/*!

\if MANPAGES
\page dcm2json Convert DICOM file and data set to JSON
\else
\page dcm2json dcm2json: Convert DICOM file and data set to JSON
\endif

\section dcm2json_synopsis SYNOPSIS

\verbatim
dcm2json [options] dcmfile-in [jsonfile-out]
\endverbatim

\section dcm2json_description DESCRIPTION

The \b dcm2json utility converts the contents of a DICOM file (file format or
raw data set) to JSON (JavaScript Object Notation).  The output refers to the
"DICOM JSON Model", which is found in DICOM Part 18 Section F.

If \b dcm2json reads a raw data set (DICOM data without a file format
meta-header) it will attempt to guess the transfer syntax by examining the
first few bytes of the file.  It is not always possible to correctly guess the
transfer syntax and it is better to convert a data set to a file format
whenever possible (using the \b dcmconv utility).  It is also possible to use
the \e -f and <em>-t[ieb]</em> options to force \b dcm2json to read a data set
with a particular transfer syntax.

\section dcm2json_parameters PARAMETERS

\verbatim
dcmfile-in    DICOM input filename to be converted

jsonfile-out  JSON output filename (default: stdout)
\endverbatim

\section dcm2json_options OPTIONS

\subsection dcm2json_general_options general options
\verbatim
  -h    --help
          print this help text and exit

        --version
          print version information and exit

        --arguments
          print expanded command line arguments

  -q    --quiet
          quiet mode, print no warnings and errors

  -v    --verbose
          verbose mode, print processing details

  -d    --debug
          debug mode, print debug information

  -ll   --log-level  [l]evel: string constant
          (fatal, error, warn, info, debug, trace)
          use level l for the logger

  -lc   --log-config  [f]ilename: string
          use config file f for the logger
\endverbatim

\subsection dcm2json_input_options input options
\verbatim
input file format:

  +f    --read-file
          read file format or data set (default)

  +fo   --read-file-only
          read file format only

  -f    --read-dataset
          read data set without file meta information

input transfer syntax:

  -t=   --read-xfer-auto
          use TS recognition (default)

  -td   --read-xfer-detect
          ignore TS specified in the file meta header

  -te   --read-xfer-little
          read with explicit VR little endian TS

  -tb   --read-xfer-big
          read with explicit VR big endian TS

  -ti   --read-xfer-implicit
          read with implicit VR little endian TS
\endverbatim

\subsection dcm2json_output_options output options
\verbatim
output format:

  +fc   --formatted-code
          enable whitespace formatting (default)

          # prints additional spaces and newlines for increased
          # readability

  -fc   --compact-code
          print only required characters

  +m    --write-meta
          write data set with meta information
          (warning: not conforming to the DICOM standard)
\endverbatim

\section dcm2json_json_format JSON Format

The basic structure of the JSON output created from a DICOM file looks like
the following (see DICOM Part 18 Section F for details):

\verbatim
{
    "00080005": {
        "vr": "CS",
        "Value": [
            "ISO_IR 192"
        ]
    },
    "00080020": {
        "vr": "DT",
        "Value": [
            "20130409"
        ]
    },
    "00080030": {
        "vr": "TM",
        "Value": [
            "131600.0000"
        ]
    },
    "00080050": {
        "vr": "SH",
        "Value": [
            "11235813"
        ]
    },
    "00080056": {
        "vr": "CS",
        "Value": [
            "ONLINE"
        ]
    },
    "00080061": {
        "vr": "CS",
        "Value": [
            "CT",
            "PET"
        ]
    },
    "00080090": {
        "vr": "PN",
        "Value": [
          {
            "Alphabetic": "^Bob^^Dr."
          }
        ]
    },
    "00081190": {
        "vr": "UR",
        "Value": [
            "http://wado.nema.org/studies/
            1.2.392.200036.9116.2.2.2.1762893313.1029997326.945873"
        ]
    },
    "00090010": {
        "vr": "LO",
        "Value": [
            "Vendor A"
        ]
    },
    "00091002": {
        "vr": "UN",
        "InlineBinary": "z0x9c8v7"
    },
    "00100010": {
        "vr": "PN",
        "Value": [
          {
            "Alphabetic": "Wang^XiaoDong"
          }
        ]
    },
    "00100020": {
        "vr": "LO",
        "Value": [
            "12345"
        ]
    },
    "00100021": {
        "vr": "LO",
        "Value": [
            "Hospital A"
        ]
    },
    "00100030": {
        "vr": "DT",
        "Value": [
            "19670701"
        ]
    },
    "00100040": {
        "vr": "CS",
        "Value": [
            "M"
        ]
    },
    "00101002": {
        "vr": "SQ",
        "Value": [
            {
                "00100020": {
                    "vr": "LO",
                    "Value": [
                        "54321"
                    ]
                },
                "00100021": {
                    "vr": "LO",
                    "Value": [
                        "Hospital B"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "00100020": {
                    "vr": "LO",
                    "Value": [
                        "24680"
                    ]
                },
                "00100021": {
                    "vr": "LO",
                    "Value": [
                        "Hospital C"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    },
    "0020000D": {
        "vr": "UI",
        "Value": [
            "1.2.392.200036.9116.2.2.2.1762893313.1029997326.945873"
        ]
    },
    "00200010": {
        "vr": "SH",
        "Value": [
            "11235813"
        ]
    },
    "00201206": {
        "vr": "IS",
        "Value": [
            4
        ]
    },
    "00201208": {
        "vr": "IS",
        "Value": [
            942
        ]
    }
}
\endverbatim

