ESP-001-20050209
Copyright 1993-2005 by Easy Software Products, All Rights Reserved.
The ESP Print Pro Software Users Manual explains how to operate the ESP Print Pro software. This guide assumes that you know how to perform basic tasks on your system, such as logging into a user account and running programs.
This guide is organized into the following sections:
lpwin
program to print images from the screen or a particular window.If you are new to the ESP Print Pro software, you will probably want to read Chapters 1 and 2.
Chapter 3 is a good reference for day-to-day users and explains how each printer option affects the printed output.
Chapter 4 is required reading for anyone wanting to print from many popular applications or generate screen hardcopies.
Various font and syntax conventions are used in this guide. Examples and their meanings and uses are explained below:
Example | Description | |
---|---|---|
lpstat
lpstat(1) | The names of commands; the first mention of a command or function in a chapter is followed by a manual page section number. | |
/var
/usr/share/cups/data/testprint.ps | File and directory names. | |
Request ID is Printer-123 | Screen output. | |
lp -d printer filename ENTER | Literal user input; special keys like ENTER are in ALL CAPS. | |
12.3 | Numbers in the text are written using the period (.) to indicate the decimal point. |
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual:
This chapter provides an overview of how ESP Print Pro works.
For years the printing problem has plagued UNIX. Unlike Microsoft® Windows® or Mac OS, UNIX has no standard interface or system in place for supporting printers. Among the solutions currently available, the Berkeley and System V printing systems are the most prevalent.
These printing systems support line printers (text only) or PostScript printers (text and graphics), and with some coaxing they can be made to support a full range of printers and file formats. However, because each varient of the UNIX operating system uses a different printing system than the next, developing printer drivers for a wide range of printers and operating systems is extremely difficult. That combined with the limited volume of customers for each UNIX varient has forced most printer vendors to give up supporting UNIX entirely.
ESP Print Pro is designed to eliminate the printing problem. One common printing system can be used by all UNIX varients to support the printing needs of users. Printer vendors can use its modular filter interface to develop a single driver program that supports a wide range of file formats with little or no effort. Since ESP Print Pro provides both the System V and Berkeley printing commands, users (and applications) can reap the benefits of this new technology with no changes.
ESP Print Pro is based upon an emerging Internet standard called the Internet Printing Protocol. IPP has been embraced by dozens of printer and printer server manufacturers and is supported by Microsoft Windows 2000.
IPP defines a standard protocol for printing as well as managing print jobs and printer options like media size, resolution, and so forth. Like all IP-based protocols, IPP can be used locally or over the Internet to printers hundreds or thousands of miles away. Unlike other protocols, however, IPP also supports access control, authentication, and encryption, making it a much more capable and secure printing solution than older ones.
IPP is layered on top of the Hyper-Text Transport Protocol ("HTTP") which is the basis of Web servers on the Internet. This allows users to view documentation, check status information on a printer or server, and manage their printers, classes, and jobs using their Web browser.
ESP Print Pro provides a complete IPP/1.1 based printing system that provides Basic, Digest, and local certificate authentication and user, domain, or IP-based access control. 128-bit SSL and TLS encryption can also be enabled and used with ESP Print Pro.
Each file or set of files that is submitted for printing is called a job. Jobs are identified by a unique number starting at 1 and are assigned to a particular destination, usually a printer. Jobs can also have options associated with them such as media size, number of copies, and priority.
ESP Print Pro supports collections of printers known as classes . Jobs sent to a class are forwarded to the next available printer in the class. A special type of class called an implicit class is also supported by ESP Print Pro. Implicit classes are created automatically on client machines when more than one server supports a particular printer. This allows the client machines to use any server for a particular printer transparently to the user, providing both load-balancing and failsafe operation.
Filters allow a user or application to print many types of files without extra effort. Print jobs sent to a ESP Print Pro server are filtered before sending them to a printer. Some filters convert job files to different formats that the printer can understand. Others perform page selection and ordering tasks.
ESP Print Pro provides filters for printing many types of image files, HP-GL/2 files, PDF files, and text files. ESP Print Pro also supplies PostScript and image file Raster Image Processor ("RIP") filters that convert PostScript or image files into bitmaps that can be sent to a raster printer.
Backends perform the most important task of all - they send the filtered print data to the printer.
ESP Print Pro provides backends for printing over parallel, serial, and USB ports, and over the network via the IPP, JetDirect (AppSocket), and Line Printer Daemon ("LPD") protocols. Additional backends are available in network service packages such as the SMB backend included with the popular SAMBA software.
Backends are also used to determine the available devices. On startup each backend is asked for a list of devices it supports, and any information that is available. This allows the parallel backend to tell ESP Print Pro that an EPSON Stylus Color 600 printer is attached to parallel port 1, for example.
Printer drivers in ESP Print Pro consist of one or more filters specific to a printer. ESP Print Pro includes thousands of printer drivers optimized for your printers.
Printers and classes on the local system are automatically shared with other systems on the network - the administrator of a server does not need to configure the client machines! This allows you to setup one system to print to a printer. This system can then be used as a print server or spool host for all other systems. Users may then select a local printer by name or a remote printer using "name@server".
This chapter shows you how to submit, query, and cancel print jobs to different printers. It also describes how to save printer options for later use.
ESP Print Pro provides both the System V (lp(1)
) and
Berkeley (lpr(1)
) printing commands. Type the following
command to print a file to the default (or only) printer on the system:
lp filename ENTER
or:
lpr filename ENTER
ESP Print Pro understands many different types of files directly, including PostScript and image files. This allows you to print from inside your applications or at the command-line, whichever is most convenient!
ESP Print Pro also includes a graphical printing command (see Figure
2.1) called glp(1)
:
glp filename ENTER
Figure 2.1: The glp
window.
Many systems will have more than one printer available to the user. These printers can be attached to the local system via a parallel, serial, or USB port, or available over the network.
