/* PSPP - a program for statistical analysis.
   Copyright (C) 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc

   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */

#include <config.h>

#include <math.h>
#include <gsl/gsl_cdf.h>

#include "data/case.h"
#include "data/casegrouper.h"
#include "data/casereader.h"
#include "data/dataset.h"
#include "data/dictionary.h"
#include "data/format.h"
#include "data/variable.h"
#include "data/subcase.h"
#include "data/casewriter.h"
#include "data/short-names.h"
#include "language/command.h"
#include "language/lexer/lexer.h"
#include "language/lexer/variable-parser.h"
#include "language/stats/sort-criteria.h"
#include "math/sort.h"
#include "libpspp/assertion.h"
#include "libpspp/i18n.h"
#include "libpspp/message.h"
#include "libpspp/misc.h"
#include "libpspp/pool.h"
#include "libpspp/string-set.h"
#include "libpspp/taint.h"
#include "output/pivot-table.h"

#include "gettext.h"
#define _(msgid) gettext (msgid)
#define N_(msgid) (msgid)

struct rank;

typedef double (*rank_function_t) (const struct rank*, double c, double cc, double cc_1,
				   int i, double w);

static double rank_proportion (const struct rank *, double c, double cc, double cc_1,
			       int i, double w);

static double rank_normal (const struct rank *, double c, double cc, double cc_1,
			   int i, double w);

static double rank_percent (const struct rank *, double c, double cc, double cc_1,
			    int i, double w);

static double rank_rfraction (const struct rank *, double c, double cc, double cc_1,
			      int i, double w);

static double rank_rank (const struct rank *, double c, double cc, double cc_1,
			 int i, double w);

static double rank_n (const struct rank *, double c, double cc, double cc_1,
		      int i, double w);

static double rank_savage (const struct rank *, double c, double cc, double cc_1,
			   int i, double w);

static double rank_ntiles (const struct rank *, double c, double cc, double cc_1,
			   int i, double w);


enum rank_func
  {
    RANK,
    NORMAL,
    PERCENT,
    RFRACTION,
    PROPORTION,
    N,
    NTILES,
    SAVAGE,
    n_RANK_FUNCS
  };

static const struct fmt_spec dest_format[n_RANK_FUNCS] = {
  {FMT_F, 9, 3}, /* rank */
  {FMT_F, 6, 4}, /* normal */
  {FMT_F, 6, 2}, /* percent */
  {FMT_F, 6, 4}, /* rfraction */
  {FMT_F, 6, 4}, /* proportion */
  {FMT_F, 6, 0}, /* n */
  {FMT_F, 3, 0}, /* ntiles */
  {FMT_F, 8, 4}  /* savage */
};

static const char * const function_name[n_RANK_FUNCS] = {
  "RANK",
  "NORMAL",
  "PERCENT",
  "RFRACTION",
  "PROPORTION",
  "N",
  "NTILES",
  "SAVAGE"
};

static const rank_function_t rank_func[n_RANK_FUNCS] = {
  rank_rank,
  rank_normal,
  rank_percent,
  rank_rfraction,
  rank_proportion,
  rank_n,
  rank_ntiles,
  rank_savage
};


enum ties
  {
    TIES_LOW,
    TIES_HIGH,
    TIES_MEAN,
    TIES_CONDENSE
  };

enum fraction
  {
    FRAC_BLOM,
    FRAC_RANKIT,
    FRAC_TUKEY,
    FRAC_VW
  };

struct rank_spec
{
  enum rank_func rfunc;
  const char **dest_names;
  const char **dest_labels;
};

/* If NEW_NAME exists in DICT or NEW_NAMES, returns NULL without changing
   anything.  Otherwise, inserts NEW_NAME in NEW_NAMES and returns the copy of
   NEW_NAME now in NEW_NAMES. */
static const char *
try_new_name (const char *new_name,
              const struct dictionary *dict, struct string_set *new_names)
{
  return (!dict_lookup_var (dict, new_name)
          && string_set_insert (new_names, new_name)
          ? string_set_find_node (new_names, new_name)->string
          : NULL);
}

/* Returns a variable name for storing ranks of a variable named SRC_NAME
   according to the rank function F.  The name chosen will not be one already in
   DICT or NEW_NAMES.

