [1775]) Mexico - Amazon Basin. See [maps]
- Papilio eurilochus Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 53, pl. 33, f. A; TL: Surinam
- Caligo eurilochus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 322; [EBW]; Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 147; [NL4A], #430; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]
- Caligo eurylochus[sic]; Godman & Salvin, [1881], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 131; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 665
625x720 (~94Kb) Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, April 2001), Photo © Erich Mangl 661x533 (~104Kb) Butterfly House (Vienna, Austria, April 2001), Photo © Erich Mangl

Larva on Calathea latifolia, Heychium sp., Heliconia latispatha, Musa sapientum Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 147
- C. e. eurilochus Surinam
  - Caligo euriloche Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (4): 51 (emend.)
    
    = ; [NL4A], #430a
  - Caligo eurilochus eurilochus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 323; [NL4A], #430a; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- C. e. livius Staudinger, [1886] Colombia, ...
  - Caligo livius Staudinger, [1886]; in Staudinger & Schatz, Exot. Schmett. 1 (17): 215, (13): pl. 74; TL: "Itaituba, Pebas, Shanusi, Chanchamayo, Chiriqui, Brasilien"
  - Caligo eurilochus andicolens Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389; TL: [Colombia]
    
    = ; [NL4A], #430c
  - Caligo eurilochus brasiliensis f. obliterata Dufrane, 1959; Bull. Soc. nat. Mons & Borinage 42 (3/4): (16-17); TL: Brazil
    
    = ; [NL4A], #430c
  - Caligo eurilochus livius; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #430c; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]
- C. e. delectans Joicey & Kaye, 1917 Venezuela
  - Caligo eurilochus delectans Joicey & Kaye, 1917; Ent. Rec. J. Var. 29 (9): 181; TL: Venezuela, Patao Guiria
  - Caligo eurilochus delectans; [NL4A], #430b; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [BOA]
- C. e. mattogrossensis Ribeiro, 1931 Brazil(Rondônia)
  - eurilochus mattogrossensis Ribeiro, 1931; Bol. Mus. nac. Rio de Janeiro 7 (1): 31; TL: Brazil, Rondônia
  - Caligo eurilochus mattogrossensis; [NL4A], #430d; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [BOA]
- C. e. pallidus Fruhstorfer, 1904 Bolivia
  - Caligo eurilochus pallidus Fruhstorfer, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21 (16): 125; TL: Bolivia
  - Caligo eurilochus pallidus Fruhstorfer, 1912; ; TL: Bolivia
  - Caligo eurilochus pallida; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo eurilochus pallidus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 323; [NL4A], #430e; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [BOA]
Caligo suzanna (Deyrolle, 1872) Colombia. See [maps]
- Pavonia suzanna Deyrolle, 1872; ; TL: Colombia
- Caligo eurilochus suzanna;
- Caligo suzanna; [NL4A], #440; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- Caligo teucer suzanna; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 317; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
Caligo brasiliensis (Felder, 1862) -. See [maps]
- Pavonia eurylochus var. brasiliensis Felder, 1862; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 12 (1/2): 476; TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
- Caligo brasiliensis; [NL4A], #428; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]
- C. b. brasiliensis Brazil(Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo)
  - Caligo eurilochus brasiliensis f. privata Fruhstorfer, 1912; Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 323; TL: Brazil(Espírito Santo)
    
    = ; [NL4A], #428a
  - Caligo brasiliensis brasiliensis; [NL4A], #428a; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  - Caligo brasiliensis privata; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo eurilochus brasiliensis; Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 147; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 323
  Larva on Euterpe edulis, Musa sapientum, Hedychium coronarium Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 147
- C. b. galba (Deyrolle, 1874) Colombia
  - Pavonia galba Deyrolle, 1874; Rev. Mag. Zool. applic. (3) 2: pl. 6-7; TL: Colombia
  - Caligo brasiliensis galba; [NL4A], #428c; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  - Caligo eurilochus galba; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 322
- C. b. caesius Stichel, 1903 Venezuela
  - Caligo eurilochus caesius Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389; TL: Venezuela
  - Caligo brasiliensis caesia; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo brasiliensis caesius; [NL4A], #428b; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist]
  - Caligo eurilochus caesia; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 323
- C. b. morpheus Stichel, 1903 Ecuador, Colombia
  - Caligo eurilochus morpheus Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389; TL: Ecuador,Colombia
  - Caligo brasiliensis morpheus; [NL4A], #428e; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  - Caligo eurilochus morpheus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 322; [EcuL]
- C. b. minor Kaye, 1904 Trinidad
  - Caligo eurylochus var. minor Kaye, 1904; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1904 (2): 165; TL: Trinidad
  - Caligo eurilochus phryasus Fruhstorfer, 1912; Ent. Rundschau 29 (2): 15; TL: Trinidad, "Maracasfall"
    
    = ; [NL4A], #428d
  - Caligo brasiliensis minor; [NL4A], #428d; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  - Caligo eurilochus phryasus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 322
- C. b. sulanus Fruhstorfer, 1904 Honduras, Guatemala, Panama
  - Caligo eurilochus sulanus Fruhstorfer, 1904; Soc. Ent. 18 (19): 145; TL: Honduras
  - Caligo brasiliensis sulana; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo brasiliensis sulanus; [NL4A], #428f; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  - Caligo eurilochus sulanus; Fruhstorfer, 1904, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 315; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 322; [BCR]: 256, pl. 45
  Larva on Heliconia , Calathea , Musa [BCR]
Caligo idomeneus (Linnaeus, 1758) Brazil, Surinam. See [maps]
- Papilio idomeneus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 464; TL: "America merdionali" [South America, Guianas?]
- Caligo idomeneus apollo; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
- Caligo idomeneus ibycus; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
- Caligo idomeneus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 324; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 28, f. 11; Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 147; [NL4A], #431; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
500x595 (~63Kb) Plate No. 60 © MERIAN

