*Kenya, Geography

Location:
  Eastern Africa, bordering the northwestern India Ocean between Tanzania and
  Somalia
Map references:
  Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
 total area:
  582,650 km2
 land area:
  569,250 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly more than twice the size of Nevada
Land boundaries:
  total 3,446 km, Ethiopia 830 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769
  km, Uganda 933 km
Coastline:
  536 km
Maritime claims:
 exclusive economic zone:
  200 nm
 territorial sea:
  12 nm
International disputes:
  administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide with international
  boundary; possible claim by Somalia based on unification of ethnic Somalis
Climate:
  varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior
Terrain:
  low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile
  plateau in west
Natural resources:
  gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barytes, rubies, fluorspar, garnets,
  wildlife
Land use:
 arable land:
  3%  permanent crops:
  1%
 meadows and pastures:
  7%
 forest and woodland:
  4%
 other:
  85%
Irrigated land:
  520 km2 (1989)
Environment:
  unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and
  economic value; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; glaciers on
  Mt. Kenya
Note:
  the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural
  production regions in Africa

*Kenya, People

Population:
  27,372,266 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  3.18% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  43.18 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  11.41 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  74.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  54.07 years
 male:
  52.27 years
 female:
  55.92 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
  6.06 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Kenyan(s)
 adjective:
  Kenyan
Ethnic divisions:
  Kikuyu 21%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 11%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%,
  Asian, European, and Arab 1%
Religions:
  Roman Catholic 28%, Protestant (including Anglican) 26%, indigenous beliefs
  18%, Muslim 6%
Languages:
  English (official), Swahili (official), numerous indigenous languages
Literacy:
  age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
 total population:
  69%
 male:
  80%
 female:
  58%
Labor force:
  9.2 million (includes unemployed); the total employed is 1,370,000 (14.8% of
  the labor force)
 by occupation:
  services 54.8%, industry 26.2%, agriculture 19.0% (1989)

*Kenya, Government

Names:
 conventional long form:
  Republic of Kenya
 conventional short form:
  Kenya
 former:
  British East Africa
Digraph:
  KE
Type:
  republic
Capital:
  Nairobi
Administrative divisions:
  8 provinces; Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi, North Eastern, Nyanza, Rift
  Valley, Western
Independence:
  12 December 1963 (from UK)
Constitution:
  12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979,
  1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, and 1992
Legal system:
  based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review in
  High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations;
  constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party state
  repealed in 1991
National holiday:
  Independence Day, 12 December (1963)
Political parties and leaders:
  ruling party is Kenya African National Union (KANU), Daniel T. arap MOI,
  president; opposition parties include Forum for the Restoration of Democracy
  (FORD-Kenya), Oginga ODINGA; FORD-Asili, Kenneth MATIBA; Democratic Party of
  Kenya (DP), Mwai KIBAKI; Kenya National Congress (KNC), Titus MBATHI; Kenya
  Social Congress (KSC), George ANYONA; Kenya National Democratic Alliance
  (KENYA), Mukara NG'ANG'A; Party for Independent Candidates of Kenya (PKK),
  Otieno OTOERA
Other political or pressure groups:
  labor unions; exile opposition - Mwakenya and other groups
Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
Elections:
 President:
  last held on 29 December 1992; results - President Daniel T. arap MOI was
  reelected with 37% of the vote; Kenneth Matiba (FORD-ASILI) 26%; Mwai Kibaki
  (SP) 19%, Oginga Odinga (FORD-Kenya) 17%
 National Assembly:
  last held on 29 December 1992; results - (188 total) KANU 100, FORD-Kenya
  31, FORD-Asili 31, DP 23, smaller parties 3; president nominates 12
  additional members
 note:
  first multiparty election since repeal of one-party state law
Executive branch:
  president, vice president, Cabinet
Legislative branch:
  unicameral National Assembly (Bunge)
Judicial branch:
  Court of Appeal, High Court

