42 (number) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

# 42 (number)

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← 41 | 42 | 43 →
← 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 → List of numbers — Integers ← 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 →
Cardinal | forty-two
Ordinal | 42nd (forty-second)
Factorization | 2 · 3 · 7
Divisors | 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42
Roman numeral | XLII
Unicode symbol(s) |
Greek prefix | μβ
Binary | 1010102
Ternary | 11203
Quaternary | 2224
Quinary | 1325
Senary | 1106
Octal | 528
Duodecimal | 3612
Hexadecimal | 2A16
Vigesimal | 2220
Base 36 | 1636

42 (forty-two) is the natural number immediately following 41 and directly preceding 43. The number has received considerable attention in popular culture as a result of its central appearance in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy as the "Answer to The Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything".

## Mathematics[edit]

- Forty-two is a pronic number and an abundant number; its prime factorization 2 · 3 · 7 makes it the second sphenic number and also the second of the form { 2 · 3 · r }. As with all sphenic numbers of this form, the aliquot sum is abundant by 12. 42 is also the second sphenic number to be bracketed by twin primes; 30 is also a pronic number and also rests between two primes. 42 has a 14 member aliquot sequence 42, 54, 66, 78, 90, 144, 259, 45, 33, 15, 9, 4, 3, 1, 0 and is itself part of the aliquot sequence commencing with the first sphenic number 30. Further, 42 is the 10th member of the 3-aliquot tree.
- It is the third primary pseudoperfect number.
- It is a Catalan number. Consequently; 42 is the number of noncrossing partitions of a set of five elements, the number of triangulations of a heptagon, the number of rooted ordered binary trees with six leaves, the number of ways in which five pairs of nested parentheses can be arranged, etc.
- It is the number of partitions of 10 - the number of ways of expressing 10 as a sum of positive integers (note a different sense of partition from that above).

The 3 × 3 × 3 magic cube with rows summing to 42.

- Given 27 same-size cubes whose nominal values progress from 1 to 27, a 3×3×3 magic cube can be constructed such that every row, column, and corridor, and every diagonal passing through the center, is composed of 3 cubes whose sum of values is 42.
- It is the third pentadecagonal number. It is a meandric number and an open meandric number.
- It is conjectured to be the scaling factor in the leading order term of the "sixth moment of the Riemann zeta function". In particular, Conrey & Ghosh have conjectured that
    .
    where the infinite product is over all prime numbers, p.[1][2]
- 42 is a Størmer number.
- In base 10, this number is a Harshad number and a self number, while it is a repdigit in base 4 (as 222).
- 42 is the only known value that is the number of sets of four distinct positive integers a,b,c,d, each less than the value itself, such that ab-cd, ac-bd, and ad-bc are each multiples of the value. Whether there are other values remains an open question.[3]
- 42 is a (2,6)-perfect number (super-multiperfect), as [4]
- 42 is a perfect score on the USA Math Olympiad (USAMO)[5] and International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO).[6]
- 42 is the maximum of core points awarded in International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme.
- 42 is the resulting number of the original Smith number (4937775): Both the sum of its digits (4+9+3+7+7+7+5) as the sum of the digits in its prime factorization (3+5+5+(6+5+8+3+7)) result in 42.
- The dimension of the Borel subalgebra in the exceptional Lie algebra e6 is 42.

## Science[edit]

- The atomic number of molybdenum.
- The angle rounded to whole degrees for which a rainbow appears (the critical angle).
- In 1966, mathematician Paul Cooper theorized that the fastest, most efficient way to travel across continents would be to bore a straight hollow tube directly through the Earth, connecting a set of antipodes, remove the air from the tube and fall through.[7] The first half of the journey consists of free-fall acceleration, while the second half consists of an exactly equal deceleration. The time for such a journey works out to be 42 minutes. Even if the tube does not pass through the exact center of the Earth, the time for a journey powered entirely by gravity (known as a gravity train) always works out to be 42 minutes, so long as the tube remains friction-free, as while the force of gravity would be lessened, the distance traveled is reduced at an equal rate.[8][9] (The same idea was proposed, without calculation by Lewis Carroll in 1893 in Sylvie and Bruno Concluded.[10])