Larva on Heliconia latispatha, Calathea latifolia, Musa sp. Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 143,147
- C. i. idomeneus Brazil(Pará, ...)
  - Caligo idomeneus apollonidas Fruhstorfer, 1912; Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 324; TL: Brazil, Pará
    
    = ; [NL4A], #431a
  - Caligo idomeneus apollonidas; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo idomeneus idomeneus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 324; [NL4A], #431a; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [BOA]
- C. i. rhoetus Staudinger, [1886] Brazil(Pará, Amazonas)
  - Caligo idomeneus var. rhoetus Staudinger, [1886]; in Staudinger & Schatz, Exot. Schmett. 1 (17): 215; TL: Brazil, Pará; Amazonas
  - Caligo idomeneus rhoetus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 325; [NL4A], #431d; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [BOA]
- C. i. idomenides Fruhstorfer, 1903 Peru, Colombia, Bolivia
  - Caligo idomeneus idomenides Fruhstorfer, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (52): 413; TL: Peru
  - Caligo idomeneus superba f. praecana Stichel, 1908; Berl. ent. Z. 52 (3): 176; TL: Peru
    
    = ; [NL4A], #431c
  - Caligo idomeneus stratonides Fruhstorfer, 1912; Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 324; TL: Colombia
    
    = ; [NL4A], #431c
  - Caligo idomeneus hippolochus Fruhstorfer, 1912; Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 324; TL: Bolivia
    
    = ; [NL4A], #431c
  - Caligo idomeneus hippolochus; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo idomeneus idomenides; Fruhstorfer, 1904, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 317; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 324; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #431c; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  - Caligo idomeneus praecana; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 325; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
- C. i. ariphron Fruhstorfer, 1910 Brazil(Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais)
  - Caligo idomeneus ariphron Fruhstorfer, 1910; Ent. Zs. 24 (35): 194; TL: Brazil, Espírito Santo
  - Caligo idomeneus ibykus Fruhstorfer, 1910; Ent. Zs. 24 (35): 194; TL: Brazil, Minas Gerais
    
    = ; [NL4A], #431b
  - Caligo idomeneus ariphron; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 325; [NL4A], #431b; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [BOA]
  - Caligo idomeneus ibykus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 325
Caligo illioneus (Cramer, [1775]) Costa Rica - Amazon Basisn. See [maps]
- Papilio illioneus Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 81, pl. 51, f. A; TL: Surinam
- Caligo ilioneus[sic, illioneus?]; [EBW]
- Caligo ilioneus[sic, illioneus]; Godman & Salvin, [1881], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 133
- Caligo illioneus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 318; [NL4A], #432; Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 147; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]
Larva on Hedychium coronarium, Heliconia spp., Musa sapientum Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 147
- C. i. illioneus Surinam, Venezuela, Trinidad
  - Caligo illioneus polyxenus Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389; TL: Venezuela,"Ecuador"
    
    = ; [NL4A], #432a
  - Caligo saltus Kaye, 1904; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1904 (2): 165; TL: Trinidad
    
    = ; [NL4A], #432a
  - Caligo illioneus ilioneus[sic, illioneus]; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 319, pl. 64 c
  - Caligo illioneus illioneus; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (2): 93; [NL4A], #432a; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  - Caligo illioneus polyxenus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 319; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo illioneus saltus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 319; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
- C. i. oberon Butler, 1870 Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, Venezuela, Colombia
  - Caligo oberon Butler, 1870; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1870 (4): 488; TL: Venezuela,Colombia,"Brazil, Pernambuco","St. Vincent"
  - Caligo illioneus oberon; Fruhstorfer, 1904, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 313; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 318; [BCR]: 255, pl. 46; [EcuL]; Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 147; [NL4A], #432b; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]
  Larva on Heliconia , Musa [BCR], Sacharum spontaneum, Heliconia sp., Musa sp. Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 147
- C. i. pampeiro Fruhstorfer, 1904 Paraguay
  - Caligo illioneus pampeiro Fruhstorfer, 1904; Soc. Ent. 18 (19): 145; TL: Paraguay
  - Caligo illioneus pampeiro; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 319; Fruhstorfer, 1904, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 313; [NL4A], #432c; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- C. i. pheidriades Fruhstorfer, 1912 Bolivia
  - Caligo illioneus pheidriades Fruhstorfer, 1912; Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 319; TL: Bolivia
  - Caligo illioneus pheidriades; [NL4A], #432d; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- C. i. praxsiodus Fruhstorfer, 1912 Peru
  - Caligo illioneus praxsiodus Fruhstorfer, 1912; Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 318; TL: Peru
  - Caligo illioneus praxsiodus; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #432e; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [BOA]
  - Caligo praxsiodus; Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 148
  Larva on Saccharum officinarum Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 148
Caligo telamonius (C. & R. Felder, 1862) -. See [maps]
- Pavonia telamonius C. & R. Felder, 1862; Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (12): 422; TL: Colombia
- Caligo telamonius; Godman & Salvin, [1881], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 134, 3: pl. 14, f. 2-3; [NL4A], #441; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]
- C. t. telamonius Colombia, Venezuela
  - Pavonia meton Boisduval, 1870; (nom. nud.)
    