   If successful, adds the new name to NEW_NAMES and returns the name added.
   If no name can be generated, returns NULL. */
static const char *
rank_choose_dest_name (struct dictionary *dict, struct string_set *new_names,
                       enum rank_func f, const char *src_name)
{
  char *src_name_7;
  char name[128];
  const char *s;
  int i;

  /* Try the first character of the ranking function followed by the first 7
     bytes of the srcinal variable name. */
  src_name_7 = utf8_encoding_trunc (src_name, dict_get_encoding (dict), 7);
  snprintf (name, sizeof name, "%c%s", function_name[f][0], src_name_7);
  free (src_name_7);
  s = try_new_name (name, dict, new_names);
  if (s != NULL)
    return s;

  /* Try "fun###". */
  for (i = 1; i <= 999; i++)
    {
      sprintf (name, "%.3s%03d", function_name[f], i);
      s = try_new_name (name, dict, new_names);
      if (s != NULL)
        return s;
    }

  /* Try "RNKfn##". */
  for (i = 1; i <= 99; i++)
    {
      sprintf (name, "RNK%.2s%02d", function_name[f], i);
      s = try_new_name (name, dict, new_names);
      if (s != NULL)
        return s;
    }

  msg (ME, _("Cannot generate variable name for ranking %s with %s.  "
             "All candidates in use."),
       src_name, function_name[f]);
  return NULL;
}

struct rank
{
  struct dictionary *dict;

  struct subcase sc;

  const struct variable **vars;
  size_t n_vars;

  const struct variable **group_vars;
  size_t n_group_vars;


  enum mv_class exclude;

  struct rank_spec *rs;
  size_t n_rs;

  enum ties ties;

  enum fraction fraction;
  int k_ntiles;

  bool print;

  /* Pool on which cell functions may allocate data */
  struct pool *pool;
};


static void
destroy_rank (struct rank *rank)
{
 free (rank->vars);
 free (rank->group_vars);
 subcase_destroy (&rank->sc);
 pool_destroy (rank->pool);
}

static bool
parse_into (struct lexer *lexer, struct rank *cmd,
            struct string_set *new_names)
{
  int var_count = 0;
  struct rank_spec *rs = NULL;

  cmd->rs = pool_realloc (cmd->pool, cmd->rs, sizeof (*cmd->rs) * (cmd->n_rs + 1));
  rs = &cmd->rs[cmd->n_rs];

  if (lex_match_id (lexer, "RANK"))
    {
      rs->rfunc = RANK;
    }
  else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "NORMAL"))
    {
      rs->rfunc = NORMAL;
    }
  else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "RFRACTION"))
    {
      rs->rfunc = RFRACTION;
    }
  else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "N"))
    {
      rs->rfunc = N;
    }
  else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "SAVAGE"))
    {
      rs->rfunc = SAVAGE;
    }
  else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "PERCENT"))
    {
      rs->rfunc = PERCENT;
    }
  else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "PROPORTION"))
    {
      rs->rfunc = PROPORTION;
    }
  else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "NTILES"))
    {
      if (!lex_force_match (lexer, T_LPAREN))
	return false;

      if (! lex_force_int (lexer))
	return false;

      cmd->k_ntiles = lex_integer (lexer);
      lex_get (lexer);

      if (!lex_force_match (lexer, T_RPAREN))
	return false;

      rs->rfunc = NTILES;
    }
  else
    {
      lex_error (lexer, NULL);
      return false;
    }

  cmd->n_rs++;
  rs->dest_names = pool_calloc (cmd->pool, cmd->n_vars,
                                sizeof *rs->dest_names);

