Hemaris

Hemaris Dalman, 1816

Hemaris Dalman, 1816; K. VetenskAcad. Handl. 1816 (2): 207; TS: Sphinx fuciformis Linnaeus
Hemeria Billberg, 1820; Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb.: 82
Haemorrhagia Grote & Robinson, 1865; Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 5: 173; TS: Sesia thysbe Fabricius
- = Hemaris; [RFEL]
Aege Felder, 1874; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (4): pl. 75, fig. 6
Chamaesesia Grote, 1877; Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 3: 220; TS: Haemorrhagia gracilis Grote & Robinson
Cochrania Tutt, 1902; Nat. Hist. Br. Lepid. 3: 503
Jilinga Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998
Mandarina Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998
Saundersia Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998

Aege; [NHM-BMW]
Chamaesesia; [NHM-BMW]
Cochrania; [NHM-BMW]
Haemorrhagia; [NHM-BMW]
Hemaris; [P&N23]; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Hemaris (Dilophonotini); [RFEL]
Hemaris (Hemarina); [HMW], 18
Hemeria; [NHM-BMW]
Jilinga; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Mandarina; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Saundersia; [NHM-BMW]

Hemaris affinis Bremer, 1861

Japan, Ussuri, Amurland, Korea, N.China. See [maps]

sieboldi (Boisduval, 1869)
- = ; [HMW]
alternata (Butler, 1874)
- = ; [HMW]
whitelyi (Butler, 1874)
- = ; [HMW]
Macroglossa ganssuensis Grum-Grshimailo, 1891; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 25 (3-4): 461
- = ; [HMW]
Macroglossa affinis var. confinis Staudinger, 1892; in Romanoff, Mém. Lépid. 6: 240; TL: Ussuri
- = ; [HMW]; [RFEL]

Hemaris affinis; [HMW]; [RFEL]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [Tony Pittaway]
Hemaris fuciformis affinis; [LepIndex]
Hemaris fuciformis ganssuensis; [LepIndex]

Hemaris aksana (Le Cerf, 1923)

Morocco. See [maps]

Haemorrhagia tityus aksana Le Cerf, 1923; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 28 (15): 199; TL: Morocco, Azrou

Hemaris aksana; [HMW]; [CoL] ; [GBCL]; [MBE] ; [Tony Pittaway]
Hemaris tityus aksana; [LepIndex]; [iNaturalist]

Hemaris beresowskii Alphéraky, 1897

beresovskii (Kuznetsova, 1906)

Hemaris beresowskii; [HMW]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [Tony Pittaway]

Hemaris croatica (Esper, 1800)

SWEU, Asia Minor, Transcaucasus, Iraq, Iran. See [maps] Kroatischer Hummelschwärmer Kroatianpäiväkiitäjä Le Macroglosse de Croatie

Sphinx croatica Esper, 1800; Die. Schmett., Th. II (Suppl.) Abs. 2 (8-9): 33, pl. 45, f. 2; TL: Karlstadt
- = ; Hacker, 1999, Esperiana 7: 449
Sphinx sesia Hübner, [1806]; ?Samml. eur. Schmett., Sphingidae: 94
obscurata (Closs, 1911)
rangnowi (Closs, 1911)

Hemaris croatica; [HMW]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [LEPIFORUM] ; [MBE]
Hemaris croaticus; [EKK]; [BSW]

H. c. fahira de Freina, 2004 S.Iran

Hemaris croatica fahira de Freina, 2004; Linneana Belgica 19 (7): (305-307); TL: SE.Iran

Hemaris croatica fahira; [Tony Pittaway]
Hemaris croatica fahiri; [CoL] ; [GBCL]

Hemaris dentata (Staudinger, 1887)

Turkey. See [maps]

Macroglossa ducalis var. dentata Staudinger, 1887; Stettin Ent. Ztg 48 (1-3): 66; TL: Aintab

Hemaris dentata; [HMW]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Tony Pittaway]

Hemaris diffinis (Boisduval, 1836)