    = ; [NL4A], #441a
  - Caligo pavo Röber, 1904; Soc. Ent. 18 (19): 145; TL: Colombia
    
    = ; [NL4A], #441a
  - Caligo memnon peleus Stichel, 1904; Genera Insectorum 20: 37; TL: Venezuela
    
    = ; [NL4A], #441a
  - Caligo memnon pavo; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 322; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo memnon peleus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 321; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo memnon telamonius; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 321; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo telamonius telamonius; [NL4A], #441a; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [BOA]
- C. t. memnon (C. & R. Felder, [1867]) Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras
  - Pavonia memnon C. & R. Felder, [1867]; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (3): 454; TL: Mexico,Guatemala
  - Pavonia dardanus Boisduval, 1870; Considérations Lépid. Guatemala: 56; TL: Guatemala,Honduras,"Colombia"
    
    = ; [NL4A], #441b
  - Caligo memnon memnon; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 320; [BCR]: 256, pl. 46
  - Caligo memnon; Godman & Salvin, [1881], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 133, 3: pl. 14, f. 1, 4; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 666; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 320; [BOW]: pl. 28, f. 12, pl. 29, f. 1; Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 147; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
  - Caligo telamonius memnon; [NL4A], #441b; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  557x598 (~51Kb) Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey
  
  Larva on Canna indica, Cann sp., Calathea latifolia, Heliconia latispatha, Heliconia spp., Musa sapientum, Musa sp. Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 148, Heliconia , Musa [BCR]
- C. t. menus Fruhstorfer, 1903 Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia
  - Caligo memnon menus Fruhstorfer, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (52): 413; TL: Chiriqui
  - Caligo memnon menes [= menus] Fruhstorfer, 1904; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 316; TL: Chiriqui
  - Caligo telamon[sic] var. livoris Stichel, 1904; (nom. nud.); TL: Colombia
    
    = ; [NL4A], #441c
  - Caligo memnon menes[sic] f. diluta Stichel, 1909; ; TL: Panama
    
    = ; [NL4A], #441c
  - Caligo teucer cachi Joicey & Kaye, 1917; Ent. Rec. J. Var. 29 (9): 181; TL: Costa Rica, Cachi, 3000ft
    
    = ; [NL4A], #441c
  - Caligo memnon cachi; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo memnon diluta; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 321; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo memnon menes; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo memnon menes[sic, menus]; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 321
  - Caligo telamonius menus; [NL4A], #441c; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- C. t. modestus Niepelt, 1934 Surinam
  - telamonius modestus Niepelt, 1934; ; TL: Surinam
  - Caligo memnon modestus; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo telamonius modestus; [NL4A], #441d; [Wahlberg, 2023]
Caligo prometheus (Kollar, 1850) -. See [maps]
- Morpho prometheus Kollar, 1850; ; TL: Colombia
- Caligo prometheus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 320; [NL4A], #438; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- C. p. prometheus Colombia
  - Pavonia epimetheus C. & R. Felder, 1867; ; TL: Colombia
    
    = ; [NL4A], #438a
  - Caligo hänschi Röber, 1904; Soc. Ent. 18 (19): 146; TL: Colombia
    
    = ; [NL4A], #438a
  - Caligo prometheus anaximandrus Fruhstorfer, 1912; Ent. Rundschau 29 (2): 16; TL: Colombia, Rio Negro
    
    = ; [NL4A], #438a
  - Caligo memnon pavonides Fruhstorfer, 1912; Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 322; TL: Colombia
    
    = ; [NL4A], #438a
  - Caligo memnon pavonides; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo prometheus anaximandrus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 320; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  - Caligo prometheus epimetheus; Fruhstorfer, 1904, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 316; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 320; ; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo prometheus prometheus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 320; [NL4A], #438a; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- C. p. atlas Röber, 1904 Ecuador
  - Caligo atlas Röber, 1904; Soc. Ent. 18 (19): 146; TL: Ecuador
  - Caligo prometheus atlas; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 320; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #438b; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [BOA]
Caligo bellerophon Stichel, 1903 Ecuador. See [maps]
- Caligo bellerophon Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389; TL: Ecuador, Balzapampa
- Caligo bellerophon; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 322, pl. 63 c; [NL4A], #426; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- Caligo prometheus bellerophon; [EcuL]
Caligo teucer (Linnaeus, 1758) -. See [maps]
- Papilio teucer Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 464; TL: "America"
- Caligo teucer; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 317; [BOW]: pl. 29, f. 3; Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 148; [NL4A], #442; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]
1134x1474 (~189Kb) Plate © MERIAN

Larva on Heliconia sp., Musa sp. Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 148
- C. t. teucer
  - Caligo teucra Hübner, [1819]; (emend.)
    
    = ; [NL4A], #442a
  - Caligo musae Fabricius, 1938; (repl. name); TL: America
    
    = ; [NL4A], #442a
  - Caligo teucer teucer; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 317; [NL4A], #442a; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- C. t. japetus Stichel, 1903 Paraguay
  - Caligo teucer japetus Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389; TL: Paraguay
  - Caligo teucer japetus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 318; [NL4A], #442d; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- C. t. insulanus Stichel, 1904 Trinidad
  - Caligo teucer insulanus Stichel, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21 (3): 21; TL: Trinidad
  - Caligo teucer insulana; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo teucer insulanus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 317; [NL4A], #442c; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- C. t. obidonus Fruhstorfer, 1904 Brazil(Pará, Amazonas)
  - Caligo teucer obidonus Fruhstorfer, 1904; Soc. Ent. 18 (19): 145; TL: Obidos, Amazonas
  - Caligo teucer phoroneus Fruhstorfer, 1907; Stettin ent. Ztg 68 (1): 129; TL: Brazil, Amazonas
    