\subsection dcm2json_bulk_data Bulk Data

Binary data, i.e. DICOM element values with Value Representations (VR) of OB
or OW, as well as OD, OF and UN values are by default not written to the JSON
output because of their size.  Instead, for each element, a new Universally
Unique Identifier (UUID) is being generated and written as an value of a
BulkDataURI JSON element.  So far, there is no possibility to write an
additional file to hold the binary data for each of the binary data chunks.

\section dcm2json_notes NOTES

\subsection dcm2json_character_encoding Character Encoding

\b dcm2json always tries to output in UTF-8 encoding.  If this is not possible,
e.g. because there is no support for character set conversion, ASCII is used
instead (which is a subset of UTF-8).

\section dcm2json_logging LOGGING

The level of logging output of the various command line tools and underlying
libraries can be specified by the user.  By default, only errors and warnings
are written to the standard error stream.  Using option \e --verbose also
informational messages like processing details are reported.  Option
\e --debug can be used to get more details on the internal activity, e.g. for
debugging purposes.  Other logging levels can be selected using option
\e --log-level.  In \e --quiet mode only fatal errors are reported.  In such
very severe error events, the application will usually terminate.  For more
details on the different logging levels, see documentation of module "oflog".

In case the logging output should be written to file (optionally with logfile
rotation), to syslog (Unix) or the event log (Windows) option \e --log-config
can be used.  This configuration file also allows for directing only certain
messages to a particular output stream and for filtering certain messages
based on the module or application where they are generated.  An example
configuration file is provided in <em>\<etcdir\>/logger.cfg</em>.

\section dcm2json_command_line COMMAND LINE

All command line tools use the following notation for parameters: square
brackets enclose optional values (0-1), three trailing dots indicate that
multiple values are allowed (1-n), a combination of both means 0 to n values.

Command line options are distinguished from parameters by a leading '+' or '-'
sign, respectively.  Usually, order and position of command line options are
arbitrary (i.e. they can appear anywhere).  However, if options are mutually
exclusive the rightmost appearance is used.  This behavior conforms to the
standard evaluation rules of common Unix shells.

In addition, one or more command files can be specified using an '@' sign as a
prefix to the filename (e.g. <em>\@command.txt</em>).  Such a command argument
is replaced by the content of the corresponding text file (multiple
whitespaces are treated as a single separator unless they appear between two
quotation marks) prior to any further evaluation.  Please note that a command
file cannot contain another command file.  This simple but effective approach
allows one to summarize common combinations of options/parameters and avoids
longish and confusing command lines (an example is provided in file
<em>\<datadir\>/dumppat.txt</em>).

\section dcm2json_environment ENVIRONMENT

The \b dcm2json utility will attempt to load DICOM data dictionaries specified
in the \e DCMDICTPATH environment variable.  By default, i.e. if the
\e DCMDICTPATH environment variable is not set, the file
<em>\<datadir\>/dicom.dic</em> will be loaded unless the dictionary is built
into the application (default for Windows).

The default behavior should be preferred and the \e DCMDICTPATH environment
variable only used when alternative data dictionaries are required.  The
\e DCMDICTPATH environment variable has the same format as the Unix shell
\e PATH variable in that a colon (":") separates entries.  On Windows systems,
a semicolon (";") is used as a separator.  The data dictionary code will
attempt to load each file specified in the \e DCMDICTPATH environment variable.
It is an error if no data dictionary can be loaded.

\section dcm2json_copyright COPYRIGHT

Copyright (C) 2016-2017 by OFFIS e.V., Escherweg 2, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany.

*/