*Kenya, Government

Leaders:
 Chief of State and Head of Government:
  President Daniel Teroitich arap MOI (since 14 October 1978); Vice President
  George SAITOTI (since 10 May 1989)
Member of:
  ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD,
  IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS,
  MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL,
  WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Denis Daudi AFANDE
 chancery:
  2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
 telephone:
  (202) 387-6101
 consulates general:
  Los Angeles and New York
US diplomatic representation:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Smith HEMPSTONE, Jr.
 embassy:
  corner of Moi Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue, Nairobi
 mailing address:
  P. O. Box 30137, Nairobi or APO AE 09831
 telephone:
  [254] (2) 334141
 FAX:
  [254] (2) 340838
 consulate:
  Mombasa
Flag:   three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is
  edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is
  superimposed at the center

*Kenya, Economy

Overview:
  Kenya's 3.6% annual population growth rate - one of the highest in the world
  - presents a serious problem for the country's economy. In the meantime, GDP
  growth in the near term has kept slightly ahead of population - annually
  averaging 4.9% in the 1986-90 period. Undependable weather conditions and a
  shortage of arable land hamper long-term growth in agriculture, the leading
  economic sector. In 1991, deficient rainfall, stagnant export volume, and
  sagging export prices held economic growth below the all-important
  population growth figure, and in 1992 output fell.
National product:
  GDP - exchange rate conversion - $8.3 billion (1992 est.)
National product real growth rate:
  -1% (1992 est.)
National product per capita:
  $320 (1992 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  30% (1992 est.)
Unemployment rate:
  NA%
Budget:
  revenues $2.4 billion; expenditures $2.8 billion, including capital
  expenditures of $0.74 billion (FY90)
Exports:
  $1.0 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
 commodities:
  tea 25%, coffee 18%, petroleum products 11% (1990)
 partners:
  EC 44%, Africa 25%, Asia 5%, US 5%, Middle East 4% (1990)
Imports:
  $2.05 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
 commodities:
  machinery and transportation equipment 29%, petroleum and petroleum products
  15%, iron and steel 7%, raw materials, food and consumer goods (1989)
 partners:
  EC 45%, Asia 11%, Middle East 12%, US 5% (1988)
External debt:
  $7 billion (1992 est.)
Industrial production:
  growth rate 5.4% (1989 est.); accounts for 13% of GDP
Electricity:
  730,000 kW capacity; 2,540 million kWh produced, 100 kWh per capita (1990)
Industries:
  small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap,
  cigarettes, flour), agricultural processing, oil refining, cement, tourism
Agriculture:
  most important sector, accounting for 25% of GDP and 65% of exports; cash
  crops - coffee, tea, sisal, pineapple; food products - corn, wheat,
  sugarcane, fruit, vegetables, dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs;
  food output not keeping pace with population growth, and crop production has
  been extended into marginal land
Illicit drugs:
  widespread wild, small-plot cultivation of marijuana and gat; most locally
  consumed; transit country for Southwest Asian heroin moving to West Africa
  and onward to Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on
  way to South Africa

*Kenya, Economy

Economic aid:
  US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $839 million; Western (non-US)
  countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $7,490 million; OPEC
  bilateral aid (1979-89), $74 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $83
  million
Currency:
  1 Kenyan shilling (KSh) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
  Kenyan shillings (KSh) per US$1 -36.227 (January 1993), 32.217 (1992),
  27.508 (1991), 22.915 (1990), 20.572 (1989), 17.747 (1988)
Fiscal year:
  1 July - 30 June

*Kenya, Communications

Railroads:
  2,040 km 1.000-meter gauge
Highways:
  64,590 km total; 7,000 km paved, 4,150 km gravel, remainder improved earth
Inland waterways:
  part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya
Pipelines:
  petroleum products 483 km
Ports:
  coastal - Mombasa, Lamu; inland - Kisumu
Merchant marine:
  1 oil tanker ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,727 GRT/5,558 DWT
Airports:
 total:
  247
 usable:
  208
 with permanent-surface runways:
  18
 with runways over 3,659 m:
  2
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  3
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  43
Telecommunications:
  in top group of African systems; consists primarily of radio relay links;
  over 260,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 16 AM; 4 FM, 6 TV; satellite
  earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT

*Kenya, Defense Forces

Branches:
  Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary General Service Unit of the Police
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 5,912,744; fit for military service 3,654,738 (1993 est.);
  no conscription
Defense expenditures:
  exchange rate conversion - $294 million, 4.9% of GDP (FY88/89 est.)