    = ; [NL4A], #442f
  - Caligo teucer joasa Joicey & Kaye, 1917; Ent. Rec. J. Var. 29 (9): 180; TL: Brazil, Amazonas, San Joas, Solimoes
    
    = ; [NL4A], #442f
  - Caligo teucer joasa; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo teucer obidona; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo teucer obidonus; Fruhstorfer, 1904, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 314; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 318; [NL4A], #442f; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [BOA]
  - Caligo teucer phoroneus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 318; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
- C. t. nubilus Fruhstorfer, 1907 Guyana
  - Caligo teucer nubilus Fruhstorfer, 1907; Stettin ent. Ztg 68 (1): 130; TL: Guyana
  - Caligo teucer nubila; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo teucer nubilus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 318, pl. 63 c; [NL4A], #442e; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [BOA]
- C. t. phorkys Fruhstorfer, 1912 Bolivia
  - Caligo teucer phorkys Fruhstorfer, 1912; Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 317; TL: Bolivia
  - Caligo teucer phorkys; [NL4A], #442g; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [BOA]
- C. t. ecuadora Joicey & Kaye, 1917 Ecuador
  - Caligo teucer ecuadora Joicey & Kaye, 1917; Ent. Rec. J. Var. 29 (9): 181; TL: Ecuador
  - Caligo teucer ecuadora; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #442b; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- C. t. semicaerulea Joicey & Kaye, 1917 Peru
  - Caligo teucer semicaerulea Joicey & Kaye, 1917; Ent. Rec. J. Var. 29 (9): 181; TL: Peru, La Merced
  - Caligo teucer semicaerulea; [NL4A], #442h; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [BOA]

The arisbe species-group

Caligo arisbe Hübner, [1822] -. See [maps]
- Caligo arisbe; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 327, pl. 65 a; [EBW], (name only); [NL4A], #424; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]
- C. a. arisbe
  - taramela (Godart, [1824]) (Morpho); ; TL: Brazil
    
    = ; [NL4A], #424a
  - Caligo arisbe arisbe; [NL4A], #424a; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  - Caligo erisbe; J. & W. Zikán, 1968, (missp.)
- C. a. fulgens Rothschild, 1916 Brazil(Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo)
  - Caligo arisbe fulgens Rothschild, 1916; Novit. Zool. 23 (3): 314; TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro; São Paulo
  - Caligo arisbe fulgens; [NL4A], #424b; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Caligo oberthurii (Deyrolle, 1872) -. See [maps]
- Pavonia oberthurii Deyrolle, 1872; ; TL: Colombia
- Caligo oberthuri; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 327
- Caligo oberthurii; [EBW]; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #434; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- C. o. oberthurii Colombia
  - Caligo oberthurii oberthurii; [NL4A], #434a; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [BOA]
- C. o. phokilides Fruhstorfer, 1912 Peru
  - Caligo oberthuri phokilides Fruhstorfer, 1912; Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 327; TL: Peru
  - Caligo oberthuerii phokilides; [CoL]
  - Caligo oberthurii phokilides; [NL4A], #434b; [Wahlberg, 2023]
  - Caligo oberthürii phokilides; [LepIndex]
Caligo martia (Godart, [1824]) Brazil. See [maps]
- Morpho martia Godart, [1824]; ; TL: Brazil
- Caligo arisbe x martia; [iNaturalist]
- Caligo martia; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 327, pl. 65 b; [BOW]: pl. 28, f. 10; Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 147; [NL4A], #433; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Larva on Echinochloa crus-galli, Pennisetum purpureum Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 147

The atreus species-group

Caligo atreus (Kollar, 1850) Mexico - Peru, Venezuela, Colombia. See [maps]
- Morpho atreus Kollar, 1850; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 1: 356, pl. 44, f. 1-2; TL: Colombia
- Caligo atreus; Godman & Salvin, [1881], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 135; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 666; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 326; [BOW]: pl. 28, f. 9; Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 147; [NL4A], #425; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]
Larva on Asterogyne martiana, Calathea sp., Heliconia spp. Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 147
- C. a. atreus Colombia
  - iris (Kirby, 1884) (Pavonia); (nom. nud.)
    
    = ; [NL4A], #425a
  - Caligo atreus atreus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 326; [NL4A], #425a; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- C. a. ajax (Doubleday, [1849]) Venezuela
  - Pavonia ajax Doubleday, [1849]; Gen. diurn. Lep. (2): 342, (1): pl. 56, f. 2; TL: Venezuela,"Ecuador"
  - Caligo atreus ajax; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 326; [NL4A], #425c; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [BOA]
- C. a. dentina Druce, 1874 Ecuador
  - Caligo dentina Druce, 1874; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1874 (1): 155; TL: "Peru" [error, W.Ecuador?]
  - Caligo atreus dentina; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 326; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #425d; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [BOA]
- C. a. agesilaus Druce, 1902 Ecuador
  - Caligo agesilaus Druce, 1902; ; TL: Rio Durango & "Ecuador"
    