  if (lex_match_id (lexer, "INTO"))
    {
      while(lex_token (lexer) == T_ID)
	{
	  const char *name = lex_tokcstr (lexer);

	  if (var_count >= subcase_get_n_fields (&cmd->sc))
            msg (SE, _("Too many variables in %s clause."), "INTO");
	  else if (dict_lookup_var (cmd->dict, name) != NULL)
            msg (SE, _("Variable %s already exists."), name);
          else if (string_set_contains (new_names, name))
            msg (SE, _("Duplicate variable name %s."), name);
          else
            {
              string_set_insert (new_names, name);
              rs->dest_names[var_count++] = pool_strdup (cmd->pool, name);
              lex_get (lexer);
              continue;
            }

          /* Error path. */
          return false;
        }
    }

  return true;
}

/* Hardly a rank function !! */
static double
rank_n (const struct rank *cmd UNUSED, double c UNUSED, double cc UNUSED, double cc_1 UNUSED,
	int i UNUSED, double w)
{
  return w;
}


static double
rank_rank (const struct rank *cmd, double c, double cc, double cc_1,
	   int i, double w UNUSED)
{
  double rank;

  if (c >= 1.0)
    {
      switch (cmd->ties)
	{
	case TIES_LOW:
	  rank = cc_1 + 1;
	  break;
	case TIES_HIGH:
	  rank = cc;
	  break;
	case TIES_MEAN:
	  rank = cc_1 + (c + 1.0)/ 2.0;
	  break;
	case TIES_CONDENSE:
	  rank = i;
	  break;
	default:
	  NOT_REACHED ();
	}
    }
  else
    {
      switch (cmd->ties)
	{
	case TIES_LOW:
	  rank = cc_1;
	  break;
	case TIES_HIGH:
	  rank = cc;
	  break;
	case TIES_MEAN:
	  rank = cc_1 + c / 2.0 ;
	  break;
	case TIES_CONDENSE:
	  rank = i;
	  break;
	default:
	  NOT_REACHED ();
	}
    }

  return rank;
}


static double
rank_rfraction (const struct rank *cmd, double c, double cc, double cc_1,
		int i, double w)
{
  return rank_rank (cmd, c, cc, cc_1, i, w) / w ;
}


static double
rank_percent (const struct rank *cmd, double c, double cc, double cc_1,
	      int i, double w)
{
  return rank_rank (cmd, c, cc, cc_1, i, w) * 100.0 / w ;
}


static double
rank_proportion (const struct rank *cmd, double c, double cc, double cc_1,
		 int i, double w)
{
  const double r =  rank_rank (cmd, c, cc, cc_1, i, w) ;

  double f;

  switch (cmd->fraction)
    {
    case FRAC_BLOM:
      f =  (r - 3.0/8.0) / (w + 0.25);
      break;
    case FRAC_RANKIT:
      f = (r - 0.5) / w ;
      break;
    case FRAC_TUKEY:
      f = (r - 1.0/3.0) / (w + 1.0/3.0);
      break;
    case FRAC_VW:
      f = r / (w + 1.0);
      break;
    default:
      NOT_REACHED ();
    }


  return (f > 0) ? f : SYSMIS;
}

static double
rank_normal (const struct rank *cmd, double c, double cc, double cc_1,
	     int i, double w)
{
  double f = rank_proportion (cmd, c, cc, cc_1, i, w);

  return gsl_cdf_ugaussian_Pinv (f);
}

static double
rank_ntiles (const struct rank *cmd, double c, double cc, double cc_1,
	     int i, double w)
{
  double r = rank_rank (cmd, c, cc, cc_1, i, w);


  return (floor ((r * cmd->k_ntiles) / (w + 1)) + 1);
}

/* Expected value of the order statistics from an exponential distribution */
static double
ee (int j, double w_star)
{
  int k;
  double sum = 0.0;

  for (k = 1 ; k <= j; k++)
    sum += 1.0 / (w_star + 1 - k);

  return sum;
}


static double
rank_savage (const struct rank *cmd UNUSED, double c, double cc, double cc_1,
	     int i UNUSED, double w)
{
  double int_part;
  const int i_1 = floor (cc_1);
  const int i_2 = floor (cc);

  const double w_star = (modf (w, &int_part) == 0) ? w : floor (w) + 1;

  const double g_1 = cc_1 - i_1;
  const double g_2 = cc - i_2;