Use the lpstat(1)
command to see a list of available
printers:
lpstat -p -d ENTER
The -p
option specifies that you want to see a list of
printers, and the -d
option reports the current system
default printer or class.
Use the -d
option with the lp
command to
print to a specific printer:
lp -d printer filename ENTER
or the -P
option with the lpr
command:
lpr -P printer filename ENTER
You can also use the -d
option with the glp
command or click on the printer you want to print to in the printer
list:
glp -d printer filename ENTER
For many types of files, the default printer options may be sufficient for your needs. However, there may be times when you need to change the options for a particular file you are printing.
The lp
, lpr
, and glp
commands
allow you to pass printer options using the -o
option:
lp -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg lpr -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg glp -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg
The available printer options vary depending on the printer. The standard options are described in Chapter 3, "Standard Printing Options".
Figure 2.2: The glp
options window.
The glp
command also provides a graphical option window
that is available by clicking on the More Options button
(see Figure 2.2.)
Both the lp
and lpr
commands have options
for printing more than one copy of a file:
lp -n num-copies filename ENTER lpr -#num-copies filename ENTER glp -n num-copies filename ENTER
Copies are normally not collated for you. Use the -o
collate=true
option to get collated copies :
lp -n num-copies -o collate=true filename ENTER lpr -#num-copies -o collate=true filename ENTER glp -n num-copies -o collate=true filename ENTER
The glp
command also provides a control for setting the
number of copies to print (see Figure 2.1.)
Rather than specifying these options each time you print a file, ESP Print Pro allows you to save them as "default" options for the printer. Note that saving options as user root will save for all users unless they saved their own configuration.
The lpoptions(1)
command saves the options for your
printers. Like the lp
and lpr
commands, it
accepts printer options using the -o
argument:
lpoptions -o prettyprint ENTER lpoptions -o media=a4 -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER lpoptions -o media=legal -o scaling=100 ENTER
Once saved, any print command will use them when you print a file or document.
The previous example shows how to set the options for the default
printer. The -p printer
option specifies the options are
for another printer:
lpoptions -p laserjet -o prettyprint ENTER lpoptions -p laserjet -o media=a4 -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER lpoptions -p deskjet -o media=legal -o scaling=100 ENTER
The previous two examples shows how to set options for the default
and a specific printer. Below, shows you how to remove the saved option
using the -r
argument:
lpoptions -r prettyprint ENTER lpoptions -p laserjet -r prettyprint ENTER
The glp
command supports saving of options. After
running glp
, click on the More Options button
to select the options you want, and then click on the Save
button to save them.
glp ENTER
The printers
command supports saving of options as well.
After running printers
, click on the desired printer and
select Set Default Options from the Action menu.
/usr/sbin/printers ENTER
The lpoptions
command can also be used to show the
current options by not specifying any new options on the command-line:
lpoptions ENTER media=a4 sides=two-sided-long-edge lpoptions -p deskjet ENTER media=legal scaling=100
The current default options are also available when displaying the
printer option panel from the glp
or printers
commands.
You can display the supported options using the lpoptions
command with the -l
option, as follows:
lpoptions -p BJC2000 -l ENTER Resolution/Resolution: 360fast *360dpi PageSize/Media Size: Env10 A4 A5 B5 EnvC5 EnvDL EnvISOB5 Legal *Letter \ EnvMonarch PageRegion/PageRegion: Env10 A4 A5 B5 EnvC5 EnvDL EnvISOB5 Legal Letter \ EnvMonarch
The glpoptions
command can be used as well.
glpoptions
displays the graphical printer options panel and
allows users to select the available printer options.
glpoptions -p BJC2000 ENTER
The output of glpoptions is a single line consisting of all of the
selected options. These options can then be used from a shell script or
application as input to the lp
or lpr
commands.
The administrator normally will set a system-wide default printer
that is normally used as the default printer by everyone. Use the
-d printer
option to set your own default printer:
lpoptions -d deskjet ENTER
The printer can be local (deskjet
) or remote (
deskjet@server
).
The default printer can also be set from the Printer Manager:
/usr/sbin/printers ENTER
Click on the desired printer and choose Set Default from the Action menu.
Besides setting options for each print queue, ESP Print Pro supports
printer instances which allow you to define several different sets
of options for each printer. You specify a printer instance using the
slash (/
) character:
lpoptions -p laserjet/duplex -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER lpoptions -p laserjet/legal -o media=legal ENTER
The lp
, lpr, and glp
commands also
understand this notation:
lp -d laserjet/duplex filename ENTER lpr -P laserjet/legal filename ENTER glp -d laserjet/legal filename ENTER
The glp
command also supports creating new printer
instances. After setting the printer options by clicking on the
More Options button, click on the New button and type
in the instance name.
Use the -x printer/instance
option to remove a printer
instance that you no longer need:
lpoptions -x laserjet ENTER lpoptions -x laserjet/duplex ENTER lpoptions -x laserjet/legal ENTER
The -x
option only removes the default options for that
printer and instance; the original print queue will remain until
deleted with the lpadmin(8)
or printers
commands by the administrator.
The lpstat
command can be used to check for jobs that
you have submitted for printing:
lpstat ENTER DeskJet-1 johndoe 4427776 DeskJet-2 johndoe 15786 DeskJet-3 johndoe 372842
The jobs are listed in the order they will be printed. Use the
-p
option to see which files and printers are active:
lpstat -p ENTER printer DeskJet now printing DeskJet-1.
Use the -o
and -p
options together to show
the jobs and the printers:
lpstat -o -p ENTER DeskJet-1 johndoe 4427776 DeskJet-2 johndoe 15786 DeskJet-3 johndoe 372842 printer DeskJet now printing DeskJet-1.