## Technology[edit]

- Magic numbers used by programmers:
  - The glyph, or character, corresponding to the number 42 in the ASCII character set, is *, the asterisk, commonly known as the wildcard character.
  - In the TIFF image file format, the second 16-bit word of every file is 42, which is used together with the first word to indicate byte order.
  - In the reiser4 file system, 42 is the inode number of the root directory.
  - In the military IRIG 106 Chapter 10 data recording standard, the hex value 0x464F52545974776F (ASCII "FORTYtwo") is used as a magic number to identify directory blocks.
- The GNU C Library, a set of standard routines available for use in computer programming, contains a function—`memfrob()`—which performs an XOR combination of a given variable and the binary pattern 00101010 (42) as an XOR cipher.
- 42 is the result given by the web search engines Google and Wolfram Alpha when the query "the answer to life the universe and everything" is entered as a search.
- Tiling a plane using regular hexagons, which is honeycomb in appearance, is approximated in a topological sense to an accuracy of better than 1% using a stretcher bond brick pattern with bricks of 42 squares (6 by 7).[11]
- The password expiration policy for a Microsoft Windows domain defaults to 42 days.[12]

## Astronomy[edit]

- Messier object M42, a magnitude 5.0 diffuse nebula in the constellation Orion, also known as the Orion Nebula
- The New General Catalogue object NGC 42, a spiral galaxy in the constellation Pegasus
- In January 2004, asteroid 2001 DA42 was given the permanent name 25924 Douglasadams, for the author Douglas Adams who popularized the number 42 and died in 2001. Brian G. Marsden, the director of the Minor Planet Center and the secretary for the naming committee, remarked that, with even his initials in the provisional designation, "This was sort of made for him, wasn't it?"
- Kepler-42, a red dwarf in the constellation Cygnus around which orbits the three smallest exoplanets found to date.

## Religion[edit]

- In Japanese culture, the number 42 is considered unlucky because the numerals when pronounced separately — "shi ni" (four two) — sound like the phrase, "unto death".[13]
- There are 42 principles of Ma'at, the Ancient Egyptian personification of physical and moral law, order, and truth. In the judgment scene described in the Egyptian and the Book of the Coming/Going Forth by Day (the Book of the Dead (which evolved from the Coffin Texts and the Pyramid Texts)), there are 42 gods and goddesses of Egypt, personifying the principles of Ma'at. These 42 correspond to the 42 Nomes (Governmental Units) of Egypt. If the departed successfully answers all 42, s/he becomes an Osiris.
- 42 is the number with which God creates the Universe in Kabbalistic tradition. In Kabbalah, the most significant name is that of the En Sof (also known as "Ein Sof", "Infinite" or "Endless"), who is above the Sefirot (sometimes spelled "Sephirot").[14] The Forty-Two-Lettered Name contains four combined names which are spelled in Hebrew letters (spelled in letters = 42 letters), which is the name of Azilut (or "Atziluth" "Emanation"). While there are obvious links between the Forty-Two Lettered Name of the Babylonian Talmud and the Kabbalah's Forty-Two Lettered Name, they are probably not identical because of the Kabbalah's emphasis on numbers. The Kabbalah also contains a Forty-Five Lettered Name and a Seventy-Two Lettered Name.
- The number 42 appears in various contexts in Christianity. There are 42 generations (names) in the Gospel of Matthew's version of the Genealogy of Jesus; it is prophesied that for 42 months the Beast will hold dominion over the Earth (Revelation 13:5); 42 men of Beth-azmaveth were counted in the census of men of Israel upon return from exile (Ezra 2:24); God sent bears to maul 42 of the teenage boys who mocked Elisha for his baldness (2 Kings 2:23), etc.
- In Judaism, the number (in the Babylonian Talmud, compiled 375 AD to 499 AD) of the "Forty-Two Lettered Name" ascribed to God. Rab (or Rabhs), a 3rd-century source in the Talmud stated "The Forty-Two Lettered Name is entrusted only to him who is pious, meek, middle-aged, free from bad temper, sober, and not insistent on his rights". [Source: Talmud Kidduschin 71a, Translated by Rabbi Dr. I. Epstein]. Maimonides felt that the original Talmudic Forty-Two Lettered Name was perhaps composed of several combined divine names [Maimonides "Moreh"]. The apparently unpronouncable Tetragrammaton provides the backdrop from the Twelve-Lettered Name and the Forty-Two Lettered Name of the Talmud.[citation needed]
- The Gutenberg Bible is also known as the "42-line Bible", as the book contained 42 lines per page.
- The Forty-Two Articles (1552), largely the work of Thomas Cranmer, were intended to summarise Anglican doctrine, as it now existed under the reign of Edward VI.

## Popular culture[edit]

### The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy[edit]

The number 42 is, in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams, "The Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything", calculated by an enormous supercomputer over a period of 7.5 million years. Unfortunately no one knows what the question is. Thus, to calculate the Ultimate Question, a special computer the size of a small planet and built from organic components was created and named "Earth". This appeared first in the radio play and later in the novelization of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. The fourth book in the series, the novel So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish, contains 42 chapters. According to the novel Mostly Harmless, 42 is the street address of Stavromula Beta. In 1994 Adams created the 42 Puzzle, a game based on the number 42.

