pgBackRest - Command Reference
Description: The pgBackRest Command Reference details all commands and options.

pgBackRest
Command Reference
Introduction
Commands are used to execute the various pgBackRest functions. Here the command options are listed exhaustively, that is, each option applicable to a command is listed with that command even if it applies to one or more other commands. This includes all the options that may also be configured in pgbackrest.conf.
Non-boolean options configured in pgbackrest.conf can be reset to default on the command-line by using the reset- prefix. This feature may be used to restore a backup directly on a repository host. Normally, pgBackRest will error because it can see that the database host is remote and restores cannot be done remotely. By adding --reset-pg1-host on the command-line, pgBackRest will ignore the remote database host and restore locally. It may be necessary to pass a new --pg1-path to force the restore to happen in a specific path, i.e. not the path used on the database host.
The no- prefix may be used to set a boolean option to false on the command-line.
Any option may be set in an environment variable using the PGBACKREST_ prefix and the option name in all caps replacing - with _, e.g. pg1-path becomes PGBACKREST_PG1_PATH and stanza becomes PGBACKREST_STANZA. Boolean options are represented as they would be in a configuration file, e.g. PGBACKREST_COMPRESS="n", and reset-* variants are not allowed. Options that can be specified multiple times on the command-line or in a config file can be represented by separating the values with colons, e.g. PGBACKREST_DB_INCLUDE="db1:db2".
Command-line options override environment options which override config file options.
See Configuration Introduction for information on option types
Annotate Command (annotate)
Annotations included with the backup command can be added, modified, or removed afterwards using the annotate command.
Command Options
Backup Annotation Option (--annotation)
Annotate backup with user-defined key/value pairs.
Users can attach informative key/value pairs to the backup. This option may be used multiple times to attach multiple annotations.
Annotations are output by the info command text output when a backup is specified with --set and always appear in the JSON output.

    example: --annotation=source="Sunday backup for website database"

Set Option (--set)
Backup set to annotate.
The backup set to annotate.

    example: --set=20150131-153358F_20150131-153401I

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Buffer Size Option (--buffer-size)
Buffer size for I/O operations.
Buffer size used for copy, compress, encrypt, and other operations. The number of buffers used depends on options and each operation may use additional memory, e.g. gz compression may use an additional 256KiB of memory.
Allowed values are 16KiB, 32KiB, 64KiB, 128KiB, 256KiB, 512KiB, 1MiB, 2MiB, 4MiB, 8MiB, and 16MiB.

    default: 1MiB
    example: --buffer-size=2MiB

SSH Client Command Option (--cmd-ssh)
SSH client command.
Use a specific SSH client command when an alternate is desired or the ssh command is not in $PATH.

    default: ssh
    example: --cmd-ssh=/usr/bin/ssh

Network Compress Level Option (--compress-level-network)
Network compression level.
Sets the network compression level when compress-type=none and the command is not run on the same host as the repository. Compression is used to reduce network traffic. When compress-type does not equal none the compress-level-network setting is ignored and compress-level is used instead so that the file is only compressed once.

    default: 1
    allowed: [-5, 12]
    example: --compress-level-network=1

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

I/O Timeout Option (--io-timeout)
I/O timeout.
Timeout, in seconds, used for connections and read/write operations.
Note that the entire read/write operation does not need to complete within this timeout but some progress must be made, even if it is only a single byte.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1h]
    example: --io-timeout=120

Lock Path Option (--lock-path)
Path where lock files are stored.
The lock path provides a location for pgBackRest to create lock files to prevent conflicting operations from being run concurrently.

    default: /tmp/pgbackrest
    example: --lock-path=/backup/db/lock

Neutral Umask Option (--neutral-umask)
Use a neutral umask.
Sets the umask to 0000 so modes in the repository are created in a sensible way. The default directory mode is 0750 and default file mode is 0640.
To use the executing user's umask instead specify neutral-umask=n in the config file or --no-neutral-umask on the command line.

    default: y
    example: --no-neutral-umask

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Protocol Timeout Option (--protocol-timeout)
Protocol timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, that the local or remote process will wait for a new message to be received on the protocol layer. This prevents processes from waiting indefinitely for a message.
NOTE:
The protocol-timeout option must be greater than the db-timeout option.

    default: 31m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --protocol-timeout=630

Keep Alive Option (--sck-keep-alive)
Keep-alive enable.
Enables keep-alive messages on socket connections.