    = Caligo atreus dentina; [EcuL]
  - Caligo atreus agesilaus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 326; [NL4A], #425b; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- C. a. dionysos Fruhstorfer, 1912 Costa Rica, Panama
  - Caligo atreus dionysos Fruhstorfer, 1912; Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 326; TL: Panama
  - Caligo atreus dionysos; [BCR]: 256, pl. 46; [NL4A], #425e; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  Larva on Heliconia , Musa , Cyclanthaceae [BCR]
Caligo uranus Herrich-Schäffer, 1850 Mexico, Guatemala. See [maps]
- Caligo uranus Herrich-Schäffer, 1850; Samml. aussereurop. Schmett. (II) 1: 55, 1 (1-2): f. 1-2; TL: Mexico
- Pavonia telemachus Hewitson, 1850; Zoologist 8: 2976; TL: "Brazil, Rio de Janeiro"
  - = ; [NL4A], #443
- Caligo atreus uranus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 326
- Caligo uranus; Godman & Salvin, [1881], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 136; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 666; [EBW]; [NL4A], #443; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]
690x628 (~65Kb) Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

The oileus species-group

Caligo oileus C. & R. Felder, 1861 Guatemala - Amazon Basin. See [maps]
- Caligo oileus C. & R. Felder, 1861; Wien. ent. Monats. 5 (4): 111; TL: "Venezuela in provincia Caracas, Cordillerae bogotanae"
- Caligo oileus; Godman & Salvin, [1881], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 132; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 665; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 315; Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 148; [NL4A], #436; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Larva on Musa Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 148
- C. o. oileus Venezuela, Colombia
  - Caligo oileus oileus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 315; [NL4A], #436a; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- C. o. scamander (Boisduval, 1870) Colombia, Ecuador
  - Pavonia scamander Boisduval, 1870; Considérations Lépid. Guatemala: 57; TL: "Guatemala","Nicaragua",Venezuela
  - Caligo oileus var. philademus Staudinger, 1887; ; TL: Colombia
    
    = ; [NL4A], #436b
  - Caligo phorbas Röber, 1904; Soc. Ent. 18 (19): 146; TL: Ecuador, Santa Inez
    
    = ; [NL4A], #436b
  - Caligo oileus philademus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 315; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo oileus phorbas; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 315; [EcuL]; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo oileus scamander; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 315; [BCR]: 255; Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 148; [NL4A], #436b; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  Larva on Heliconia [BCR], Heliconia sp. Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 148
- C. o. umbratilis Stichel, 1903 Peru
  - Caligo oileus umbratilis Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389; TL: Peru
  - Caligo oileus philinos Fruhstorfer, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (52): 413; TL: Peru
    
    = ; [NL4A], #436c
  - Caligo oileus philinos; Fruhstorfer, 1904, Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2): 316; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 316, pl. 64 a; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo oileus umbratilis; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 316; [NL4A], #436c; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [BOA]
Caligo placidianus Staudinger, 1887 Peru, Ecuador, Brazil(Amazonas). See [maps]
- Caligo placidianus Staudinger, 1887; ; TL: Sarayacu [Peru] & Sao Paulo de Olivença
- Caligo placidianus var. micans Röber, 1904; Soc. Ent. 18 (19): 146; TL: Ecuador
  - = ; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #437
- Caligo placidianus micans; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 316; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
- Caligo placidianus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 316; [EBW]; [EcuL]; Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 148; [NL4A], #437; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]
Larva on Musa sp. Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 148
Caligo oedipus Stichel, 1903 -. See [maps]
- Caligo oedipus Stichel, 1903; Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389; TL: Colombia, Rio Dagua
- Caligo oedipus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 315; [EBW], (name only); [NL4A], #435; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA] ; [BAMONA]
- C. o. oedipus Colombia, Panama
  - ab. nocturnus Stichel, 1903; ; TL: Colombia
    
    = ; [NL4A], #435a
  - Caligo oileus hyposchesis Dyar, 1914; Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 47 (2050): 144; TL: Paraiso; Porto Bello, Panama
    
    = ; [NL4A], #435a
  - Caligo oedipus nocturna; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 315; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo oedipus oedipus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 315; [NL4A], #435a; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
  - Caligo oileus hyposchesis; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
- C. o. fruhstorferi Stichel, 1904 Honduras
  - Caligo fruhstorferi Stichel, 1904; Insekten-Börse 21 (3): 21; TL: Honduras,"Surinam"
  - Caligo oedipus fruhstorferi; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 315, pl. 64 c; [NL4A], #435b; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
Caligo zeuxippus Druce, 1902 Ecuador. See [maps]
- Caligo zeuxippus Druce, 1902; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 9 (53): 321; TL: [Ecuador, Imbabura] Paramba
- Caligo zeuxippus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 316, pl. 65 b; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #444; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- C. z. zeuxippus Ecuador
  - Caligo zeuxippus zeuxippus; [NL4A], #444a; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [BOA]
- C. z. obscurus Niepelt, 1934 Colombia
  - zeuxippus obscurus Niepelt, 1934; ; TL: Colombia
  - Caligo zeuxippus obscurus; [NL4A], #444b; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [BOA]

The beltrao species-group

Caligo beltrao (Illiger, 1801) Brazil(Rio de Janeiro, ...?). See [maps]
- Papilio beltrao Illiger, 1801; ; TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
- Papilio demosthenes Perry, 1810; ; TL: Brazil
  - = ; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 316; [NL4A], #427
- Morpho reinwardtianus Drapiez, 1820; ; TL: Brazil
  - = ; [NL4A], #427
- Morpho inachis Godart, [1824]; ; TL: Brazil,"Peru"
  - = ; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 316; [NL4A], #427
- Caligo beltrao; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 316; [BOW]: pl. 28, f. 7; Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 147; [NL4A], #427; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]
Larva on Canna indica, Calathea zebrina, Musa sapientum, Hedychium coronarium Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000, J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4) : 147