The book 42: Douglas Adams' Amazingly Accurate Answer to Life, the Universe and Everything[15] examines Adams' choice of the number 42 and also contains a compendium of some instances of the number in science, popular culture, and humour.

### Works of Lewis Carroll[edit]

Lewis Carroll[16] made repeated use of this number in his writings.[17]

Examples of Carroll's use of 42:

- Alice's Adventures in Wonderland has 42 illustrations.
- Rule Forty-two in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland ("All persons more than a mile high to leave the court").
- Rule 42 of the Code in the preface[18] to The Hunting of the Snark ("No one shall speak to the Man at the Helm").
- In "fit the first" of The Hunting of the Snark the Baker had "forty-two boxes, all carefully packed, With his name painted clearly on each."[19]
- The White Queen announces her age as "one hundred and one, five months and a day", which - if the best possible date is assumed for the action of Through the Looking-Glass - gives a total of 37,044 days. With the further (textually unconfirmed) assumption that both Queens were born on the same day their combined age becomes 74,088 days, which is 42 x 42 x 42. Some commentators have asserted that this is deliberate on Carroll's part.[20]

### Music[edit]

- Level 42 is an English pop/rock music band.
- "42" is one of the tracks on Coldplay's 2008 album Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends.
- "Channel 42" is a track from deadmau5' 2012 album Album Title Goes Here.
- "42" is a track by The Disco Biscuits and was written by "Marc Brownstein".

### Television and film[edit]

- The Kumars at No. 42 television series. In 2003, Sanjeev Bhaskar hosted a BBC show nominating The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy as Britain's Best Loved Book.
- A made for TV movie 42: Forty Two Up - an installment in a series of documentaries wherein the director revisits the same group of British-born individuals every 7 years.[21]
- "42" is an episode of Doctor Who, set in real time lasting approximately 42 minutes.
- The USS Enterprise D had 42 decks
- In an episode of Stargate Atlantis the character John Sheppard reveals that the number is the ultimate answer to life, the universe and everything, to the confusion of his alien companion.
- On the game show Jeopardy!, "Watson" the IBM supercomputer, has 42 "threads" in its avatar.[22]
- On the Unusuals TV-show there's an episode called "42". Detective Leo Banks recently turned 42. On account of his father, uncle, and grandfather dropping dead at 42, Leo is convinced he'll share their fate. There were 42s all over the episode.
- 42 (film) is a film on the life of American baseball player Jackie Robinson.
- I, Robot (film) 42 is the number of the first robot shown in the movie, a FedEx Delivery robot.
- 42 is the number of Tony Stark's latest armor (Mark 42) in Marvel Studios' movie Iron Man 3 by Shane Black starring Robert Downey Jr.

### Video games[edit]

- 42 Entertainment is the company responsible for several alternate reality games, including I Love Bees, Year Zero, and Why So Serious.
- In Spore, reaching the center of the galaxy yields a powerful item known as the "Staff of Life" which has a limited 42 uses. It also grants the player an achievement titled "42".
- In Fable II, the last in a series of ancient artifacts the player can find says "Now just think of the number 42."
- In Left 4 Dead 2, 42 is the number of Moustachios that must be shot in the Dark Carnival campaign's Whack-a-Mole style mini-game in order to unlock the STACH WACKER achievement.
- In Halo Wars there is a Spartan-II Commando called Douglas-042.

### Sports[edit]

Jackie Robinson in his now-retired number 42 jersey.

- The jersey number of Jackie Robinson, which is the only number retired by all Major League Baseball teams. Although the number was retired in 1997, Mariano Rivera of the New York Yankees, the last professional baseball player to wear number 42, continued to wear it until he retired at the end of the 2013 season. As of the 2014 season, no player will ever again wear the number 42 in Major League Baseball except on Jackie Robinson Day (April 15), when all uniformed personnel (players, managers, coaches, and umpires) wear the number.
- The jersey number of basketball Hall of Famer and one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History James Worthy, small forward for the Los Angeles Lakers, who retired his jersey number in 1995.
- The jersey number of American football Hall of Fame, Ronnie Lott, safety for the San Francisco 49ers, who retired his jersey number in 2003.
- The jersey number of Chicago Bears legend Sid Luckman, which was retired by the Bears.
- The jersey number of Pat Tillman, which was retired on November 13, 2004 by Arizona State University.
- The jersey number of baseball Hall of Famer Bruce Sutter, retired by the St. Louis Cardinals on September 17, 2006.
- The number of laws of cricket
- Rule 42 is the historic name of a Gaelic Athletic Association rule (now codified in Rule 5.1 and Rule 44) that in practice prohibits the playing of "foreign sports" (generally association football and the rugby codes) at GAA grounds.
- 42 is the number of a NASCAR car owned by Earnhardt Ganassi Racing. As of the upcoming 2014 season, it will be driven by Kyle Larson.