    default: y
    example: --no-sck-keep-alive

Stanza Option (--stanza)
Defines the stanza.
A stanza is the configuration for a PostgreSQL database cluster that defines where it is located, how it will be backed up, archiving options, etc. Most db servers will only have one PostgreSQL database cluster and therefore one stanza, whereas backup servers will have a stanza for every database cluster that needs to be backed up.
It is tempting to name the stanza after the primary cluster but a better name describes the databases contained in the cluster. Because the stanza name will be used for the primary and all replicas it is more appropriate to choose a name that describes the actual function of the cluster, such as app or dw, rather than the local cluster name, such as main or prod.

    example: --stanza=main

Keep Alive Count Option (--tcp-keep-alive-count)
Keep-alive count.
Specifies the number of TCP keep-alive messages that can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.

    allowed: [1, 32]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-count=3

Keep Alive Idle Option (--tcp-keep-alive-idle)
Keep-alive idle time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) with no network activity after which the operating system should send a TCP keep-alive message.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option.

    allowed: [1, 3600]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-idle=60

Keep Alive Interval Option (--tcp-keep-alive-interval)
Keep-alive interval time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) after which a TCP keep-alive message that has not been acknowledged should be retransmitted.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.

    allowed: [1, 900]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-interval=30

TLSv1.2 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-12)
Allowed TLSv1.2 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. The example is reasonable choice unless you have specific security requirements. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-12=HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL

TLSv1.3 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-13)
Allowed TLSv1.3 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-13=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Subprocesses Option (--log-subprocess)
Enable logging in subprocesses.
Enable file logging for any subprocesses created by this process using the log level specified by log-level-file.

    default: n
    example: --log-subprocess

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Repository Options
Set Repository Option (--repo)
Set repository.
Set the repository for a command to operate on.
For example, this option may be used to perform a restore from a specific repository, rather than letting pgBackRest choose.

    allowed: [1, 256]
    example: --repo=1

Azure Repository Container Option (--repo-azure-container)
Azure repository container.
Azure container used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the container root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other Azure-generated content can also be stored in the container.

    example: --repo1-azure-container=pg-backup

Azure Repository Key Type Option (--repo-azure-key-type)
Azure repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- shared - Shared key
- sas - Shared access signature
- auto - Automatically authorize using Azure managed identities

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-azure-key-type=sas

Azure Repository URI Style Option (--repo-azure-uri-style)
Azure URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to account.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend account to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-azure-uri-style=path

Repository Cipher Type Option (--repo-cipher-type)
Cipher used to encrypt the repository.
The following cipher types are supported:

- none - The repository is not encrypted
- aes-256-cbc - Advanced Encryption Standard with 256 bit key length

Note that encryption is always performed client-side even if the repository type (e.g. S3) supports encryption.

    default: none
    example: --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

GCS Repository Bucket Option (--repo-gcs-bucket)
GCS repository bucket.
GCS bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other GCS-generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-gcs-bucket=/pg-backup

GCS Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-gcs-endpoint)
GCS repository endpoint.
Endpoint used to connect to the storage service. May be updated to use a local GCS server or alternate endpoint.

    default: storage.googleapis.com
    example: --repo1-gcs-endpoint=localhost

GCS Repository Key Type Option (--repo-gcs-key-type)
GCS repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- auto - Authorize using the instance service account.
- service - Service account from locally stored key.
- token - For local testing, e.g. fakegcs.

When repo-gcs-key-type=service the credentials will be reloaded when the authentication token is renewed.

    default: service
    example: --repo1-gcs-key-type=auto

GCS Repository Project ID Option (--repo-gcs-user-project)
GCS project ID.
GCS project ID used to determine request billing.

    example: --repo1-gcs-user-project=my-project

Repository Host Option (--repo-host)
Repository host when operating remotely.
When backing up and archiving to a locally mounted filesystem this setting is not required.

    example: --repo1-host=repo1.domain.com

Deprecated Name: backup-host
Repository Host Certificate Authority File Option (--repo-host-ca-file)
Repository host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Repository Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--repo-host-ca-path)
Repository host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Repository Host Certificate File Option (--repo-host-cert-file)
Repository host certificate file.
Sent to repository host to prove client identity.

    example: --repo1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

Repository Host Command Option (--repo-host-cmd)
Repository host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and repository hosts. If not defined, the repository host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --repo1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: backup-cmd
Repository Host Configuration Option (--repo-host-config)
pgBackRest repository host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --repo1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: backup-config
Repository Host Configuration Include Path Option (--repo-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Repository Host Configuration Path Option (--repo-host-config-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Repository Host Key File Option (--repo-host-key-file)
Repository host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --repo1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