Since ESP Print Pro uses the Internet Printing Protocol, it is also a fully-functional Web server. To use your Web browser to monitor the printers on your system, open the following URL:
http://localhost:631
From there you can view the status of classes, jobs, and printers with the click of a button!
The cancel(1)
and lprm(1)
commands cancel a
print job:
cancel job-id ENTER lprm job-id ENTER
The job-id
is the number that was reported to you by the
lp
or lpstat
commands.
The Printer Manager is a graphical utility that is normally used by
the system administrator to manage printers, classes, and jobs on the
system. You access the Printer Manager by double-clicking on the
Printer Manager icon or running the printers(8)
command:
/usr/sbin/printers ENTER
![]() Figure 2.3: The Printer Manager window. |
![]() Figure 2.4: Jobs in the Printer Manager window. |
The Printer Manager (Figure 2.3) works very much like a web browser. Initially the Printer Manager displays a list of available printers and information about each printer. To see the jobs in the queue double-click on a printer icon or click on the Jobs button at the top of the window (Figure 2.4.)
To cancel a pending job, click on the job icon and choose Delete from the Action menu.
The printer, class, and job list, as well as the refresh rate of the
Printer Manager window can be controlled from the Settings
dialog. To access this dialog, choose Settings from the
View menu in either the Print Panel (glp
) or Printer
Manager (printers
) windows. The Settings dialog
window (Figure 2.5) will appear.
Click on the OK button to confirm and apply your setting changes, or the Cancel button to cancel all changes.
Figure 2.5: The Settings Dialog and History Tab.
The History tab shows all of the servers you have visited in the past - you can pick a server from this list by clicking on the down arrow next to the location field in either the Printer Manager or Print Panel windows.
Click on the Clear Host List button to remove all of the hosts from the list, or click on a URL and the Delete button to remove a single host. The up and down arrow buttons can be used to reorder the list.
Figure 2.6: The Jobs Tab.
The Jobs tab (Figure 2.6) controls which jobs are shown and what information is shown for each job. Check the boxes for the information you want to see and uncheck the boxes for the information you don't want to see.
Similarly, click on the All Jobs radio button to show all jobs or the My Jobs radio button to show the jobs associated with your username.
Figure 2.7: The Printers Tab.
The Printers tab (Figure 2.7) controls which printers or classes are shown and what information is shown for each printer or class. Check the boxes for the information you want to see and uncheck the boxes for the information you don't want to see.
Clicking on the All button will show all printers or classes, while clicking on the Local button will only show local printers and classes. The Filter button enables the Filter tab for fine-grained control of which printers and classes are visible.
Figure 2.8: The Filter Tab.
The Filter tab (Figure 2.8) controls the fine-grained filtering of printers and classes that are shown. Enter a string in the Location field to show printers and classes in that location, for example "Room 123". The location string must match the location information associated with the printer or class; case is not significant.
The Show group controls whether to show local, remote, or all printers and classes.
The Type group controls whether to show monochrome, color, or all printers and classes.
The Media check boxes enable you to restrict the list to contain only those printers and classes that are capable of printing Small (up to 9x14"), Medium (up to 13x19"), or Large (greater than 13x19") size documents. The Custom check box restricts the list to printers that can support custom page sizes.
The Finishing check boxes enable you to restrict the list to contain only those printers and classes that can perform the indicated finishing options. The Collate check box refers to the printer's ability to produce collated copies on its own, which is generally faster than sending the document multiple times to achieve the same effect. The other check boxes indicate a specific printing ability that cannot be emulated by software alone.
Figure 2.9: The View Tab.
The View tab (Figure 2.8) controls the refresh rate of the Printer Manager window and whether to show the tool and location bars.
Drag the Refresh control until it shows the correct number of seconds to wait between refreshes. Set the control to 0 to disable the automatic refresh feature.
Check or uncheck the Tool Bar and Location Bar boxes as desired to control the appearance of each element.
This chapter describes the standard printer options that are
available when printing with the lp
, lpr
, and
glp
commands.
Figure 3.1: General Options
The general options apply when printing all types of files. Figure
3.1 shows the General options tab which is accessable by
running the glp
program and clicking on the More
Options... button.
The Media Size, Media Source, and Media
Type choosers select the media size, source, and type for a print
job. Use the the -o media=xyz
option to set the media
size, type, and/or source from the command-line:
lp -o media=letter filename ENTER lp -o media=letter,multipurpose filename ENTER lpr -o media=letter,transparency filename ENTER glp -o media=letter,multipurpose,transparency filename ENTER
The available media sizes, types, and sources depend on the printer, but most support the following options (case is not significant):
letter
- US Letter (8.5x11 inches, or 216x279mm)legal
- US Legal (8.5x14 inches, or 216x356mm)a4
- ISO A4 (8.27x11.69 inches, or 210x297mm)com10
- US #10 Envelope (9.5x4.125 inches, or
241x105mm)dl
- ISO DL Envelope (8.66x4.33 inches, or 220x110mm)transparency
- Transparency media type or sourceupper
- Upper paper traylower
- Lower paper traymultipurpose
- Multi-purpose paper traylargecapacity
- Large capacity paper trayThe actual options supported are defined in the printer's PPD file in
the PageSize
, InputSlot
, and MediaType
options.
The Duplex chooser selects single- or double-sided output.
On the command-line the -o sides=two-sided-short-edge
and
-o sides=two-sided-long-edge
options will enable duplexing on the
printer, if the printer supports it. The -o
sides=two-sided-short-edge
option is suitable for landscape
pages, while the -o sides=two-sided-long-edge
option is
suitable for portrait pages:
lp -o sides=two-sided-short-edge filename ENTER lpr -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename ENTER glp -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename ENTER
The default is to print single-sided:
lp -o sides=one-sided filename ENTER lpr -o sides=one-sided filename ENTER glp -o sides=one-sided filename ENTER
Figure 3.2: Job Options
The job options apply when printing all types of files. Figure 3.2
shows the Job options tab which is accessable by running the
glp
program and clicking on the More Options...
button.