Caligo euphorbus (C. & R. Felder, 1862) Peru. See [maps]
- Pavonia euphorbus C. & R. Felder, 1862; Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (4): 123; TL: "Rio Negro" [= Peru, San Martin]
- Caligo euphorbus; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #429; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [BOA]
- C. e. euphorbus Brazil(Pará), Bolivia
  - Caligo idomeneus rhoetus f. marsus Stichel, 1904; ; TL: Brazil, Pará
    
    = ; [NL4A], #429a
  - Caligo menoetius aristophanes Fruhstorfer, 1912; Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 326; TL: Bolivia
    
    = ; [NL4A], #429a
  - Caligo euphorbus aristophanes; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo euphorbus euphorbus; [NL4A], #429a; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [BOA]
  - Caligo idomeneus euphorbus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 324
  - Caligo idomeneus marsus; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 324; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
- C. e. menoetius Staudinger, 1887 Brazil(Amazonas)
  - Caligo menoetius Staudinger, 1887; in Staudinger & Schatz, Exot. Schmett. 1 (17): 216; TL: Brazil, Amazonas
  - Caligo euphorbus menoetius; [NL4A], #429b; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [BOA]
  - Caligo menoetius; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 325
Caligo superbus Staudinger, 1887 -. See [maps]
- Caligo euphorbius var. superbus Staudinger, 1887; in Staudinger & Schatz, Exot. Schmett. 1 (17): 215; TL: Chanchamayo
- Caligo superba; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
- Caligo superbus; [EcuL]; [NL4A], #439; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [iNaturalist] ; [LEPIFORUM] ; [BOA]
- C. s. superbus Peru
  - Caligo superbus superbus; [NL4A], #439a; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [BOA]
  - superbus idomeneus superba; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 324
- C. s. agamemnon Weymer, 1890 Ecuador
  - Caligo agamemnon Weymer, 1890; Reisen Süd-America: 111, pl. 1, f. 3; TL: "Huamboya 1200-2200m"
    
    = Caligo superbus; [EcuL]
  - Caligo idomeneus agamemnon; Fruhstorfer, 1912, Gross-Schmett. Erde 5: 325
  - Caligo superba agamemnon; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
  - Caligo superbus agamemnon; [NL4A], #439b; [Wahlberg, 2023]; [BOA]

Unmatched external taxa

Caligo brasiliensis sulana; [BAMONA]
Caligo oberthuerii; [CoL]
Caligo oberthürii; [LepIndex]

Unknown or unplaced taxa

Morpho mithridates Fabricius, 1938; (nom. nud.); TL: Peru

mithridates; [NL4A], 202

3.4.2023 (21)

References:

[BAMONA] Opler, Pavulaan, Stanford & Pogue
Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node
[BCA] electronic
BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA
[BHL] The
Biodiversity Heritage Library; and on; Internet Archive; Note: The linking to the content of Internet Archive is somewhat delicate -- notify me when links break!
[BOA] Interactive Listing of American Butterflies
Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America
[CoL] Catalogue of Life
Bánki, O., Roskov, Y., Döring, M., Ower, G., Hernández Robles, D. R., Plata Corredor, C. A., Stjernegaard Jeppesen, T., Örn, A., Vandepitte, L., Hobern, D., Schalk, P., DeWalt, R. E., Ma, K., Miller, J., Orrell, T., Aalbu, R., Abbott, J., Adlard, R., Aedo, C., et al. (2024). Catalogue of Life Checklist (Version 2024-03-26); https://doi.org/10.48580/dfz8d
[D. Smirnov]
Russia, Moscow; e-mail: D. Smirnov
[Erich Mangl]
http://www.mangl.at
[HBN] Francis Hemming, 1937
HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2
[JLS]
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society; the original J. Lep. Soc. articles
[John Shuey]
e-mail: jshuey at tnc.org; Director of Conservation Science; Indiana Office of The Nature Conservancy; http://www.nature.org
[LAMAS-2005] Gerardo Lamas
Entomofauna 26 (6): 57-100; A Bibliography of the Zoological Publications of Hans Fruhstorfer (1886* - 1922+)
[LAMAS-NEO] Gerardo Lamas
Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)
[LEPIFORUM]
Lepiforum; Bestimmung von Schmetterlingen (Lepidoptera) und ihren Präimaginalstadien
[LepIndex] Global Lepidoptera Index
Beccaloni, G., Scoble, M., Kitching, I., Simonsen, T., Robinson, G., Pitkin, B., Hine, A., Lyal, C., Ollerenshaw, J., Wing, P., & Hobern, D. (2024). Global Lepidoptera Index. In O. Bánki, Y. Roskov, M. Döring, G. Ower, D. R. Hernández Robles, C. A. Plata Corredor, T. Stjernegaard Jeppesen, A. Örn, L. Vandepitte, D. Hobern, P. Schalk, R. E. DeWalt, K. Ma, J. Miller, T. Orrell, R. Aalbu, J. Abbott, R. Adlard, C. Aedo, et al., Catalogue of Life Checklist (1.1.24.106); https://doi.org/10.48580/dg4lg-49xk
[MERIAN] Merian, M. S., 1705
Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium. Of te verandering der Surinaamsche insecten. Waar in de Surinaamsche rupsen en wormen met alle des zelfs veranderingen, na het leven afgebeeld en beschreeven worden, zynde elk geplaast op die gewassen, bloemen en vruchten, daar sy op gevonden zyn; waar in ook de generatie der kirkvorschen, wonderbaare padden, hagedissen, slangen, spinnen en mieren werden vertoond en beschreeven, alles in America na het leven en levensgroote geschildert en beschreeven; pp. 1-60, pl. 1-60; Image from Francisco Welter-Schultes
[NHM-BMW] Natural History Museum
Butterflies and Moths of the World; Generic Names and their Type-species
[Wahlberg]
Niklas Wahlberg; The NSG's voucher specimen database; Nymphalidae Systematics Group
[ZOBODAT] Oberösterreichische Landesmuseum
OÖ. Landesmuseum; ZOBODAT - Literatur
[iNaturalist]
iNaturalist
[maps]
Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