  /* The second factor is infinite, when the first is zero.
     Therefore, evaluate the second, only when the first is non-zero */
  const double expr1 =  (1 - g_1) ? (1 - g_1) * ee(i_1+1, w_star) : (1 - g_1);
  const double expr2 =  g_2 ? g_2 * ee (i_2+1, w_star) : g_2 ;

  if (i_1 == i_2)
    return ee (i_1 + 1, w_star) - 1;

  if (i_1 + 1 == i_2)
    return ((expr1 + expr2)/c) - 1;

  if (i_1 + 2 <= i_2)
    {
      int j;
      double sigma = 0.0;
      for (j = i_1 + 2 ; j <= i_2; ++j)
	sigma += ee (j, w_star);
      return ((expr1 + expr2 + sigma) / c) -1;
    }

  NOT_REACHED();
}

static double
sum_weights (const struct casereader *input, int weight_idx)
{
  if (weight_idx == -1)
    return casereader_count_cases (input);
  else
    {
      struct casereader *pass;
      struct ccase *c;
      double w;

      w = 0.0;
      pass = casereader_clone (input);
      for (; (c = casereader_read (pass)) != NULL; case_unref (c))
        w += case_num_idx (c, weight_idx);
      casereader_destroy (pass);

      return w;
    }
}

static void
rank_sorted_file (struct casereader *input,
                  struct casewriter *output,
                  int weight_idx,
		  const struct rank *cmd)
{
  struct casegrouper *tie_grouper;
  struct casereader *tied_cases;
  struct subcase input_var;
  int tie_group = 1;
  struct ccase *c;
  double cc = 0.0;
  double w;

  /* Get total group weight. */
  w = sum_weights (input, weight_idx);

  /* Do ranking. */
  subcase_init (&input_var, 0, 0, SC_ASCEND);
  tie_grouper = casegrouper_create_subcase (input, &input_var);
  subcase_destroy (&input_var);
  for (; casegrouper_get_next_group (tie_grouper, &tied_cases);
       casereader_destroy (tied_cases))
    {
      double tw = sum_weights (tied_cases, weight_idx);
      double cc_1 = cc;
      cc += tw;

      taint_propagate (casereader_get_taint (tied_cases),
                       casewriter_get_taint (output));

      /* Rank tied cases. */
      for (; (c = casereader_read (tied_cases)) != NULL; case_unref (c))
        {
          struct ccase *out_case;
          size_t i;

          out_case = case_create (casewriter_get_proto (output));
          case_data_rw_idx (out_case, 0)->f = case_num_idx (c, 1);
          for (i = 0; i < cmd->n_rs; ++i)
            {
              rank_function_t func = rank_func[cmd->rs[i].rfunc];
              double rank = func (cmd, tw, cc, cc_1, tie_group, w);
              case_data_rw_idx (out_case, i + 1)->f = rank;
            }

          casewriter_write (output, out_case);
        }
      tie_group++;
    }
  casegrouper_destroy (tie_grouper);
}


static bool
rank_cmd (struct dataset *ds,  const struct rank *cmd);

static const char *
fraction_name (const struct rank *cmd)
{
  switch (cmd->fraction)
    {
    case FRAC_BLOM:   return "BLOM";
    case FRAC_RANKIT: return "RANKIT";
    case FRAC_TUKEY:  return "TUKEY";
    case FRAC_VW:     return "VW";
    default:          NOT_REACHED ();
    }
}

