/*!

\if MANPAGES
\page xml2dcm Convert XML document to DICOM file or data set
\else
\page xml2dcm xml2dcm: Convert XML document to DICOM file or data set
\endif

\section xml2dcm_synopsis SYNOPSIS

\verbatim
xml2dcm [options] xmlfile-in dcmfile-out
\endverbatim

\section xml2dcm_description DESCRIPTION

The \b xml2dcm utility converts the contents of an XML (Extensible Markup
Language) document to DICOM file or data set.  The XML document is expected to
validate against the DTD (Document Type Definition) which is described in file
<em>dcm2xml.dtd</em>.  An appropriate XML file can be created using the
\b dcm2xml tool (option \e +Wb recommended to include binary data).

\section xml2dcm_parameters PARAMETERS

\verbatim
xmlfile-in   XML input filename to be converted (stdin: "-")

dcmfile-out  DICOM output filename
\endverbatim

\section xml2dcm_options OPTIONS

\subsection xml2dcm_general_options general options
\verbatim
  -h   --help
         print this help text and exit

       --version
         print version information and exit

       --arguments
         print expanded command line arguments

  -q   --quiet
         quiet mode, print no warnings and errors

  -v   --verbose
         verbose mode, print processing details

  -d   --debug
         debug mode, print debug information

  -ll  --log-level  [l]evel: string constant
         (fatal, error, warn, info, debug, trace)
         use level l for the logger

  -lc  --log-config  [f]ilename: string
         use config file f for the logger
\endverbatim

\subsection xml2dcm_input_options input options
\verbatim
input file format:

  +f   --read-meta-info
         read meta information if present (default)

  -f   --ignore-meta-info
         ignore file meta information
\endverbatim

\subsection xml2dcm_processing_options processing options
\verbatim
validation:

  +Vd  --validate-document
         validate XML document against DTD

  +Vn  --check-namespace
         check XML namespace in document root

unique identifiers:

  +Ug  --generate-new-uids
         generate new Study/Series/SOP Instance UID

  -Uo  --dont-overwrite-uids
         do not overwrite existing UIDs (default)

  +Uo  --overwrite-uids
         overwrite existing UIDs
\endverbatim

\subsection xml2dcm_output_options output options
\verbatim
output file format:

  +F   --write-file
         write file format (default)

  -F   --write-dataset
         write data set without file meta information

  +Fu  --update-meta-info
         update particular file meta information

output transfer syntax:

  +t=  --write-xfer-same
         write with same TS as input (default)

  +te  --write-xfer-little
         write with explicit VR little endian TS

  +tb  --write-xfer-big
         write with explicit VR big endian TS

  +ti  --write-xfer-implicit
         write with implicit VR little endian TS

  +td  --write-xfer-deflated
         write with deflated explicit VR little endian TS

post-1993 value representations:

  +u   --enable-new-vr
         enable support for new VRs (UN/UT) (default)

  -u   --disable-new-vr
         disable support for new VRs, convert to OB

group length encoding:

  +g=  --group-length-recalc
         recalculate group lengths if present (default)

  +g   --group-length-create
         always write with group length elements

  -g   --group-length-remove
         always write without group length elements

length encoding in sequences and items:

  +e   --length-explicit
         write with explicit lengths (default)

  -e   --length-undefined
         write with undefined lengths

data set trailing padding (not with --write-dataset):

  -p=  --padding-retain
         do not change padding (default if not --write-dataset)

  -p   --padding-off
         no padding (implicit if --write-dataset)

  +p   --padding-create  [f]ile-pad [i]tem-pad: integer
         align file on multiple of f bytes and items on
         multiple of i bytes

deflate compression level (only with --write-xfer-deflated):

  +cl  --compression-level  [l]evel: integer (default: 6)
         0=uncompressed, 1=fastest, 9=best compression
\endverbatim

\section xml2dcm_notes NOTES

The basic structure of the XML input expected looks like the following:

\verbatim
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE file-format SYSTEM "dcm2xml.dtd">
<file-format xmlns="http://dicom.offis.de/dcmtk">
  <meta-header xfer="1.2.840.10008.1.2.1" name="Little Endian Explicit">
    <element tag="0002,0000" vr="UL" vm="1" len="4"
             name="MetaElementGroupLength">
      166
    </element>
    ...
    <element tag="0002,0013" vr="SH" vm="1" len="16"
             name="ImplementationVersionName">
      OFFIS_DCMTK_353
    </element>
  </meta-header>
  <data-set xfer="1.2.840.10008.1.2" name="Little Endian Implicit">
    <element tag="0008,0005" vr="CS" vm="1" len="10"
             name="SpecificCharacterSet">
      ISO_IR 100
    </element>
    ...
    <sequence tag="0028,3010" vr="SQ" card="2" name="VOILUTSequence">
      <item card="3">
        <element tag="0028,3002" vr="xs" vm="3" len="6"
                 name="LUTDescriptor">
          256\\0\\8
        </element>
        ...
      </item>
      ...
    </sequence>
    ...
    <element tag="7fe0,0010" vr="OW" vm="1" len="262144"
             name="PixelData" loaded="no" binary="hidden">
    </element>
  </data-set>
</file-format>
\endverbatim

The "file-format" and "meta-header" tags may be absent for DICOM data sets.