The Start Banner and End Banner choosers enable you to set the banner page(s) to print with a job. Set either or both to None to disable the corresponding banner.
On the command-line the -o jobsheets=start,end
option
sets the banner page(s) to use for a job:
lp -o job-sheets=none filename ENTER lpr -o job-sheets=standard filename ENTER glp -o job-sheets=classified,classified filename ENTER
If only one banner file is specified, it will be printed before the files in the job. If a second banner file is specified, it is printed after the files in the job.
The available banner pages depend on the local system configuration; ESP Print Pro includes the following banner files:
none
- Do not produce a banner page.classified
- A banner page with a "classified" label at
the top and bottom.confidential
- A banner page with a "confidential"
label at the top and bottom.secret
- A banner page with a "secret" label at the top
and bottom.standard
- A banner page with no label at the top and
bottom.topsecret
- A banner page with a "top secret" label at
the top and bottom.unclassified
- A banner page with an "unclassified"
label at the top and bottom.Page labels consist of a single line of text that is placed at the top and bottom of each printed page. Page labels are usually used to mark documents as "Draft", or to add caveats when the server is configured with security classification labelling turned on.
The Page Label field contains the text that will be placed at the top and bottom of each printed page. The text is displayed as-is without modification.
The -o 'page-label="some text"'
option specifies the
page label on the command-line. The extra quotes are only necessary if
your label string contains spaces, as follows:
lp -o page-label=NOFORN filename ENTER lpr -o page-label=Draft filename ENTER glp -o 'page-label="This is Bob\'s Document"' filename ENTER
Jobs are normally printed immediately, however you can tell ESP Print Pro to hold the job indefinitely or until a specific time. The following pre-defined hold times are supported:
day-time
- Hold the job until 8am.evening
- Hold the job until 6pm.indefinite
- Hold the job until explicitly released for
printing.none
- Do not hold the job; print immediately.second-shift
- Hold the job until 4pm.third-shift
- Hold the job until 12am (midnight).weekend
- Hold the job until the weekend; if the job is
submitted before 12am Monday, the job is printed immediately. Otherwise
the job is held until the next weekend.The Hold Until field specifies the hold until time, if any. Choose a pre-defined hold time or select HH:MM to enter your own time in 24-hour format.
The -o job-hold-until=value
option specifies the hold
until value on the command-line:
lp -o job-hold-until=indefinite filename ENTER lpr -o job-hold-until=day-time filename ENTER glp -o job-hold-until=123456 filename ENTER
The last example specifies a hold time of 12:34:56.
Print jobs are usually printed in the order received. The job priority can be increased to print the job sooner or decreased to print the job later. The job priority is a number from 1 to 100, where 1 has the lowest priority and 100 has the highest priority. The default priority is 50.
Move the Priority slider to change the priority your print
job or use the -o job-priority=value
option specifies the
job priority on the command-line:
lp -o job-priority=1 filename ENTER lpr -o job-priority=50 filename ENTER glp -o job-priority=100 filename ENTER
ESP Print Pro keeps track of a billing information string for each print job. This can be an account number, a project name, or any other text string you wish to associate with the print job. If defined, billing strings are displayed on banner pages and in the page_log file.
Enter the job billing string in the Billing Info field or
use the -o job-billing=string
option on the command-line:
lp -o job-billing=acme-123 filename ENTER lpr -o job-billing=MyProject filename ENTER glp -o 'job-billing="This is Bob\'s Billing Info"' filename ENTER
Figure 3.3: Document Options
The document options also apply to all types of files. Figure 3.3
shows the Document options tab which is accessable by
running the glp
program and clicking on the More
Options... button.
The Orientation buttons control the orientation of the print job - portrait or landscape. Click on the appropriate radio button to set the orientation.
On the command-line, the -o portrait
option will print
in portrait orientation:
lp -o portrait filename ENTER lpr -o portrait filename ENTER glp -o portrait filename ENTER
The -o landscape
option will rotate the page 90 degrees
counter-clockwise to print in landscape orientation:
lp -o landscape filename ENTER lpr -o landscape filename ENTER glp -o landscape filename ENTER
To print a range of pages, click on the Page Range radio button in the Pages group, then enter the range of pages in the text field next to the button.
The page range can be a single page, a range of pages, or a collection of page numbers and ranges separated by commas. The pages will always be printed in ascending order, regardless of the order of the pages in the text field, e.g. a page range of "5-6,1-2" will print in the same order as "1-2,5-6".
On the command-line the -o page-ranges=pages
option
selects a range of pages for printing:
lp -o page-ranges=1 filename ENTER lpr -o page-ranges=1-4 filename ENTER glp -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename ENTER
The default is to print all pages.
Click on the Even Pages or Odd Pages radio buttons in the Pages group to print only the even or odd-numbered pages in the file.
Use the -o page-set=even
and -o page-set=odd
options to select the even or odd pages on the command-line:
lp -o page-set=odd filename ENTER lpr -o page-set=even filename ENTER glp -o page-set=even filename ENTER
The default is to print all pages.
The -o number-up=value
option selects N-Up printing.
N-Up printing places multiple document pages on a single printed page.