NA. See [maps] Snowberry Clearwing

Macroglossa diffinis Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: pl. 15, fig. 2; TL: North America
Macroglossa thetis Boisduval, 1855; Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. (3) 3: 32; TL: California
Sesia axillaris Grote & Robinson, 1868; Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 2: 180; TL: Texas
Hemaris tenuis Grote, 1873; Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 1: 4, pl. 1, f. 6; TL: West Farms, New York; Berks Co., Pennsylvania
Hemaris marginalis Grote, 1873; Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 1: 6, pl. 1. f. 10; TL: Michigan
Hemaris palpalis Grote, 1874; Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 2: 145; TL: Gilroy, British Columbia
Sesia grotei Butler, 1874; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 14 (83): 365; TL: Texas
Macroglossa fumosa Strecker, 1874; Lep. Rhopal. Het. (10): 93; TL: Albany, New York
Macroglossa aethra Strecker, 1875; Lep. Rhopal. Het. (12): 107; TL: Montreal
Hemaris cynoglossum H. Edwards, 1875; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 6: 88; TL: Napa Co., Big Trees, Calaveras Co., California; Vancouver Island, Britis Columbia
Hemaris rubens H. Edwards, 1875; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 6: 88; TL: Oregon; Lake Tahoe, California
Hemaris metathetis Butler, 1876; Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 9 (19): 519; TL: Texas
Haemorrhagia diffinis ariadne Barnes & McDunnough, 1910; Psyche, 17 (5): 202; TL: Denver, Colorado
Hemaris diffinis mcdunnoughi Clark, 1927; Proc. New England Zool. Cl. 9: 104; TL: Senator Mts., Arizona
Hemaris diffinis jordani Barnes & Benjamin, 1927; Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 26 (1): 51; TL: Southern Utah
- = ; [HMW]
heppneri Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1996
- = ; [HMW]

Hemaris aethra; [MPG] ; [P&N23]; [iNaturalist]
Hemaris diffinis ariadne; [LepIndex]
Hemaris diffinis thetis; [LepIndex]
Hemaris diffinis; [MNA21]; [HMW]; [MPG] ; [P&N23]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [PNWM] ; [BAMONA]
Hemaris thetis; [MPG] ; [P&N23]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]

Hemaris ducalis (Staudinger, 1887)

Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Tian Shan, Pamirs, Afghanistan. See [maps]

Macroglossa ducalis Staudinger, 1887; Stettin Ent. Ztg 48 (1-3): 66; TL: Namangan, Transalai
Macroglossa temiri Grum-Grshimailo, 1887; in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 3: 401
efenestralis Derzhavets, 1984
dantchenkoi Eitschberger & Lukhtanov, 1996
- = ; [HMW]

Hemaris ducalis; [HMW]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Tony Pittaway]
Macroglossa ducalis; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890, in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4: 514, pl. 18, f. 6

H. d. lukhtanovi Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998

Hemaris ducalis lukhtanovi; [HMW]; [CoL] ; [GBCL]

Hemaris fuciformis (Linnaeus, 1758)

S.Palearctic, Japan. See [maps] Hummelschwärmer Kuusamakiitäjä Humlelik dagsvärmare dongószender Kimalas-lottsuru Sphinx Gazé Kuusamanpäiväkiitäjä Cristalina Borde Estrecho Broad-bordered Bee Hawk-moth

Sphinx fuciformis Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 493; TL: Europe
Sphinx variegata Allioni, 1766; Mél. Phil.-Math. Turin 3: 193
Sphinx bombyliformis Ochsenheimer, 1808; Schmett. Eur. 2: 189
Macroglossa milesiformis Treitschke, 1834; in Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. 10 (1): 125
Macroglossa lonicerae Zeller, 1869; Stettin ent. Ztg 30 (10-12): 387
Macroglossa caprifolii Zeller, 1869; Stettin ent. Ztg 30 (10-12): 387
Macroglossa robusta Alphéraky, 1882; Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 17 (1-2): 17
Hemaris simillima Moore, 1888; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1888: 391
heynei (Bartel, 1898)
circularis (Stephan, 1924)
Haemorrhagia fuciformis jordani Clark, 1927; Proc. New England Zool. Cl. 9: 105; TL: Ras-el-Ma, Morocco
- = ; [HMW]
musculus Wagner, 1919
rebeli Anger, 1919
minor Lambillion, 1920
obseleta Lambillion, 1920
Hemaris fuciformis f. jakutana Derzhavets, 1984
- = ; [RFEL]