Repository Host Port Option (--repo-host-port)
Repository host port when repo-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the repository host protocol.
NOTE:
When repo-host-type=ssh there is no default for repo-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on repo-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --repo1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: backup-ssh-port
Repository Host Protocol Type Option (--repo-host-type)
Repository host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --repo1-host-type=tls

Repository Host User Option (--repo-host-user)
Repository host user when repo-host is set.
Defines the user that will be used for operations on the repository host. Preferably this is not the postgres user but rather some other user like pgbackrest. If PostgreSQL runs on the repository host the postgres user can be placed in the pgbackrest group so it has read permissions on the repository without being able to damage the contents accidentally.

    default: pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-host-user=repo-user

Deprecated Name: backup-user
Repository Path Option (--repo-path)
Path where backups and archive are stored.
The repository is where pgBackRest stores backups and archives WAL segments.
It may be difficult to estimate in advance how much space you'll need. The best thing to do is take some backups then record the size of different types of backups (full/incr/diff) and measure the amount of WAL generated per day. This will give you a general idea of how much space you'll need, though of course requirements will likely change over time as your database evolves.

    default: /var/lib/pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-path=/backup/db/backrest

S3 Repository Bucket Option (--repo-s3-bucket)
S3 repository bucket.
S3 bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other AWS generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-s3-bucket=pg-backup

S3 Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-endpoint)
S3 repository endpoint.
The AWS endpoint should be valid for the selected region.
For custom/test configurations the repo-storage-ca-file, repo-storage-ca-path, repo-storage-host, repo-storage-port, and repo-storage-verify-tls options may be useful.

    example: --repo1-s3-endpoint=s3.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository Key Type Option (--repo-s3-key-type)
S3 repository key type.
The following types are supported:

- shared - Shared keys
- auto - Automatically retrieve temporary credentials
- web-id - Automatically retrieve web identity credentials
- pod-id - Automatically retrieve EKS pod identity credentials
- process - Retrieve credentials by executing a process

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-s3-key-type=auto

S3 Repository KMS Key ID Option (--repo-s3-kms-key-id)
S3 repository KMS key.
Enables S3 server-side encryption using the specified AWS key management service key.

    example: --repo1-s3-kms-key-id=bceb4f13-6939-4be3-910d-df54dee817b7

S3 Authentication Process Command Option (--repo-s3-process-cmd)
S3 authentication process command.
Command (and optional arguments) to execute for retrieving temporary S3 credentials. The first list entry is the command and the remaining entries are passed as parameters.
The process must output JSON containing AccessKeyId, SecretAccessKey, SessionToken, and Expiration fields. Credentials will be automatically refreshed before the expiration time. See Process Credential Provider for format details.

    example: --repo1-s3-process-cmd=/usr/local/bin/get-credentials --repo1-s3-process-cmd=--role --repo1-s3-process-cmd=my-role

S3 Repository Region Option (--repo-s3-region)
S3 repository region.
The AWS region where the bucket was created.

    example: --repo1-s3-region=us-east-1

S3 Repository Requestor Pays Option (--repo-s3-requester-pays)
S3 repository requester pays.
Enables S3 requester pays.

    default: n
    example: --no-repo1-s3-requester-pays

S3 Repository Role Option (--repo-s3-role)
S3 repository role.
The AWS role name (not the full ARN) used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=auto.

    example: --repo1-s3-role=authrole

S3 Repository Service Option (--repo-s3-service)
S3 signing service.
The S3 signing service used in SigV4 authentication. Defaults to s3 for standard S3 endpoints. Set to s3-outposts when using an S3 Outposts endpoint.

    default: s3
    example: --repo1-s3-service=s3-outposts

S3 Repository STS Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-sts-host)
S3 repository STS endpoint.
The STS endpoint used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=web-id is configured. Set to a regional endpoint (e.g. sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com) to use regional STS, which may be required for GovCloud, China regions, or to reduce latency.

    default: sts.amazonaws.com
    example: --repo1-s3-sts-host=sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository URI Style Option (--repo-s3-uri-style)
S3 URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to bucket.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend bucket to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-s3-uri-style=path

SFTP Repository Host Option (--repo-sftp-host)
SFTP repository host.
The SFTP host containing the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host=sftprepo.domain