CUPS supports 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 16-Up formats; the default format is
1-Up:
lp -o number-up=1 filename ENTER lp -o number-up=2 filename ENTER lp -o number-up=4 filename ENTER lpr -o number-up=16 filename ENTER
The -o number-up-border=value
option chooses the border
to draw around each page:
-o number-up-border=double
; draw two hairline borders
around each page-o number-up-border=double-thick
; draw two 1pt borders
around each page-o number-up-border=none
; do not draw a border
(default)-o number-up-border=single
; draw one hairline border
around each page-o number-up-border=single-thick
; draw one 1pt border
around each pageThe -o number-up-layout=value
option chooses the layout
of the pages on each output page:
-o number-up-layout=btlr
; Bottom to top, left to right-o number-up-layout=btrl
; Bottom to top, right to left-o number-up-layout=lrbt
; Left to right, bottom to top-o number-up-layout=lrtb
; Left to right, top to bottom
(default)-o number-up-layout=rlbt
; Right to left, bottom to top-o number-up-layout=rltb
; Right to left, top to bottom-o number-up-layout=tblr
; Top to bottom, left to right-o number-up-layout=tbrl
; Top to bottom, right to leftYou can control the overall brightness of the printed output using
the Brightness control. On the command-line the -o
brightness=percent
option specifies the print brightness:
lp -o brightness=100 filename ENTER lpr -o brightness=120 filename ENTER glp -o brightness=80 filename ENTER
Values greater than 100 will lighten the print, while values less than 100 will darken it. The default value is 100.
You can control the overall gamma correction of the printed output
using the Gamma Correction control. On the command-line the
-o gamma=value
option specifies the print gamma correction:
lp -o gamma=1000 filename ENTER lpr -o gamma=2200 filename ENTER glp -o gamma=1700 filename ENTER
Values greater than 1000 will lighten the print, while values less than 1000 will darken it. The default gamma is 1000. Most computer monitors use a gamma of 1700 (1.7).
Figure 3.4: HP-GL/2 Options
The HP-GL/2 options apply when printing HP-GL/2 files. Figure 3.4
shows the HP-GL/2 options tab which is accessable by running
the glp
program and clicking on the More Options...
button.
The Fit to Page and the -o fitplot
option
specify that the plot should be scaled to fit on the page:
lp -o fitplot filename ENTER lpr -o fitplot filename ENTER glp -o fitplot filename ENTER
The default is to use the absolute distances specified in the plot file.
Note:
This feature depends upon an accurate plot size ( |
The Black radio button in the Shading group and
the -o blackplot
options specifies that all pens should
plot in black:
lp -o blackplot filename ENTER lpr -o blackplot filename ENTER glp -o blackplot filename ENTER
The default is to use the colors defined in the plot file or the standard pen colors defined in the HP-GL/2 reference manual from Hewlett Packard.
The Pen Width control and the -o penwidth=value
option specify the default pen width for HP-GL/2 files:
lp -o penwidth=value filename ENTER lpr -o penwidth=value filename ENTER glp -o penwidth=value filename ENTER
The pen width value
specifies the pen width in
micrometers. The default value of 1000 produces lines that are 1
millimeter in width. Specifying a pen width of 0 produces lines that
are exactly 1 pixel wide.
Note:
This option is ignored when the pen widths are set in the plot file. |
Figure 3.5: Image Options
The image options apply when printing image files. Figure 3.5 shows
the Image options tab which is accessable by running the
glp
program and clicking on the More Options...
button.
Images are normally scaled to their "natural" size as defined by the resolution information in the image file. If an image file has no resolution defined, the default resolution of 128 pixels per inch is used.
The Image Scaling controls determine how an image is scaled before printing. Click on Natural % to print the image at its natural size, Page % to scale the image as a percentage of the page size, and Custom PPI to scale the image using a custom resolution.
The -o scaling=percent
, -o ppi=value
, and
-o natural-scaling=percent
command-line options change the size
of a printed image:
lp -o scaling=percent filename ENTER lpr -o natural-scaling=percent filename ENTER glp -o ppi=value filename ENTER
The scaling=percent
value is a number from 1 to 800
specifying the size in relation to the page (not the image.) A
scaling of 100 percent will fill the page as completely as the image
aspect ratio allows. A scaling of 200 percent will print on up to 4
pages.
The ppi=value
value is a number from 1 to 1200
specifying the resolution of the image in pixels per inch. An image
that is 3000x2400 pixels will print 10x8 inches at 300 pixels per inch,
for example. If the specified resolution makes the image larger than
the page, multiple pages will be printed to satisfy the request.
The natural-scaling=percent
value is a number from 1 to
800 specifying the size in relation to the natural image size. A
scaling of 100 percent will print the image at its natural size, while
a scaling of 50 percent will print the image at half its natural size.
If the specified scaling makes the image larger than the page, multiple
pages will be printed to satisfy the request.
The Color Saturation control and the -o
saturation=percent
option adjusts the saturation of the colors
in an image, much like the color knob on your television:
lp -o saturation=percent filename ENTER lpr -o saturation=percent filename ENTER glp -o saturation=percent filename ENTER
The percent
argument specifies the color saturation from
0 to 200. A color saturation of 0 produces a black-and-white print,
while a value of 200 will make the colors extremely intense.
The default saturation is 100.
The Color Hue control and the -o hue=value
option will adjust the hue of the printed image, much like the tint
control on your television:
lp -o hue=value filename ENTER lpr -o hue=value filename ENTER glp -o hue=value filename ENTER
The value
argument is a number from -360 to 360 and
represents the color hue rotation. The following table summarizes the
change you'll see with different colors:
Original | hue=-45 | hue=45 |
---|---|---|
Red | Purple | Yellow-orange |
Green | Yellow-green | Blue-green |
Yellow | Orange | Green-yellow |
Blue | Sky-blue | Purple |
Magenta | Indigo | Crimson |
Cyan | Blue-green | Light-navy-blue |
The default hue adjustment is 0.
The Position chooser and the -o position=name
command-line option specifies the position of the image on the page:
center
- Center the image on the page (default)top
- Print the image centered at the top of the pageleft
- Print the image centered on the left of pageright
- Print the image centered on the right of the
pagetop-left
- Print the image at the top left corner of
the pagetop-right
- Print the image at the top right corner of
the pagebottom
- Print the image centered at the bottom of the
pagebottom-left
- Print the image at the bottom left corner
of the pagebottom-right
- Print the image at the bottom right
corner of the page
Figure 3.6: Text Options
The text options apply when printing text files. Figure 3.6 shows the
Text options tab which is accessable by running the glp
program and clicking on the More Options... button.