Hemaris fuciformis fuciformis; [iNaturalist]
Hemaris fuciformis jordani; [LepIndex]
Hemaris fuciformis; [SPRK]; [BSW]; [HMW]; [RFEL]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Heiner Ziegler] ; [MBE] ; [SVF]
Macroglossa fuciformis; Grum-Grshimailo, 1890, in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4: 514
?Sphinx fuciformis; Fabricius, 1793, Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 381

450x510 (~32Kb) Finland, Kangasala, Roikku, 6814:350, 23.6.1996, Photo © Tero Piirainen	599x400 (~52Kb) Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	599x400 (~41Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
599x400 (~94Kb) pupa Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	410x253 (~22Kb)

H. f. pseudodentata Dubatolov, 2003 SW.Turkmenistan (Kopet Dagh)

Hemaris fuciformis pseudodentata Dubatolov, 2003; Euroasian Ent. J. 2 (1): 67; TL: SW.Turkmenistan, Koeptdagh Mts, 20km E of Nochur

Hemaris fuciformis pseudodentata; [CoL]

Hemaris gracilis (Grote & Robinson, 1865)

Nova Scotia - Florida, New England, Michigan, New York. See [maps]

Haemorrhagia gracilis Grote & Robinson, 1865; Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 5: 174, pl. 3, figs. 1-2; TL: Atlantic District

Hemaris gracilis; [MNA21]; [HMW]; [MPG] ; [P&N23]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [BAMONA]

Hemaris ottonis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903)

Haemorrhagia staudingeri ottonis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903; Novit. Zool. 9 (Suppl.): 457, pl. 9, f. 8
stueningi Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998
- = ; [HMW]

Hemaris ottonis; [HMW]; [RFEL]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [Tony Pittaway]
Hemaris staudingeri ottonis; [LepIndex]

Hemaris radians (Walker, 1856)

Amur, .... See [maps]

Sesia radians Walker, 1856
Hemaris mandarina Butler, 1875
- = ; [RFEL]
Macroglossa fuciformis var. brunneobasalis Staudinger, 1892; in Romanoff, Mém. Lépid. 6: 241; TL: Amur
- = ; [RFEL]

Hemaris mandarina; [iNaturalist]
Hemaris radians; [HMW]; [RFEL]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [SZMN] ; [Tony Pittaway]

Hemaris rubra Hampson, [1893]

Kashmir. See [maps]

Hemaris rubra Hampson, [1893]; Fauna Br. India (Moths) 1: 120; TL: Sind and Gurais Valleys,Kashmir

Hemaris rubra; [HMW]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [Tony Pittaway]

Hemaris saundersi (Walker, 1856)

Kashmir, N.Pakistan, N.India. See [maps]

Sesia saundersi Walker, 1856; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 8: 83; TL: Northern India
curtisii (Boisduval, [1875])

Hemaris saundersi; [LepIndex] ; [CoL]
Hemaris saundersii; [HMW]; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [Tony Pittaway]

Hemaris senta (Strecker, 1878)

Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, British Columbia. See [maps]

Macroglossa senta Strecker, 1878; in Ruffner, Ann. Rep. Chief of Engineers, App. SS for 1878: 1858, pl. 2, f. 1; TL: Tierra Amarilla, New Mexico
Hemaris brucei French, 1890; Can. Ent. 22 (7): 133; TL: Colorado
minima Frankenbusch, 1925

Hemaris minima; [LepIndex]
Hemaris senta; [HMW]; [LepIndex]

Hemaris staudingeri Leech, 1890

Hemaris staudingeri Leech, 1890; Entomologist 23: 81; TL: Chang Yang
kuangtungenis (Mell, 1922)
- = ; [HMW]
nigra (Clark, 1922)
- = ; [HMW]

Hemaris staudingeri kuangtungensis; [LepIndex]
Hemaris staudingeri; [HMW]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [SZMN] ; [Tony Pittaway]

Hemaris syra (Daniel, 1939)

Hemaris fuciformis syra; [LepIndex]
Hemaris syra; [HMW]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Tony Pittaway]

Hemaris thysbe (Fabricius, 1775)