Some related literature:

Billberg, 1820
Enumeratio Insectorum Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb. : 1-138
Boisduval, 1870
Considerations sur des Lépidoptères envoyés du Guatemala à M. de l'Orza Considérations Lépid. Guatemala : 1-100
Brown & Mielke, 1967
Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera J. Lep. Soc. 21 (2) (2): 77-106, (3): 145-168
Butler, 1870
Descriptions of some new diurnal Lepidoptera, chiefly Hesperiidae Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1870 (4) : 485-520
Cramer, [1775]
Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 1-132, pl. 1-84 (1775), (8): 133-155, pl. 85-96 (1776)
Deyrolle, 1874
[Description de lépidoptères nouveaux du genre Pavonia] Rev. Mag. Zool. applic. (3) 2: pl. 6-7
Doubleday, [1849]
The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habitats and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus; illustrated with 86 plates by W. C. Hewitson Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): 1-18, pl. A, 1-4 (1-2) (1846), (1): 19-132, pl. 4*, 18*, 5-25, 28 (3-14) (1847), (1): 133-200, pl. 1*, 26, 27, 29 (15-23) (1848), (1): pl. 31-44 (15-23) (1848), (1): 201-242, pl. 30, 45-52, 56-58, 60-62, 64 (24-31) (1849), (1): 243-250 [?], (2): 243-326, pl. 53-55, 63, 65, 66 (32-38) (1850), (2): 327-466, pl. 59, 67-77 (39-50) (1851), (2): 467-534, 143, 144, pl. 78-80 (Index) (51-54) (1852)
Druce, 1874
Descriptions of Fifteen new species of Diurnal Lepidoptera, chiefly from South America Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1874 (1) : 155-160
Druce, 1902
Descriptions of some new species of Lepidoptera Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 9 (53) : 321-334
Dufrane, 1959
Brassolidées Bull. Soc. nat. Mons & Borinage 42 (3/4): 16-17
Dyar, 1914
Report on the lepidoptera of the Smithsonian Biological Survey of the Canal Zone Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 47 (2050) : 139-350
Felder, 1862
Verzeichniss der von den Naturforschern der k. k. Fregatte Novara gesammelten Macropepidoteren Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 12 (1/2) : 473-496
C. & R. Felder, 1861
Lepidoptera nova Columbiae Wien. ent. Monats. 5 (3): 72-87, (4): 97-111
C. & R. Felder, 1862
Specimen faunae lepidopterologicae riparum fluminis Negro superioris in Brasilia septentrionali Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (3): 65-80, (4): 109-126, (6): 175-192, (7): 229-235
C. & R. Felder, 1862
Lepidoptera nova Columbiae Wien. ent. Monats. 6 (12) : 409-427
C. & R. Felder, [1867]
Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Behilfen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Band 2. Abtheilung 2. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 1-136, pl. 1-21 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, [1865]), (2): 137-378, pl. 22-47 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, 1865), (3): 379-536, pl. 48-74 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, 1867), (4): 537-548, pl. 75-120, (Inhalts-Verz.) 1-9 (pl. 1-74), (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874) , (5): pl. 121-140, (erklärung) 1-10 (pl. 75-107), (Inhalts-Verz.) 1-20 (pl. 108-140), (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
Fruhstorfer, 1903
Neue Caligo-Formen Insekten-Börse 20 (52) : 413 (24 December)
Fruhstorfer, 1904
Neue Caligo-Formen Soc. Ent. 18 (19) : 145 (1 January)
Fruhstorfer, 1904
Mitteilungen über die Gattung Caligo in meiner Sammlung Dt. ent. Z. Iris 16 (2) : 313-320 (20 March)
Fruhstorfer, 1904
Caligo eurilochus pallidus nov. subspec. Insekten-Börse 21 (16) : 125 (14 April)
Fruhstorfer, 1907
Verzeichniss der von Herrn Dr. Theodor Koch-Grünberg am oberen Waupes 1903-1905 gesammelten Rhopaloceren mit Besprechung verwandter Arten Stettin ent. Ztg 68 (1): 117-164 (May), (2): 207-309, pl. 1 (July)
Fruhstorfer, 1910
Neue Rhopaloceren aus der Provinz Matto Grosso und angrenzenden Gebieten Ent. Zs. 24 (35) : 192-194 (3 December)
Fruhstorfer, 1912
Neue Brassoliden Ent. Rundschau 29 (2) : 15-16 (27 January)
Godart, [1824]
Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire naturelle Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des crustacés, des arachnides et des insectes Encyclopédie Méthodique 9 (1): 3-328 (1819), (2): 329-828 ([1824])
Godman & Salvin, [1881]
Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. Vol. 1. (1879-1886) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 1: 1-487, 3: pl. 1-24,24a,25-112
Godman & Salvin, [1901]
Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-741 (?782), 3: pl. 1-112
Herrich-Schäffer, 1850