The Characters Per Inch chooser selects the number of
characters per inch that are printed. To specify this number on the
command-line use the -o cpi=value
option:
lp -o cpi=10 filename ENTER lpr -o cpi=12 filename ENTER glp -o cpi=17 filename ENTER
The default characters per inch value is 10 which provides 80 columns of characters on a standard page.
The Lines per Inch chooser selects the number of lines per
inch that are printed. To specify this number on the command-line use
the -o lpi=value
option:
lp -o lpi=6 filename ENTER lpr -o lpi=8 filename ENTER glp -o lpi=8 filename ENTER
The default lines per inch value is 6 which provides 60 lines of text on a standard page.
The Columns chooser and -o columns=value
option set the number of text columns:
lp -o columns=2 filename ENTER lpr -o columns=3 filename ENTER
The default number of columns is 1.
Normally the page margins are set to the hard limits of the printer.
Select cm, in, or mm from the
Margins chooser and enter the left, right, top, and bottom
margins in the appropriate fields. Use the -o page-left=value
, -o page-right=value
, -o page-top=value
, and
-o page-bottom=value
options to adjust the page margins on the
command-line:
lp -o page-left=value filename ENTER lp -o page-right=value filename ENTER lp -o page-top=value filename ENTER lp -o page-bottom=value filename ENTER lpr -o page-bottom=value filename ENTER
The value
argument is the margin in points; each point
is 1/72 inch or 0.35mm.
ESP Print Pro supports "pretty printing" of text files. The pretty print mode puts a header at the top of each page with the page number, job title (usually the filename), and the date. Also, shell script, perl, C, and C++ keywords are highlighted, and comment lines are italicized.
Choose Yes from the Pretty Print group or use
the -o prettyprint
option on the command-line:
lp -o prettyprint filename ENTER lpr -o prettyprint filename ENTER glp -o prettyprint filename ENTER
The -o raw
option allows you to send files directly to a
printer without filtering. This is sometimes required when printing
from applications that provide their own "printer drivers" for your
printer:
lp -o raw filename ENTER lpr -o raw filename ENTER glp -o raw filename ENTER
The -l
option can also be used with the lpr
command to send files directly to a printer:
lpr -l filename ENTER
This chapter describes how to use ESP Print Pro with common
applications. It also covers the lpwin(1)
utility which
provides the screen printing (hardcopy) functionality.
The default printer command will work with Netscape Navigator. If you
want to pick a printer and its options when printing, set the print
command to /usr/bin/glp
(Figure 4.1).
Figure 4.1: Netscape Print Dialog
Star Office provides its own printer setup dialog that associates printer queues with printer drivers. The Star Office PostScript printer driver works well with the PostScript Printer Description ("PPD") files used by ESP Print Pro.
Figure 4.2: Star Office Desktop Window
Start by running the Star Office application. Double-click on the Printer Setup icon (Figure 4.2) in the Star Office desktop window.
Figure 4.3: Star Office Printer Installation Dialog
The printer installation window that appears (Figure 4.3) shows a list of installed printers and printer drivers. Click on the Install new driver... button to add the ESP Print Pro drivers to the list.
Figure 4.4: Star Office Printer Driver Installation Dialog
The driver installation window (Figure 4.4) shows all of the drivers in the driver directory. If you have never added an ESP Print Pro driver before, click on the Browse... button and choose the /etc/cups/ppd directory.
Then click on the printer driver to install. If you have more than one printer driver to install, hold the CTRL key down while you click on each driver.
Click on the OK button to install the drivers into Star Office.
Figure 4.5: Adding a printer to StarOffice.
Now that you have installed the ESP Print Pro drivers in Star Office, scroll the Existing printer drivers list (Figure 4.5) until you see the driver that you just added. Click on the driver in the list and then click on the Add new printer button to add the printer to Star Office.
Figure 4.6: Star Office Printer Connection Dialog
After you have added the printer to Star Office, click on the Connect... button to show the printer connection dialog. Scroll the Existing queues list and click on the printer queue for your printer. Click on OK to finish the configuration process for this printer.
Corel WordPerfect 8 currently supports black and white printing
through ESP Print Pro. In order for WordPerfect to see the available
printers, the Printcap
directive must be enabled (the
default configuration) in the ESP Print Pro server as outlined in
Chapter 5 of the Software Administrators Manual, "Printing System
Management".
Start WordPerfect and choose Print from the File menu. Click on the Select... button in the print dialog to begin configuring a printer (Figure 4.7.)
Figure 4.7: WordPerfect Print Dialog
After you click on the Select... button the printer selection dialog (Figure 4.8) will appear.
Figure 4.8: WordPerfect Printer Selection Dialog
Click on the Printer Create/Edit... button to setup a printer.
Figure 4.9: WordPerfect Printer Creation Dialog
The printer creation dialog (Figure 4.9) lists the available printers. Click on the Add button to add a printer.
Figure 4.10: WordPerfect Add Printer Dialog
The add printer dialog (Figure 4.10) lists the available printer drivers. Scroll the driver list downward until you see the "Passthru PostScript" driver. Click on this driver and then click on the OK button.
Figure 4.11: WordPerfect Create Printer Dialog
When the create printer dialog appears (Figure 4.11), click on the OK button.
Figure 4.12: WordPerfect Printer Creation Dialog
The new printer driver should appear in the available printers list. Click on the Setup... button to associate the driver with a printer.
Figure 4.13: WordPerfect Printer Setup Dialog
The printer setup window (Figure 4.13) shows the options for the printer driver. Click on the Destination... button to select a printer queue.
Figure 4.14: WordPerfect Select Destination Dialog
Scroll the destination list in the select destination dialog (Figure 4.14) until you see the desired print queue. Click on the printer in the list and then the OK button to make the selection.