NA. See [maps] Humming-bird Moth Common Clear-wing

Sesia thysbe Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 548; TL: America
Sphinx pelasgus Cramer, [1780]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (23-24): 176 (index), (17-21): pl. 248, fig. B; TL: New Your, Jamaica
Sesia cimbiciformis Stephens, 1828; Ill. Br. Ent. (Haustellata) 1 (2): 135; TL: North America
Sesia ruficaudis Kirby, 1837; in Richardson, Fauna Boreal Amer.: 303; TL: Canada, New Jersey
Sesia fuscicaudis Walker, 1856; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 8: 83; TL: Georgia
Haemorrhagia buffaloensis Grote & Robinson, 1867; Ann. Lyc. nat. Hist. N.Y. 8: 437, pl. 16, f. 18-19; TL: Buffalo, New York
Haemorrhagia floridensis Grote & Robinson, 1867; Ann. Lyc. nat. Hist. N.Y. 8: 439, pl. 16, f. 20; TL: Florida
Sesia uniformis Grote & Robinson, 1868; Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 2: 181
Macroglossa etolus Boisduval, [1875]; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. Hétérocères, 1: 370; TL: United States
Macroglossa pyramus Boisduval, [1875]; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. Hétérocères, 1: 372; TL: Northern Unites States

Hemaris thysbe cimbiciformis; [LepIndex]
Hemaris thysbe; [MNA21]; [HMW]; [MPG] ; [P&N23]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [LEPIFORUM] ; [PNWM] ; [BAMONA]

Hemaris tityus (Linnaeus, 1758)

NAF, EU, Russia, Asia Minor, C.Asia. See [maps] Harilik lottsuru Svävfluglik dagsvärmare Sphinx Gazé Skabiosenschwärmer Ruusuruohokiitäjä Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk-moth Ruusuruohonpäiväkiitäjä pöszörszender

Sphinx tityus Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 493
fuciformis (Poda, 1761)
Sphinx bombyliformis Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 493
?Sphinx bombyliformis Esper, 1780; Die. Schmett., Th. II (13): pl. 23, f. 2
Sphinx musca Retzius, 1783; Gen. Spec. Ins.: 33
Macroglossa scabiosae Zeller, 1869; Stettin ent. Ztg 30 (10-12): 387
Macroglossa knautiae Zeller, 1869; Stettin ent. Ztg 30 (10-12): 387
Haemorrhagia tityus alaiana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903; Novit. Zool. 9 (Suppl.): 451
- = ; [HMW]
reducta (Closs, 1917)
ferrugineus (Stepha, 1924)
flavescens Cockayne, 1953
karaugomica (Wojtusiak & Niesiozowksi, 1946)
saldaitisi Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998
- = ; [HMW]

Hemaris (Mandarina) alaiana; Eitschberger, 1999, Atalanta 30 (1/4): 159; Eitschberger & Churkin, 2002, Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 65-67
Hemaris alaiana; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [Tony Pittaway]
Hemaris saldaitisi; [CoL]
Hemaris tityus alaiana; [LepIndex]; [iNaturalist]
Hemaris tityus; [SPRK]; [BSW]; [HMW]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]; [LEPIFORUM] ; [Heiner Ziegler] ; [MBE] ; [SZMN] ; [SVF] ; [Tony Pittaway] ; [Tony Pittaway]

Hemaris venata (C. Felder, 1861)

Hemaris venata; [HMW]; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [GBCL]

References:

[BAMONA] Opler, Pavulaan, Stanford & Pogue
Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node
[BHL] The
Biodiversity Heritage Library; and on; Internet Archive; Note: The linking to the content of Internet Archive is somewhat delicate -- notify me when links break!
[BnF]
Gallica / Bibliothèque nationale de France; Annales de la Société entomologique de France; Bulletin de la Sociéte entomologique de France
[CoL] Catalogue of Life
Bánki, O., Roskov, Y., Döring, M., Ower, G., Hernández Robles, D. R., Plata Corredor, C. A., Stjernegaard Jeppesen, T., Örn, A., Vandepitte, L., Hobern, D., Schalk, P., DeWalt, R. E., Ma, K., Miller, J., Orrell, T., Aalbu, R., Abbott, J., Adlard, R., Aedo, C., et al. (2024). Catalogue of Life Checklist (Version 2024-03-26); https://doi.org/10.48580/dfz8d
[EEJ]
Euroasian Entomolocial Journal; [contents]
[EKK] Sotavalta (Finnish Ed.), Rougeot & Viette
Euroopan ja Pohjois-Afrikan kiitäjät ja kehrääjät (Guide des Papillons Nocturnes)
[ESP] :ESP#c Heppner, 1981
[Heiner Ziegler]
Switzerland / Schweiz; www.pieris.ch
[LAMAS-NEO] Gerardo Lamas
Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)
[LEPIFORUM]
Lepiforum; Bestimmung von Schmetterlingen (Lepidoptera) und ihren Präimaginalstadien
[LepIndex] Global Lepidoptera Index
Beccaloni, G., Scoble, M., Kitching, I., Simonsen, T., Robinson, G., Pitkin, B., Hine, A., Lyal, C., Ollerenshaw, J., Wing, P., & Hobern, D. (2024). Global Lepidoptera Index. In O. Bánki, Y. Roskov, M. Döring, G. Ower, D. R. Hernández Robles, C. A. Plata Corredor, T. Stjernegaard Jeppesen, A. Örn, L. Vandepitte, D. Hobern, P. Schalk, R. E. DeWalt, K. Ma, J. Miller, T. Orrell, R. Aalbu, J. Abbott, R. Adlard, C. Aedo, et al., Catalogue of Life Checklist (1.1.24.106); https://doi.org/10.48580/dg4lg-49xk
[MBE] Moths and Butteflies of Europe
Paolo Mazzei, Diego Reggianti and Ilaria Pimpinelli; http://www.leps.it/
[MPG]
North American Moth Photographers Group
[Michael Borsch]
Geesthacht, Germany; contact through; e-mail: Francisco Welter-Schultes
[NHM-BMW] Natural History Museum
Butterflies and Moths of the World; Generic Names and their Type-species
[P&N23] Pohl & Nanz, 2023
Annotated Taxonomic Checklist of the Lepidoptera of North America, north of Mexico
[PERSEE]
Annales de la Société linnéenne de Lyon; Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon; Publications de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon; Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France
[PNWM]
Pacific Northwest Moths
[SVF]
Svenska fjärilar; Naturhistoriska riksmuseet; (Sweden)
[SZMN] Lepidoptera
Siberian Zoological Museum
[Tero Piirainen] Tampere, Finland
e-mail: Tero Piirainen
[Tony Pittaway] WWW pages
Sphingidae of the Western Palearctic; Saturniidae of the Western Palaearctic; Sphingidae of China (and adjacent regions)
[ZOBODAT] Oberösterreichische Landesmuseum
OÖ. Landesmuseum; ZOBODAT - Literatur
[iNaturalist]
iNaturalist
[maps]
Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

Some related literature:

Allioni, 1766
Manipulus insectorum taurinensium Mél. Phil.-Math. Turin 3 : 185-198
Alphéraky, 1882
Lépidoptères du district de Kouldjà et des montagnes environnantes. (1-3) Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 16 (3-4): 334-435, pl. 14-15 (1881), 17 (1-2): 15-103, pl. 1-3 (1882), 17 (3-4): 156-227, pl. 8-9 (1883)
Barnes & Benjamin, 1927
A new race of Hemaris diffinis (Lepid., Sphingidae) Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 26 (1) : 51
Barnes & McDunnough, 1910
List of Sphingidae of America North of Mexico Psyche, 17 (5) : 190-206
Billberg, 1820
Enumeratio Insectorum Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb. : 1-138
Boisduval, 1836
Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species Général des Lépidoptéres. Tome Premier Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1 : 1-690, pl. 1-24
Boisduval, [1875]
Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species Général des Lépidoptéres Hétérocéres. Tome Premier. Sphingides, Sésiides, Castnides Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. Hétérocères, 1 : 1-568, pl. 1-11
Butler, 1874
Descriptions of new Species of Sesia in the Collection of British Museum Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 14 (83) : 365-367
Butler, 1876
Revision of the heterocerous Lepidoptera of the family Sphingidae Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 9 (19) : 511-644, pl. 90-94
Le Cerf, 1923
Lépidoptères nouveaux recueillis au Maroc par M. H. Ungemach Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 28 (15) : 197-200
Clark, 1927
Descriptions of twelve new Sphingidae and remarks upon two other species Proc. New England Zool. Cl. 9: 99-109
Cramer, [1780]
Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 1-104, pl. 193-252 (1779), (22): 105-128, pl. 253-264 ([1780]), (23-24): 129-176, pl. 265-288 (1780)
Dalman, 1816
Försök till systematiks Uppställing af Sveriges Fjärilar K. VetenskAcad. Handl. 1816 (1): 48-101, (2): 199-225
Dubatolov, 2003
A new subspecies of Hemaris fuciformis (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Kopetdagh Mountains in Southern Turkmenistan (Lepidotpera, Sphingidae) Euroasian Ent. J. 2 (1) : 67-68
H. Edwards, 1875
Pacific Coast Lepidoptera, No. 11. - List of the Sphingidae of California and Adjacent Districts, with Descriptions of New Species Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 6 : 86-94
Eitschberger, 1999
Die Genitalmorpholodie des f. von Hemaris (Mandarina) alaiana (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903) Atalanta 30 (1/4) : 159-161
Eitschberger & Churkin, 2002
Hemaris (Mandarina) alaiana (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903) stat. rev. 4. Ergänzung zu "Die Schärmer der westlichen Palaearktis" Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 65-67
Esper, 1780
Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Theil II. Die Abendschmetterlinge Die. Schmett., Th. II (10): pl. 1-6 (1778), (11): 1-48, pl. 7-12 (1779), (12): 49-80, pl. 13-18 (1779), (13): 81-104, pl. 19-24 (1780), (14): 105-196, pl. [25] (1780), (6): 197-212, pl. 26-31 (1782), (7): 213-228, pl. 32-35 (1783), (28): 229-234, pl. 36 (1786)
Esper, 1800
Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Theil II. Supplement. Zweiter Abscnitt. Die Abendschmetterlinge Die. Schmett., Th. II (Suppl.) Abs. 2 (1-2): 1-4, pl. 37 (1789), (3-4): 5-12, pl. [38-40] ([1789]), (5-6): 13-16, pl. 41 (1794), ([7]): 17-20 (1798), (8-9): 21-40 pl. 42-46 (1800), (10): 41-52, pl. 47 ([1803-1804])
Fabricius, 1775
Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus Syst. Ent. : 1-832
Fabricius, 1793
Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta. Ent. Syst. 3 (1) : 1-487
Felder, 1874
Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Behilfen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Band 2. Abtheilung 2. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 1-136, pl. 1-21 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, [1865]), (2): 137-378, pl. 22-47 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, 1865), (3): 379-536, pl. 48-74 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, 1867), (4): 537-548, pl. 75-120, (Inhalts-Verz.) 1-9 (pl. 1-74), (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874) , (5): pl. 121-140, (erklärung) 1-10 (pl. 75-107), (Inhalts-Verz.) 1-20 (pl. 108-140), (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
de Freina, 2004
Une nouvelle sous-espèce Hemaris croatica (Esper, 1800) du S.-O de l'Iran: Hemaris croatica fahira ssp. n. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae, Macroglossinae) Linneana Belgica 19 (7): 305-307
[BSW]; de Freina & Witt, 1987
Die Bombyces und Sphinges der Westpalearktis
French, 1890
Some new Moths Can. Ent. 22 (7) : 133-135
Grote, 1873
Description of new North American moths Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 1 : 1-16, 1pl
Grote, 1874
Notes on American Lepidoptera with Descriptions of twenty-one New Species Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 2 : 145-163