## Other fields[edit]

- the 3D games of TRIADEM use 42 pieces with 6 players and the board structure consists of many occurrences of 42.
- +42 is the historic Country calling code for the former country of Czechoslovakia.
- There are 42 US gallons in a barrel of oil.
- 42 is the number of the French department of Loire. The number is also reflected in the postal code for that area.
- The board game Risk (game) has forty-two territories
- Tower 42 is a skyscraper in the City of London, formerly known as the NatWest Tower.
- The name of a Texan trick-taking game played with dominoes (see 42 (dominoes)).
- The number of spots (or pips, circular patches or pits) on a pair of standard six-sided dice.
- In New York City, 42nd Street is a main and very popular two-way thoroughfare. Landmarks on it include the Chrysler Building, Grand Central Terminal, the main branch of the New York Public Library, and Times Square. The New York City street is also the setting for a movie by the same name (which also gave fame to its eponymous title song), and which later inspired a musical adaptation, 42nd Street.
- Popular gadget magazine Stuff did not produce an issue numbered 42, in honor of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, instead, the 41st issue was followed by the 43rd.
- The designation within ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 of its working group on Architecture was chosen to be "WG 42" because architecture is the answer to "Life, the Universe and Everything", skipping over designations 26 through 41.
- Fictional comic book superhero Miles Morales is bitten by a genetically altered spider with a red 42 marked on its abdomen. Morales later assumes the role of Spider-Man as a result of the bite and following the death of Peter Parker in the Ultimate Marvel universe from Marvel Comics. Morales also wins a coveted spot in a prestigious charter school after his number (42) is chosen during a lottery.
- In the Shakespearean play Romeo and Juliet, Juliet takes a potion that makes her appear dead for 42 hours.
- 42 is a free tabloid devoted to technology news in Huntsville, Alabama. It is published by the Huntsville Times and is named for "The Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything"

## Other languages[edit]

Language | Translation
--- | ---
Afrikaans | twee-en-veertig
Arabic | إثنان و أربعون
Basque | Berrogeita bi
Bulgarian | четиридесет и две
Catalan | quaranta-dos
Chinese | 四十二 (肆拾贰)
Chuvash | хĕрĕх иккĕ (IIXXXX)
Croatian | četrdesetdva
Czech | čtyřicet dva
Danish | toogfyrre
Dutch | tweeënveertig
Esperanto | kvardek du
Estonian | nelikümmend kaks
Finnish | neljäkymmentäkaksi
Filipino | apatnapu't dalawa
French | quarante-deux
Frisian | twaenfjirtich
Georgian | ორმოცდაორი [ormocdaori]
German | zweiundvierzig
Greek | σαράντα δύο
Hebrew | ארבעים ושתיים (arbayim u-shtayim)
Hindi | बयालीस, ४२
Hungarian | negyvenkettő
Icelandic | fjörutíu og tveir
Indonesian | empat puluh dua
Irish | daichead ceathar
Italian | quarantadue
Japanese | 四十二 (よんじゅうに)
Kazakh | Қырық екі
Korean | 사십이 (마흔둘)
Kannada | Nalavath yeradu
Latvian | četrdesmit divi
Lietuvių | keturiasdešimt du
Lojban | vore
Luxembourgish | zweeavéierzeg
Macedonian | четириесет и два
Malayalam | naalpathi randu
Maltese | tnejn u erbghin
Māori | whā tekau ma rua
Marathi | bechalis
Mongolian | дөчин хоёр
Norwegian | førtito
Persian | چهل و دو
Polish | czterdzieści dwa
Portuguese | quarenta e dois
Romanian | patruzeci și doi
Russian | сорок два
Serbian | четрдесет и два (alt. четрдесет два)
Sinhala | හතලිස් දෙක (Hathalis Deka)
Slovene | dvainštirideset
Slovak | štyridsaťdva
Somali | laba iyo afartan
Spanish | cuarenta y dos
Swedish | fyrtiotvå
Tagalog | apatnapu't dalawa
Tamil | நாற்பத்திரண்டு (Narpatti Errundu)
Telugu | నలభై రెండు (Nalabai Rendu)
Thai | สี่สิบสอง
Turkish | kırk iki
Ukrainian | Сорок два
Urdu | بیالیس
Vietnamese | bốn mươi hai
Welsh | pedwar-deg-dau, dau-ar-ddeugain