/* Returns a label for a variable derived from SRC_VAR with function F. */
static const char *
create_var_label (struct rank *cmd, const struct variable *src_var,
                  enum rank_func f)
{
  struct string label;
  const char *pool_label;

  ds_init_empty (&label);

  if (cmd->n_group_vars > 0)
    {
      struct string group_var_str;
      int g;

      ds_init_empty (&group_var_str);

      for (g = 0 ; g < cmd->n_group_vars ; ++g)
	{
	  if (g > 0) ds_put_cstr (&group_var_str, " ");
	  ds_put_cstr (&group_var_str, var_get_name (cmd->group_vars[g]));
	}

      ds_put_format (&label, _("%s of %s by %s"), function_name[f],
		     var_get_name (src_var), ds_cstr (&group_var_str));
      ds_destroy (&group_var_str);
    }
  else
    ds_put_format (&label, _("%s of %s"),
                   function_name[f], var_get_name (src_var));

  pool_label = pool_strdup (cmd->pool, ds_cstr (&label));

  ds_destroy (&label);

  return pool_label;
}

int
cmd_rank (struct lexer *lexer, struct dataset *ds)
{
  struct string_set new_names;
  struct rank rank;
  struct rank_spec *rs;

  subcase_init_empty (&rank.sc);

  rank.rs = NULL;
  rank.n_rs = 0;
  rank.exclude = MV_ANY;
  rank.n_group_vars = 0;
  rank.group_vars = NULL;
  rank.dict = dataset_dict (ds);
  rank.ties = TIES_MEAN;
  rank.fraction = FRAC_BLOM;
  rank.print = true;
  rank.pool = pool_create ();

  string_set_init (&new_names);

  if (lex_match_id (lexer, "VARIABLES"))
    if (! lex_force_match (lexer, T_EQUALS))
      goto error;

  if (!parse_sort_criteria (lexer, rank.dict,
			    &rank.sc,
			    &rank.vars, NULL))
    goto error;

  rank.n_vars = rank.sc.n_fields;

  if (lex_match (lexer, T_BY))
    {
      if (! parse_variables_const (lexer, rank.dict,
				    &rank.group_vars, &rank.n_group_vars,
				    PV_NO_DUPLICATE | PV_NO_SCRATCH))
	goto error;
    }


  while (lex_token (lexer) != T_ENDCMD)
    {
      if (! lex_force_match (lexer, T_SLASH))
	goto error;
      if (lex_match_id (lexer, "TIES"))
	{
	  if (! lex_force_match (lexer, T_EQUALS))
	    goto error;
	  if (lex_match_id (lexer, "MEAN"))
	    {
	      rank.ties = TIES_MEAN;
	    }
	  else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "LOW"))
	    {
	      rank.ties = TIES_LOW;
	    }
	  else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "HIGH"))
	    {
	      rank.ties = TIES_HIGH;
	    }
	  else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "CONDENSE"))
	    {
	      rank.ties = TIES_CONDENSE;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      lex_error (lexer, NULL);
	      goto error;
	    }
	}
      else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "FRACTION"))
	{
	  if (! lex_force_match (lexer, T_EQUALS))
	    goto error;
	  if (lex_match_id (lexer, "BLOM"))
	    {
	      rank.fraction = FRAC_BLOM;
	    }
	  else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "TUKEY"))
	    {
	      rank.fraction = FRAC_TUKEY;
	    }
	  else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "VW"))
	    {
	      rank.fraction = FRAC_VW;
	    }
	  else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "RANKIT"))
	    {
	      rank.fraction = FRAC_RANKIT;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      lex_error (lexer, NULL);
	      goto error;
	    }
	}
      else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "PRINT"))
	{
	  if (! lex_force_match (lexer, T_EQUALS))
	    goto error;
	  if (lex_match_id (lexer, "YES"))
	    {
	      rank.print = true;
	    }
	  else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "NO"))
	    {
	      rank.print = false;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      lex_error (lexer, NULL);
	      goto error;
	    }
	}
      else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "MISSING"))
	{
	  if (! lex_force_match (lexer, T_EQUALS))
	    goto error;
	  if (lex_match_id (lexer, "INCLUDE"))
	    {
	      rank.exclude = MV_SYSTEM;
	    }
	  else if (lex_match_id (lexer, "EXCLUDE"))
	    {
	      rank.exclude = MV_ANY;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      lex_error (lexer, NULL);
	      goto error;
	    }
	}
      else if (! parse_into (lexer, &rank, &new_names))
	goto error;
    }