SFTP Repository Host Fingerprint Option (--repo-sftp-host-fingerprint)
SFTP repository host fingerprint.
SFTP repository host fingerprint generation should match the repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type. Generate the fingerprint via awk '{print $2}' ssh_host_xxx_key.pub | base64 -d | (md5sum or sha1sum) -b. The ssh host keys are normally found in the /etc/ssh directory.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-fingerprint=f84e172dfead7aeeeae6c1fdfb5aa8cf

SFTP Host Key Check Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-check-type)
SFTP host key check type.
The following SFTP host key check types are supported:

- strict - pgBackRest will never automatically add host keys to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and refuses to connect to hosts whose host key has changed or is not found in the known hosts files. This option forces the user to manually add all new hosts.
- accept-new - pgBackRest will automatically add new host keys to the user's known hosts file, but will not permit connections to hosts with changed host keys.
- fingerprint - pgBackRest will check the host key against the fingerprint specified by the repo-sftp-host-fingerprint option.
- none - no host key checking will be performed.

    default: strict
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-check-type=accept-new

SFTP Repository Host Key Hash Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type)
SFTP repository host key hash type.
SFTP repository host key hash type. Declares the hash type to be used to compute the digest of the remote system's host key on SSH startup. Newer versions of libssh2 support sha256 in addition to md5 and sha1.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha256

SFTP Repository Host Port Option (--repo-sftp-host-port)
SFTP repository host port.
SFTP repository host port.

    default: 22
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-port=22

SFTP Repository Host User Option (--repo-sftp-host-user)
SFTP repository host user.
User on the host used to store the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-user=pg-backup

SFTP Known Hosts File Option (--repo-sftp-known-host)
SFTP known hosts file.
A known hosts file to search for an SFTP host match during authentication. When unspecified, pgBackRest will default to searching ~/.ssh/known_hosts, ~/.ssh/known_hosts2, /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, and /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2. If configured with one or more file paths, pgBackRest will search those for a match. File paths must be full or leading tilde paths. The repo-sftp-known-host option can be passed multiple times to specify more than one known hosts file to search. To utilize known hosts file checking repo-sftp-host-fingerprint must not be specified. See also repo-sftp-host-check-type option.

    example: --repo1-sftp-known-host=/home/postgres/.ssh/known_hosts

SFTP Repository Private Key File Option (--repo-sftp-private-key-file)
SFTP private key file.
SFTP private key file used for authentication.

    example: --repo1-sftp-private-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519

SFTP Repository Public Key File Option (--repo-sftp-public-key-file)
SFTP public key file.
SFTP public key file used for authentication. Optional if compiled against OpenSSL, required if compiled against a different library.

    example: --repo1-sftp-public-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Repository Storage CA File Option (--repo-storage-ca-file)
Repository storage CA file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-file, repo-s3-ca-file
Repository Storage TLS CA Path Option (--repo-storage-ca-path)
Repository storage CA path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-path, repo-s3-ca-path
Repository Storage Host Option (--repo-storage-host)
Repository storage host.
Connect to a host other than the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint. This is typically used for testing.

    example: --repo1-storage-host=127.0.0.1

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-host, repo-s3-host
Repository Storage Port Option (--repo-storage-port)
Repository storage port.
Port to use when connecting to the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint (or host if specified).

    default: 443
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-storage-port=9000

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-port, repo-s3-port
Repository Storage Tag Option (--repo-storage-tag)
Repository storage tag(s).
Specify tags that will be added to objects when the repository is an object store (e.g. S3). The option can be repeated to add multiple tags.
There is no provision in pgBackRest to modify these tags so be sure to set them correctly before running stanza-create to ensure uniform tags across the entire repository.

    example: --repo1-storage-tag=key1=value1

Repository Storage Upload Chunk Size Option (--repo-storage-upload-chunk-size)
Repository storage upload chunk size.
Object stores such as S3 allow files to be uploaded in chunks when the file is too large to be stored in memory. Even if the file can be stored in memory, it is more memory efficient to limit the amount of memory used for uploads.
A larger chunk size will generally lead to better performance because it will minimize upload requests and allow more files to be uploaded in a single request rather than in chunks. The disadvantage is that memory usage will be higher and because the chunk buffer must be allocated per process, larger process-max values will lead to more memory being consumed overall.
Note that valid chunk sizes vary by storage type and by platform. For example, AWS S3 has a minimum chunk size of 5MiB. Terminology for chunk size varies by storage type, so when searching min/max values use part size for AWS S3, chunk size for GCS, and block size for Azure.
If a file is larger than 1GiB (the maximum size PostgreSQL will create by default) then the chunk size will be increased incrementally up to the maximum allowed in order to complete the file upload.