## References[edit]

1. ^ J. B. Conrey & A. Ghosh, "A conjecture for the sixth power moment of the Riemann zeta-function" International Mathematics Research Notices (1998)
2. ^ J. B. Conrey & S. M. Gonek, "High moments of the Riemann zeta-function" Duke Math J. 107 3 (2001): 577 – 604
3. ^ Differently Perfect - mathpages.com
4. ^ Sequence A019283 in OEIS
5. ^ Alex Zhai ties for second-highest score in 2007 USA Mathematical Olympiad - By Andrew Lovdahl Gargoyle staff reporter Posted Monday, May 7, 2007, The OG, news & student awards - Online Gargoyle
6. ^ CBC News staff, "Canadian math champ's skills add up to a perfect score" CBC News July 20, 2004. "A 16-year-old Canadian was one of four students who achieved a perfect score at an international mathematics competition. Jacob Tsimerman of Toronto scored 42 out of 42, making him one of 45 individual gold medallists at the 45th International Mathematical Olympiad in Athens."
7. ^ Cooper, Paul W. (1966). "Through the Earth in Forty Minutes". American Journal of Physics 34 (1): 68–69. doi:10.1119/1.1972773.
8. ^ "To Everywhere in 42 Minutes". Time. February 11, 1966. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-18.
9. ^ "Jumping into a 7,965 mile deep hole". Archived from the original on June 2, 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-18.
10. ^ Carroll, Lewis (29 December 1893). "Chapter 7". Sylvie and Bruno Concluded 2. illustrated by Harry Furniss. United Kingdom: Macmillan and Co. "Each railway is in a long tunnel, perfectly straight: so of course the middle of it is nearer the centre of the globe than the two ends: so every train runs half-way down-hill, and that gives it force enough to run the other half up-hill."
11. ^ Lee Middleton; Jayanthi Sivaswamy (2002). "Framework for practical hexagonal-image processing". Journal of Electronic Imaging 11 (104). doi:10.1117/1.1426078. Retrieved January 17, 2010 (abstract only). Check date values in: `|accessdate=` (help)
12. ^ "Maximum password age". Microsoft TechNet. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
13. ^ Niiya, Brian. Japanese American history: an A-to-Z reference from 1868 to the present. Facts on File, Inc., 1993, p. 352
14. ^ Joel Primack; Nancy E. Abrams. "In A Beginning...Quantum Cosmology and Kabbalah" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-03-14.
15. ^ Gill, Peter (February 3, 2011). "42: Douglas Adams' Amazingly Accurate Answer to Life the Universe and Everything". London: Guardian. Retrieved 03/04/2011. Check date values in: `|accessdate=` (help)
16. ^ Lewis Carroll and Douglas Adams
17. ^ The Mystery of Lewis Carroll, Jenny Woolf
18. ^ The Hunting of the Snark, by Lewis Carroll
19. ^ The Hunting of the Snark, by Lewis Carroll
20. ^ What Lewis Carroll Taught Us: Alice's creator knew all about role-playing. by Seth Lerer, March 4, 2010
21. ^ 42: Forty Two Up at IMDB
22. ^ http://www.slate.com/id/2284721/ Ken Jennings

## External links[edit]

| Look up forty-two in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

- Grime, James; Gerardo Adesso; Phil Moriarty. "42 and Douglas Adams". Numberphile. Brady Haran.

Integers
0s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
100s
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109
110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119
120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129
130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139
140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149
150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159
160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169
170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179
180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189
190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199
200s
200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209
210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219
220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229
230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239
240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249
250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259
260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269
270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279
280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289
290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299
300s
300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309
310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319
320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329
330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339
340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349
350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359
360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369
370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379
380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389
390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399
400s
400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409
410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419
420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429
430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439
440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449
450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459
460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469
470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479
480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489
490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499
500s
500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509
510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519
520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529
530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539
540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549
550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559
560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569
570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579
580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589
590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599
600s
600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609
610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619
620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629
630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639
640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649
650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659
660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669
670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679
680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689
690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699
700s
700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709
710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719
720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729
730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739
740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749
750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759
760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769
770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779
780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789
790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799
800s
800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809
810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819
820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829
830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839
840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849
850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859
860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869
870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879
880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889
890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899
900s
900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909
910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919
920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929
930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939
940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949
950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959
960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969
970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979
980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989
990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999

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