  /* If no rank specs are given, then apply a default */
  if (rank.n_rs == 0)
    {
      struct rank_spec *rs;

      rs = pool_calloc (rank.pool, 1, sizeof *rs);
      rs->rfunc = RANK;
      rs->dest_names = pool_calloc (rank.pool, rank.n_vars,
                                    sizeof *rs->dest_names);

      rank.rs = rs;
      rank.n_rs = 1;
    }

  /* Choose variable names for all rank destinations which haven't already been
     created with INTO. */
  for (rs = rank.rs; rs < &rank.rs[rank.n_rs]; rs++)
    {
      rs->dest_labels = pool_calloc (rank.pool, rank.n_vars,
                                     sizeof *rs->dest_labels);
      for (int v = 0 ; v < rank.n_vars ;  v ++)
        {
          const char **dst_name = &rs->dest_names[v];
          if (*dst_name == NULL)
            {
              *dst_name = rank_choose_dest_name (rank.dict, &new_names,
                                                 rs->rfunc,
                                                 var_get_name (rank.vars[v]));
              if (*dst_name == NULL)
                goto error;
            }

          rs->dest_labels[v] = create_var_label (&rank, rank.vars[v],
                                                 rs->rfunc);
        }
    }

  if (rank.print)
    {
      struct pivot_table *table = pivot_table_create (
        N_("Variables Created by RANK"));
      table->omit_empty = true;

      pivot_dimension_create (table, PIVOT_AXIS_COLUMN, N_("New Variable"),
                              N_("New Variable"), N_("Function"),
                              N_("Fraction"), N_("Grouping Variables"));

      struct pivot_dimension *variables = pivot_dimension_create (
        table, PIVOT_AXIS_ROW, N_("Existing Variable"),
        N_("Existing Variable"));
      variables->root->show_label = true;

      for (size_t i = 0 ; i <  rank.n_rs ; ++i)
	{
	  for (size_t v = 0 ; v < rank.n_vars ;  v ++)
	    {
              int row_idx = pivot_category_create_leaf (
                variables->root, pivot_value_new_variable (rank.vars[v]));

              struct string group_vars = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
              for (int g = 0 ; g < rank.n_group_vars ; ++g)
                {
                  if (g)
                    ds_put_byte (&group_vars, ' ');
                  ds_put_cstr (&group_vars, var_get_name (rank.group_vars[g]));
                }

              enum rank_func rfunc = rank.rs[i].rfunc;
              bool has_fraction = rfunc == NORMAL || rfunc == PROPORTION;
              const char *entries[] =
                {
                  rank.rs[i].dest_names[v],
                  function_name[rank.rs[i].rfunc],
                  has_fraction ? fraction_name (&rank) : NULL,
                  rank.n_group_vars ? ds_cstr (&group_vars) : NULL,
                };
              for (size_t j = 0; j < sizeof entries / sizeof *entries; j++)
                {
                  const char *entry = entries[j];
                  if (entry)
                    pivot_table_put2 (table, j, row_idx,
                                      pivot_value_new_user_text (entry, -1));
                }
              ds_destroy (&group_vars);
	    }
	}

      pivot_table_submit (table);
    }

  /* Do the ranking */
  rank_cmd (ds, &rank);

  destroy_rank (&rank);
  string_set_destroy (&new_names);
  return CMD_SUCCESS;

 error:

  destroy_rank (&rank);
  string_set_destroy (&new_names);
  return CMD_FAILURE;
}

/* RANK transformation. */
struct rank_trns
  {
    int order_case_idx;

    struct rank_trns_input_var *input_vars;
    size_t n_input_vars;