\subsection xml2dcm_character_encoding Character Encoding

The DICOM character encoding is determined automatically from the element with
tag "0008,0005" (Specific Character Set) - if present.  The following
character sets are currently supported (requires \b libxml to include \b iconv
support, see \e --version output):

\verbatim
ASCII         (ISO_IR 6)    (UTF-8)
UTF-8         "ISO_IR 192"  (UTF-8)
ISO Latin 1   "ISO_IR 100"  (ISO-8859-1)
ISO Latin 2   "ISO_IR 101"  (ISO-8859-2)
ISO Latin 3   "ISO_IR 109"  (ISO-8859-3)
ISO Latin 4   "ISO_IR 110"  (ISO-8859-4)
ISO Latin 5   "ISO_IR 148"  (ISO-8859-9)
Cyrillic      "ISO_IR 144"  (ISO-8859-5)
Arabic        "ISO_IR 127"  (ISO-8859-6)
Greek         "ISO_IR 126"  (ISO-8859-7)
Hebrew        "ISO_IR 138"  (ISO-8859-8)
\endverbatim

Multiple character sets are not supported (only the first value of the
"Specific Character Set" is used for the character encoding in case of value
multiplicity).

See \b dcm2xml documentation for more details on the XML structure.

\subsection xml2dcm_binary_data Binary Data

Binary data (*) can be encoded either as a sequence of hex numbers separated by
a backslash "\" or in Base64 format (binary="base64").  In addition, binary data
can also be read from file (binary="file").  In this case, the filename has to
be specified as the element value, e.g.

\verbatim
<element tag="7fe0,0010" vr="OW" ... binary="file">subdir/pixeldata.raw</element>
\endverbatim

Please note that the contents of the file will be read as is.  OW data is
expected to be little endian ordered and will be swapped if necessary.  No
checks will be made to ensure that the amount of data is reasonable in terms
of other attributes such as Rows or Columns.

(*) Please note that currently only OB and OW data is supported, i.e. element
values with a VR of OD, OF, OL and OV are not regarded as "binary data" and
treated as all other VRs.

\subsection xml2dcm_compression Compression

If libxml is compiled with zlib support, the input file (\e xmlfile-in) can
also be compressed with ZIP, which usually results in much smaller files.  See
output of option \e --version in order to check whether zlib support is
available.

\subsection xml2dcm_limitations Limitations

Different versions of libxml might have different limits for the maximum
length of an XML element value.  Therefore, it should be avoided to use very
long element values (e.g. for pixel data).

Please note that \b xml2dcm currently does not fully support DICOMDIR files.
Specifically, the value of the various offset data elements is not updated
automatically by this tool.

\section xml2dcm_logging LOGGING

The level of logging output of the various command line tools and underlying
libraries can be specified by the user.  By default, only errors and warnings
are written to the standard error stream.  Using option \e --verbose also
informational messages like processing details are reported.  Option
\e --debug can be used to get more details on the internal activity, e.g. for
debugging purposes.  Other logging levels can be selected using option
\e --log-level.  In \e --quiet mode only fatal errors are reported.  In such
very severe error events, the application will usually terminate.  For more
details on the different logging levels, see documentation of module "oflog".

In case the logging output should be written to file (optionally with logfile
rotation), to syslog (Unix) or the event log (Windows) option \e --log-config
can be used.  This configuration file also allows for directing only certain
messages to a particular output stream and for filtering certain messages
based on the module or application where they are generated.  An example
configuration file is provided in <em>\<etcdir\>/logger.cfg</em>.

\section xml2dcm_command_line COMMAND LINE

All command line tools use the following notation for parameters: square
brackets enclose optional values (0-1), three trailing dots indicate that
multiple values are allowed (1-n), a combination of both means 0 to n values.

Command line options are distinguished from parameters by a leading '+' or '-'
sign, respectively.  Usually, order and position of command line options are
arbitrary (i.e. they can appear anywhere).  However, if options are mutually
exclusive the rightmost appearance is used.  This behavior conforms to the
standard evaluation rules of common Unix shells.

In addition, one or more command files can be specified using an '@' sign as a
prefix to the filename (e.g. <em>\@command.txt</em>).  Such a command argument
is replaced by the content of the corresponding text file (multiple
whitespaces are treated as a single separator unless they appear between two
quotation marks) prior to any further evaluation.  Please note that a command
file cannot contain another command file.  This simple but effective approach
allows one to summarize common combinations of options/parameters and avoids
longish and confusing command lines (an example is provided in file
<em>\<datadir\>/dumppat.txt</em>).

\section xml2dcm_environment ENVIRONMENT

The \b xml2dcm utility will attempt to load DICOM data dictionaries specified
in the \e DCMDICTPATH environment variable.  By default, i.e. if the
\e DCMDICTPATH environment variable is not set, the file
<em>\<datadir\>/dicom.dic</em> will be loaded unless the dictionary is built
into the application (default for Windows).

The default behavior should be preferred and the \e DCMDICTPATH environment
variable only used when alternative data dictionaries are required.  The
\e DCMDICTPATH environment variable has the same format as the Unix shell
\e PATH variable in that a colon (":") separates entries.  On Windows systems,
a semicolon (";") is used as a separator.  The data dictionary code will
attempt to load each file specified in the \e DCMDICTPATH environment variable.
It is an error if no data dictionary can be loaded.

\section xml2dcm_files FILES

<em>\<datadir\>/dcm2xml.dtd</em> - Document Type Definition (DTD) file

\section xml2dcm_see_also SEE ALSO

<b>dcm2xml</b>(1)

\section xml2dcm_copyright COPYRIGHT

Copyright (C) 2003-2019 by OFFIS e.V., Escherweg 2, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany.

*/