Continue clicking on OK until all dialog windows are closed.
The GIMP includes a print plug-in that can be used with ESP Print Pro very easily. Start by opening an image with the GIMP (Figure 4.15).
Figure 4.15: GIMP Print Menu
Choose Print from the File menu to display the print dialog (Figure 4.16).
Figure 4.16: GIMP Print Dialog
Choose the destination printer and click on the Setup button to display the setup dialog (Figure 4.17).
Figure 4.17: GIMP Printer Setup Dialog
Choose the PostScript Level 2 driver and then set the PPD file for the printer. PPD files for local printers will be located in the /etc/cups/ppd directory.
Finally, change the print command to read:
lp -s -d name
where name is the name of the print queue.
The lpwin
program provides screen and/or window hardcopy
support on X Window System displays. lpwin
can be
configured to print a snapshot of the entire screen, the window with
input focus, or a specific window ID. It can also write PPM files for
later printing or incorporation into software documentation.
Because of the flexibility of the X Window System, you can attach
lpwin
to a keypress or window menu quite easily in many window
managers.
lpwin
from the Command-LineWithout options lpwin
will send the current window or
screen to the default printer. Use the -d
option to
specify a different printer :
lpwin -d MyPrinter ENTER
Alternately, you can have lpwin
start the glp
program which allows users to select printers and options via a
graphical interface by using the -gui
option:
lpwin -gui ENTER
If you would like the lpwin
program to print the entire
screen everytime a hardcopy is requested, use the -window root
option:
lpwin -window root ENTER
If you would like the lpwin
program to print a specific
rectangular area on the screen everytime a hardcopy is requested, use
the -geometry WxH+X+Y
option:
lpwin -geometry 400x200+100+200 ENTER
The example will print a 400x200 pixel rectangle starting 100 pixels from the left and 200 from the top of the screen.
lpwin
from the IRIX Interactive
Desktop (4DWm)
You need to customize the window manager configuration file to attach
lpwin
to a keypress within the IRIX Interactive Desktop.
For the standard 4Dwm window manager you need to edit the
/usr/lib/X11/system.4Dwmrc file. To add the keypress to a single
user's account, copy this file to ~/.4Dwmrc and edit the
copy instead.
Search for the 4DwmKeyBindings section and add the following line:
Keys 4DwmKeyBindings { Alt<Key>Print root|window f.exec "/usr/bin/lpwin" ... }
Save the changes and then restart the window manager with:
tellwm restart ENTER
After answering Yes when asked if you want to restart the window manager you will be able to print the current window by holding the ALT key down and pressing PrintScreen. If the mouse pointer is in the desktop area when you press ALT-PrintScreen, the entire screen will be printed instead.
lpwin
from the Motif Window
Manager (mwm)
You need to customize the window manager configuration file to attach
lpwin
to a keypress within the Motif Window Manager. For
the standard mwm
window manager you need to edit the
/usr/lib/X11/system.mwmrc file. To add the keypress to a single
user's account, copy this file to ~/.mwmrc and edit the copy
instead.
Search for the DefaultKeyBindings section and add the following line:
Keys DefaultKeyBindings { Alt<Key>Print root|window f.exec "/usr/bin/lpwin" ... }
Save the changes and then logout and log back in to make the changes take effect. You will be able to print the current window by holding the ALT key down and pressing PrintScreen. If the mouse pointer is in the desktop area when you press ALT-PrintScreen, the entire screen will be printed instead.
lpwin
from the Common Desktop
Environment (dtwm
)You need to customize the window manager configuration file to attach
lpwin
to a keypress within the Common Desktop Environment.
For the standard dtwm
window manager you need to edit the
/usr/dt/config/C/sys.dtwmrc file. To add the keypress to a single
user's account, copy this file to ~/.dt/dtwmrc and edit the
copy instead.
Search for the DtKeyBindings section and add the following line:
Keys DtKeyBindings { Alt<Key>Print root|window f.exec "/usr/bin/lpwin" ... }
Once you have saved the changes, logout and log back in to make the changes take effect. You will be able to print the current window by holding the ALT key down and pressing PrintScreen . If the mouse pointer is in the desktop area when you press ALT-PrintScreen, the entire screen will be printed instead.
PLEASE READ THIS DOCUMENT CAREFULLY. THIS IS A LEGAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU AND EASY SOFTWARE PRODUCTS ("ESP"). BY DOWNLOADING THIS PACKAGE, AND USING THE ESP PRINT PRO SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION ("SOFTWARE") CONTAINED IN THIS PACKAGE, YOU ARE AGREEING TO BECOME BOUND BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT. THIS AGREEMENT REPRESENTS THE ENTIRE AND SOLE AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE ESP SOFTWARE, AND IT SUPERSEDES ANY PRIOR PROPOSAL, REPRESENTATION OR UNDERSTANDING REGARDING THE SOFTWARE BETWEEN YOU AND ESP OR ANY OTHER PARTY. IF YOU (hereafter in this document referred to as "LICENSEE") ARE NOT WILLING TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT, PLEASE DO NOT DOWNLOAD OR USE THIS SOFTWARE.
If the unit or agency is the Department of Defense ("DOD"), the SOFTWARE and its documentation are classified as "commercial computer software" and "commercial computer software documentation" respectively and, pursuant to DFAR Section 227.7202, the Government is acquiring the SOFTWARE and its documentation in accordance with the terms of this License. If the unit or agency is other than DOD, the SOFTWARE and its documentation are classified as "commercial computer software" and "commercial computer software documentation" respectively and, pursuant to FAR Section 12.212, the Government is acquiring the SOFTWARE and its documentation in accordance with the terms of this License.