    size_t n_funcs;
  };

struct rank_trns_input_var
  {
    struct casereader *input;
    struct ccase *current;

    struct variable **output_vars;
  };

static void
advance_ranking (struct rank_trns_input_var *iv)
{
  case_unref (iv->current);
  iv->current = casereader_read (iv->input);
}

static int
rank_trns_proc (void *trns_, struct ccase **c, casenumber case_idx UNUSED)
{
  struct rank_trns *trns = trns_;
  double order = case_num_idx (*c, trns->order_case_idx);
  struct rank_trns_input_var *iv;

  *c = case_unshare (*c);
  for (iv = trns->input_vars; iv < &trns->input_vars[trns->n_input_vars]; iv++)
    while (iv->current != NULL)
      {
        double iv_order = case_num_idx (iv->current, 0);
        if (iv_order == order)
          {
            size_t i;

            for (i = 0; i < trns->n_funcs; i++)
              case_data_rw (*c, iv->output_vars[i])->f
                = case_num_idx (iv->current, i + 1);
            advance_ranking (iv);
            break;
          }
        else if (iv_order > order)
          break;
        else
          advance_ranking (iv);
      }
  return TRNS_CONTINUE;
}

static bool
rank_trns_free (void *trns_)
{
  struct rank_trns *trns = trns_;
  struct rank_trns_input_var *iv;

  for (iv = trns->input_vars; iv < &trns->input_vars[trns->n_input_vars]; iv++)
    {
      casereader_destroy (iv->input);
      case_unref (iv->current);

      free (iv->output_vars);
    }
  free (trns->input_vars);
  free (trns);

  return true;
}

static bool
rank_cmd (struct dataset *ds, const struct rank *cmd)
{
  struct dictionary *d = dataset_dict (ds);
  struct variable *weight_var = dict_get_weight (d);
  struct casewriter **outputs;
  struct variable *order_var;
  struct casereader *input;
  struct rank_trns *trns;
  bool ok = true;
  int i;

  order_var = add_permanent_ordering_transformation (ds);

  /* Create output files. */
  {
    struct caseproto *output_proto;
    struct subcase by_order;

    output_proto = caseproto_create ();
    for (i = 0; i < cmd->n_rs + 1; i++)
      output_proto = caseproto_add_width (output_proto, 0);

    subcase_init (&by_order, 0, 0, SC_ASCEND);

    outputs = xnmalloc (cmd->n_vars, sizeof *outputs);
    for (i = 0; i < cmd->n_vars; i++)
      outputs[i] = sort_create_writer (&by_order, output_proto);

    subcase_destroy (&by_order);
    caseproto_unref (output_proto);
  }

  /* Open the active file and make one pass per input variable. */
  input = proc_open (ds);
  input = casereader_create_filter_weight (input, d, NULL, NULL);
  for (i = 0 ; i < cmd->n_vars ; ++i)
    {
      const struct variable *input_var = cmd->vars[i];
      struct casereader *input_pass;
      struct casegrouper *split_grouper;
      struct casereader *split_group;
      struct subcase rank_ordering;
      struct subcase projection;
      struct subcase split_vars;
      struct subcase group_vars;
      int weight_idx;
      int j;

      /* Discard cases that have missing values of input variable. */
      input_pass = i == cmd->n_vars - 1 ? input : casereader_clone (input);
      input_pass = casereader_create_filter_missing (input_pass, &input_var, 1,
                                                     cmd->exclude, NULL, NULL);

      /* Keep only the columns we really need, to save time and space when we
         sort them just below.