Grote, 1877
New Check List of North American Sphingidae Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 3 : 220-225
Grote & Robinson, 1865
A synonymical catalogue of North American Sphingidae, with notes and descriptions Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 5 : 149-193, pl. 1-3
Grote & Robinson, 1867
Notes on the Lepidoptera of America. - no. 1 Ann. Lyc. nat. Hist. N.Y. 8 : 432-466
Grote & Robinson, 1868
Descriptions of American Lepidoptera. - no. 4 Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 2 : 179-206, pl. 2-3
Grum-Grshimailo, 1887
Bericht über meine Reise in das östliche Buchara (Correspondez; mit 1 Karte). Nebst Anghang: Dianosen einger neuen Species in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 3 : 357-402
Grum-Grshimailo, 1890
Le Pamir et sa faune lépidoptérologique in Romanoff, Mém. Lép. 4 : 1-576, pl. A,1-21
Grum-Grshimailo, 1891
Lepidoptera nova in Asia centrali novissime lecta et descripta Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 25 (3-4) : 445-465
Hacker, 1999
Die Typen der von E. J. Ch. Esper (1742-1810) in seinem "Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur" beschriebenen Bombycoidea, Drepanoidea, Geometroidea, Hepialoidea, Lasiocampoidea, Noctuoidea, Pyraloidea, Tineoidea (Lepidoptera) II Esperiana 7 : 443-461
Hampson, [1893]
The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma 1 Fauna Br. India (Moths) 1 : v-xxii, : 1-527
[MNA21]; Hodges, 1971
SPHINGOIDEA Moths America N of Mexico 21
Kirby, 1837
Fauna Boreali-Americana or the Zoology of the northern parts of British America in Richardson, Fauna Boreal Amer.: 325pp, 8pls
[HMW]; Kitching & Cadiou, 2000
An annotated and illustrated revisionary checklist (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) Hawkmoths of the World
[GBCL]; Kitching, Rougerie, Zwick, Hamilton, St Lauren, Naumann, Mejia, Kawahara, 2018
A global checklist of the Bombycoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) Biodiv. Data J. 6: e22236
Leech, 1890
New species of Lepidoptera from China Entomologist 23 : 26-50, 81-83, : 109-114, : 187-192, pl. 1
[RFEL]; Leley, 2016
Annotated catalogue of the insects of Russian Far East. Volume II. Lepidoptera Cat. ins. Russian Far East. 2 : 1-812
Linnaeus, 1758
Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 1-338, : 339-824
Moore, 1888
Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera collected by Rev. J. H. Hocking, chiefly in the Kangra District, N.W. Himalaya Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1888 : 390-412
Ochsenheimer, 1808
Die Schmetterlinge von Europa. Zweyter Band. Schwärmer, oder Abendschmetterlinge Schmett. Eur. 2 : 1-256
Retzius, 1783
Genera et Species Insectorum Gen. Spec. Ins. : 7-220
Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
A revision of the Lepidopterous family Sphingidae Novit. Zool. 9 (Suppl.) : 1-813, : 815-972, pl. 1-67
[SPRK]; Seppänen, 1970
Suomen suurperhostoukkien ravintokasvit Animalia Fennica 14
Staudinger, 1887
Centralasiatische Lepidopteren Stettin Ent. Ztg 48 (1-3) : 49-102
Staudinger, 1892
Die Macrolepidopteren des Amurgebiets. I. Theil. Rhopalocera, Sphinges, Bombyces, Noctuae in Romanoff, Mém. Lépid. 6 : 83-658, pl. 4-14
Stephens, 1828
Illustrations of British Entomology; or, a synopsis of indigenous insects: containing their generic and specific distinctions; with an account of their metamorphoses, times of appearance, localities, food, and economy, as far as practicable Ill. Br. Ent. (Haustellata) 1 (1): 1-56, pl. 1-9 (1827), (2): 57-150, pl. 10-12 (1828)
Strecker, 1874; Strecker, 1875
Lepidoptera, Rhopaloceres and Heteroceres, indigenous and exotic, with descriptions and colored illustrations Lep. Rhopal. Het. (1): 1-7, pl. 1 (1872), (2): 9-15, pl. 2 (1873), (3): 17-24, pl. 3 (1873), (4): 25-32, pl. 4 (1873), (5): 33-43, pl. 5 (1873), (6): 45-50, pl. 6 (1873), (7): 51-60, pl. 7 (1873), (8): 61-70, pl. 8 (1874), (9): 71-80, pl. 9 (1874), (10): 81-94, pl. 10 (1874), (11): 95-100, pl. 11 (1874), (12): 101-108, pl. 12 (1875), (13): 109-123, pl. 13 (1876), (14): 125-134, pl. 14 (1878), (15): 135-143, pl. 15 (1878)
Strecker, 1878
Annual report of Lieutenant E. H. Ruffner, Corps of Engineers, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1878. Explorations and surveys in the Department of the Missouri. Report of the Secretary of War for the Year 1878 2 in Ruffner, Ann. Rep. Chief of Engineers, App. SS for 1878: 1847-1872
Treitschke, 1834
Die Schmetterlinge von Europa in Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. 10 (1) : 1-286
Tutt, 1902
A natural history of the British Lepidoptera. A text-book for students and collectors Nat. Hist. Br. Lepid. 3 : 1-558
Walker, 1856
List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 8: 1-271 (1856)
Zeller, 1869
Skandinaviens Heterocer-Fjärilar, beskrifne af H. D. J. Wallengren Skymmings. fjarilarne Stettin ent. Ztg 30 (10-12) : 379-392

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