ESP warrants that it has the authority and right to license the SOFTWARE, and that the SOFTWARE will conform to the material printed specifications therefore which are in effect on the date of original delivery of such SOFTWARE. ESP's warranty and obligation shall extend for a period of ninety (90) days after the date of the original delivery of SOFTWARE to LICENSEE by ESP, and is solely for the benefit of LICENSEE, who has no authority to assign or pass through this warranty to any other person or entity.
Except as provided in this Section, the SOFTWARE is provided to LICENSEE on an "AS IS" basis, and ESP makes no other warranty of any kind, express or implied, with regard to the SOFTWARE licensed hereunder. ESP warrants that the SOFTWARE properly processes date and time information between the years 1970 and 2038. ESP does not warrant or represent that the SOFTWARE will operate uninterrupted or error free or that all defects in the SOFTWARE are correctable or will be corrected. This warranty shall not apply if SOFTWARE is used other than in accordance with ESP's written instructions, or if any of LICENSEE's hardware equipment or other software malfunctions. ESP's entire liability and LICENSEE's exclusive remedy for any defects in the SOFTWARE shall be to obtain ESP's SOFTWARE updates via the Internet or pay a media update fee for each copy of the SOFTWARE.
THE FORGOING WARRANTIES ARE IN LIEU OF, AND ESP DISCLAIMS, ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Some states do not allow the exclusion of implied warranties, so the exclusion above may not apply to LICENSEE. This warranty gives LICENSEE specific legal rights, and LICENSEE may have other rights which vary from state to state.
IN NO EVENT SHALL ESP OR ESP'S LICENSORS BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE FOR ANY SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR INDIRECT DAMAGES OF ANY KIND (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOSS OF PROFITS OR DATA AND PERSONAL INJURY), WHETHER OR NOT ESP HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSS, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT. THESE LIMITATIONS SHALL APPLY NOTWITHSTANDING THE FAILURE OF THE ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY LIMITED REMEDY. In no event will ESP be liable for any claim against LICENSEE by a third party, and LICENSEE hereby agrees to indemnify and hold ESP harmless for any claims for cost, damage, expense or liability arising out of or in connection with the installation, use and performance of the SOFTWARE licensed hereunder, whether alone or in combination with any other product or service. Some states do not allow the limitation or exclusion of liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the limitation above may not apply to LICENSEE.
The SOFTWARE covered by the AGREEMENT correctly processes dates between the years 1970 and 2038, provided that LICENSEE has installed all applicable operating system patches and/or hardware devices required for proper handling of dates beyond the year 2000.
This SOFTWARE is based upon the Common UNIX Printing System which is covered under the terms of the GNU General Public License and GNU Library General Public License. ESP shall provide to LICENSEE the complete and modified source code for the Common UNIX Printing System on CD-ROM for a nominal media fee of $50 US or via the Internet at no charge at http://www.cups.org.
Copyright 1997-2005 by Easy Software Products
44141 AIRPORT VIEW DR STE 204
HOLLYWOOD, MARYLAND 20636 USA
Voice: +1.301.373.9600
Email: cups-info@cups.org
WWW: http://www.cups.org
The Common UNIX Printing SystemTM, ("CUPSTM"), is provided under the GNU General Public License ("GPL") and GNU Library General Public License ("LGPL"), Version 2, with exceptions for Apple operating systems and the OpenSSL toolkit. A copy of the exceptions and licenses follow this introduction.
The GNU LGPL applies to the CUPS API library, located in the "cups" subdirectory of the CUPS source distribution and in the "cups" include directory and library files in the binary distributions. The GNU GPL applies to the remainder of the CUPS distribution, including the "pdftops" filter which is based upon Xpdf and the CUPS imaging library.
For those not familiar with the GNU GPL, the license basically allows you to:
What this license does not allow you to do is make changes or add features to CUPS and then sell a binary distribution without source code. You must provide source for any new drivers, changes, or additions to the software, and all code must be provided under the GPL or LGPL as appropriate. The only exceptions to this are the portions of the CUPS software covered by the Apple operating system license exceptions outlined later in this license agreement.
The GNU LGPL relaxes the "link-to" restriction, allowing you to develop applications that use the CUPS API library under other licenses and/or conditions as appropriate for your application.
In addition, as the copyright holder of CUPS, Easy Software Products grants the following special exceptions:
This file is subject to the Apple OS-Developed Software exception.
No developer is required to provide these exceptions in a derived work.
Easy Software Products has trademarked the Common UNIX Printing System, CUPS, and CUPS logo. You may use these names and logos in any direct port or binary distribution of CUPS. Please contact Easy Software Products for written permission to use them in derivative products. Our intention is to protect the value of these trademarks and ensure that any derivative product meets the same high-quality standards as the original.
Easy Software Products also sells rights to the CUPS source code under a binary distribution license for vendors that are unable to release source code for their drivers, additions, and modifications to CUPS under the GNU GPL and LGPL. For information please contact us at the address shown above.
The Common UNIX Printing System provides a "pdftops" filter that is based on the Xpdf software. For binary distribution licensing of this software, please contact:
Derek B. Noonburg
Email: derekn@foolabs.com
WWW: http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/
Easy Software Products sells software support for CUPS as well as a commercial printing product based on CUPS called ESP Print Pro. You can find out more at our web site:
http://www.easysw.com/
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does. Copyright (C) yyyy name of author This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. [This is the first released version of the library GPL. It is numbered 2 because it goes with version 2 of the ordinary GPL.]
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.
This license, the Library General Public License, applies to some specially designated Free Software Foundation software, and to any other libraries whose authors decide to use it. You can use it for your libraries, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the library, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. If you link a program with the library, you must provide complete object files to the recipients so that they can relink them with the library, after making changes to the library and recompiling it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
Our method of protecting your rights has two steps: (1) copyright the library, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.
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one line to give the library's name and an idea of what it does. Copyright (C) year name of author This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker. signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1990 Ty Coon, President of Vice
That's all there is to it!