         After this projection, the input_pass case indexes look like:

           - 0: input_var.
           - 1: order_var.
           - 2 and up: cmd->n_group_vars group variables
           - 2 + cmd->n_group_vars and up: split variables
           - 2 + cmd->n_group_vars + n_split_vars: weight var
      */
      subcase_init_empty (&projection);
      subcase_add_var_always (&projection, input_var, SC_ASCEND);
      subcase_add_var_always (&projection, order_var, SC_ASCEND);
      subcase_add_vars_always (&projection,
                               cmd->group_vars, cmd->n_group_vars);
      subcase_add_vars_always (&projection, dict_get_split_vars (d),
                               dict_get_split_cnt (d));
      if (weight_var != NULL)
        {
          subcase_add_var_always (&projection, weight_var, SC_ASCEND);
          weight_idx = 2 + cmd->n_group_vars + dict_get_split_cnt (d);
        }
      else
        weight_idx = -1;
      input_pass = casereader_project (input_pass, &projection);
      subcase_destroy (&projection);

      /* Prepare 'group_vars' as the set of grouping variables. */
      subcase_init_empty (&group_vars);
      for (j = 0; j < cmd->n_group_vars; j++)
        subcase_add_always (&group_vars,
                            j + 2, var_get_width (cmd->group_vars[j]),
                            SC_ASCEND);

      /* Prepare 'rank_ordering' for sorting with the group variables as
         primary key and the input variable as secondary key. */
      subcase_clone (&rank_ordering, &group_vars);
      subcase_add (&rank_ordering, 0, 0, subcase_get_direction (&cmd->sc, i));

      /* Group by split variables */
      subcase_init_empty (&split_vars);
      for (j = 0; j < dict_get_split_cnt (d); j++)
        subcase_add_always (&split_vars, 2 + j + cmd->n_group_vars,
                            var_get_width (dict_get_split_vars (d)[j]),
                            SC_ASCEND);
      split_grouper = casegrouper_create_subcase (input_pass, &split_vars);
      subcase_destroy (&split_vars);
      while (casegrouper_get_next_group (split_grouper, &split_group))
        {
          struct casereader *ordered;
          struct casegrouper *by_grouper;
          struct casereader *by_group;

          ordered = sort_execute (split_group, &rank_ordering);
          by_grouper = casegrouper_create_subcase (ordered, &group_vars);
          while (casegrouper_get_next_group (by_grouper, &by_group))
            rank_sorted_file (by_group, outputs[i], weight_idx, cmd);
          ok = casegrouper_destroy (by_grouper) && ok;
        }
      subcase_destroy (&group_vars);
      subcase_destroy (&rank_ordering);

      ok = casegrouper_destroy (split_grouper) && ok;
    }
  ok = proc_commit (ds) && ok;

  /* Re-fetch the dictionary and order variable, because if TEMPORARY was in
     effect then there's a new dictionary. */
  d = dataset_dict (ds);
  order_var = dict_lookup_var_assert (d, "$ORDER");

  /* Merge the original data set with the ranks (which we already sorted on
     $ORDER). */
  trns = xmalloc (sizeof *trns);
  trns->order_case_idx = var_get_case_index (order_var);
  trns->input_vars = xnmalloc (cmd->n_vars, sizeof *trns->input_vars);
  trns->n_input_vars = cmd->n_vars;
  trns->n_funcs = cmd->n_rs;
  for (i = 0; i < trns->n_input_vars; i++)
    {
      struct rank_trns_input_var *iv = &trns->input_vars[i];
      int j;

      iv->input = casewriter_make_reader (outputs[i]);
      iv->current = casereader_read (iv->input);
      iv->output_vars = xnmalloc (trns->n_funcs, sizeof *iv->output_vars);
      for (j = 0; j < trns->n_funcs; j++)
        {
          struct rank_spec *rs = &cmd->rs[j];
          struct variable *var;

          var = dict_create_var_assert (d, rs->dest_names[i], 0);
          var_set_both_formats (var, &dest_format[rs->rfunc]);
          var_set_label (var, rs->dest_labels[i]);

          iv->output_vars[j] = var;
        }
    }
  free (outputs);

  add_transformation (ds, rank_trns_proc, rank_trns_free, trns);

  /* Delete our sort key, which we don't need anymore. */
  dict_delete_var (d, order_var);

  return ok;
}