Sammlung neuer oder wenig bekannter aussereuropäischer Schmetterlinge, 1850-[1869]: Rhopalocera (Tagfalter) Samml. aussereurop. Schmett. (II) 1 (1-2): pl. [1-10], f. 1-22 (1850), 1 (3): pl. 11-14, f. 23-60 (1853), 1 (4): pl. 15-18, f. 61-78 (1855), 1 (5): pl. [19-22], f. 79-94 (1856), 1 (?6): pl. [23-24], f. 95-102 (1858), 1: 1-52 (1856), 1: 53-84 (1858), 2: pl. [25-28], f. 103-123 (1869)
Hewitson, 1850
[A note] Zoologist 8 : 2976
Hübner, [1819]
Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge, 1816-[1826] Verz. bek. Schmett. (1): [1-3], 4-16 (1816), (2): 17-32 (1819), (3): 33-48 (1819), (4): 49-64 (1819), (5): 65-80 (1819), (6): 81-96 (1819), (7): 97-112 (1819), (8): 113-128 (1819), (9): 129-144 (1819), (10): 145-160 (1819), (11): 161-176 (1819), (12): 177-192 (1820), (13): 193-208 (1820), (14): 209-224 (1821), (15): 225-240 (1821), (16): 241-256 (1821), (17): 257-272 (1823), (18): 273-288 (1823), (19): 289-304 (1823), (20): 305-320 (1825), (21): 321-336 (1825), (22): 337-352 (1825), (23-27): 353-431 ([1825])
Joicey & Kaye, 1917
New Supspecies of Caligo Ent. Rec. J. Var. 29 (9) : 180-182
Kaye, 1904
A catalogue of the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera of Trinidad Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. 1904 (2) : 159-224, pl. 17-18
Kollar, 1850
Beiträge zur Insecten-Fauna von Neu-Granada und Venezuela Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 1 : 351-364, pl. 42-45
[NL4A]; Lamas, 2004
Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera
[BOW]; Lewis, 1974
Butterflies of the World
Linnaeus, 1758
Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 1-338, : 339-824
Penz, 2007
Evaluating the monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of Brassolini genera (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) Syst. Ent. 32: 668-689
Penz, Aiello & Srygley, 2000
Early stages of Caligo illioneus and C. idomeneus (Nymphalidae, Brassolinae) from Panama, with remarks on larval food plants for the subfamily J. Lep. Soc. 53 (4)
[EcuL]; Racheli & Racheli, 2001
An annotated list of Ecuadorian Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae) Frag. ent. 33 (2) : 213-380
Ribeiro, 1931
Lepidópteros de Matto Grosso. Material colligido pelos senhores General Càndido Rondón, Prof. Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro e Emille Stolle Bol. Mus. nac. Rio de Janeiro 7 (1) : 31-52
Rothschild, 1916
Notes on Amathusiidae, Brassolidae, Morphidae, etc., with descriptions of new forms Novit. Zool. 23 (3) : 299-318, pl. 3-6
Röber, 1904
Neue Caligo-Arten Soc. Ent. 18 (19) : 145-147
Fruhstorfer in Seitz, 1912
Die amerikanischen Tagfalter Gross-Schmett. Erde 5 : 1-48 (1907), : 49-72 (1908), : 73-160 (1909), : 161-200 (1910), : 201-240 (1911), : 241-344 (1912), : 345-456 (1913), : 457-480 (1914), : 481-536 (1915), : 537-615 (1916), : 617-664 (1916), : 665-720 (1917), : 745-768 (1919), : 721-744,769-816 (1920), : 817-856 (1921), : 857-912,937-944 (1922), : 913-936,945-1000 (1923), : 1001-1141 (1924)
[EBW]; Smart, 1976
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World Illust. Encyp. Butt. World: -
Staudinger, [1886]; Staudinger, 1887
Exotische Tagfalter in sysmatischer Reihenfolge mit Berücksichtigung neuer Arten in Staudinger & Schatz, Exot. Schmett. 1 (1): 3-6, pl. 1-5 (1884), (2): 7-10, pl. 6-10 (1884), (3): 11-14, pl. 11-15 (1884), (4): 15-22, pl. 16-20 (1884), (5): 23-30, pl. 21-25 (1884), (6): 31-38, pl. 26-30 (1884), (7): 39-46, pl. 31-35 (1885), (8): 47-58, pl. 30-40 (1885), (9): 59-82, pl. 41-50 (1885), (10): 83-102, pl. 51-60 (1885), (11): 103-122, pl. 61-65 (1886), (12): 123-138, pl. 66-70 (1886), (13): 139-158, pl. 71-75 (1886), (14): 159-174, pl. 76-80 (1886), (15): 175-194, pl. 81-85 (1887), (16): 195-214, pl. 86-90 (1887), (17): 215-234, pl. 91-95 (1887), (18): 235-270, pl. 96-98 (1888), (19): 1-2,271-333, pl. 99-100 (1888)
Stichel, 1903; Stichel, 1904
Brassolidarum novarum descriptio ad tempus proposita Insekten-Börse 20 (49): 389 (1903), 21 (1): 6 (1904), 21 (3): 21 (1904)
Stichel, 1904
Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Fam. Nymphalidae. Subfam. Brassolinae Genera Insectorum 20 : 1-48, pl. 1-5
Stichel, 1908
Brassoliden-Studien Berl. ent. Z. 52 (3) : 160-179
[BCR]; DeVries, 1987
Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae The Butterflies of Costa Rica 1
Weymer in Weymer & Maassen, 1890
Lepidoptera gesammelt auf einer Reise durch Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brasilien, Argentinien und Bolivien in den Jahren 1868-1877 von Alphons Stübel Reisen Süd-America : 1-182, pl. 1-9

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