    default (depending on repo-type):
        azure - 4MiB
        gcs - 4MiB
        s3 - 5MiB

    allow range (depending on repo-type):
        azure - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        gcs - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        s3 - [5MiB, 1GiB]

    example: --repo1-storage-upload-chunk-size=16MiB

Repository Storage Certificate Verify Option (--repo-storage-verify-tls)
Repository storage certificate verify.
This option provides the ability to enable/disable verification of the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) server TLS certificate. Disabling should only be used for testing or other scenarios where a certificate has been self-signed.

    default: y
    example: --no-repo1-storage-verify-tls

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-verify-tls, repo-s3-verify-ssl, repo-s3-verify-tls
Repository Type Option (--repo-type)
Type of storage used for the repository.
The following repository types are supported:

- azure - Azure Blob Storage Service
- cifs - Like posix, but disables links and directory fsyncs
- gcs - Google Cloud Storage
- posix - Posix-compliant file systems
- s3 - AWS Simple Storage Service
- sftp - Secure File Transfer Protocol

When an NFS mount is used as a posix repository, the same rules apply to pgBackRest as described in the PostgreSQL documentation: Creating a Database Cluster - File Systems.

    default: posix
    example: --repo1-type=cifs

Archive Get Command (archive-get)
This command is used by PostgreSQL to restore a backup, perform PITR, or as an alternative to streaming for keeping a replica up to date. WAL segments are required for PostgreSQL recovery or to maintain a replica.
When multiple repositories are configured, WAL will be fetched from the repositories in priority order (e.g. repo1, repo2, etc.). In general it is better if faster/cheaper storage has higher priority. If a repository is specified with the --repo option then only that repository will be searched.
The archive-get command is configured and generated by pgBackRest during a restore for use by PostgreSQL. See Point-in-Time Recovery for an example.
Command Options
Asynchronous Archiving Option (--archive-async)
Push/get WAL segments asynchronously.
Enables asynchronous operation for the archive-push and archive-get commands.
Asynchronous operation is more efficient because it can reuse connections and take advantage of parallelism. See the spool-path, archive-get-queue-max, and archive-push-queue-max options for more information.

    default: n
    example: --archive-async

Maximum Archive Get Queue Size Option (--archive-get-queue-max)
Maximum size of the pgBackRest archive-get queue.
Specifies the maximum size of the archive-get queue when archive-async is enabled. The queue is stored in the spool-path and is used to speed providing WAL to PostgreSQL.

    default: 128MiB
    allowed: [0B, 4PiB]
    example: --archive-get-queue-max=1GiB

Retry Missing WAL Segment Option (--archive-missing-retry)
Retry missing WAL segment
Retry a WAL segment that was previously reported as missing by the archive-get command when in asynchronous mode. This prevents notifications in the spool path from a prior restore from being used and possibly causing a recovery failure if consistency has not been reached.
Disabling this option allows PostgreSQL to more reliably recognize when the end of the WAL in the archive has been reached, which permits it to switch over to streaming from the primary. With retries enabled, a steady stream of WAL being archived will cause PostgreSQL to continue getting WAL from the archive rather than switch to streaming.
When disabling this option it is important to ensure that the spool path for the stanza is empty. The restore command does this automatically if the spool path is configured at restore time. Otherwise, it is up to the user to ensure the spool path is empty.

    default: y
    example: --no-archive-missing-retry

Archive Timeout Option (--archive-timeout)
Archive timeout.
Set maximum time, in seconds, to wait for each WAL segment to reach the pgBackRest archive repository. The timeout applies to the check and backup commands when waiting for WAL segments required for backup consistency to be archived.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1d]
    example: --archive-timeout=30

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Buffer Size Option (--buffer-size)
Buffer size for I/O operations.
Buffer size used for copy, compress, encrypt, and other operations. The number of buffers used depends on options and each operation may use additional memory, e.g. gz compression may use an additional 256KiB of memory.
Allowed values are 16KiB, 32KiB, 64KiB, 128KiB, 256KiB, 512KiB, 1MiB, 2MiB, 4MiB, 8MiB, and 16MiB.

    default: 1MiB
    example: --buffer-size=2MiB

pgBackRest Command Option (--cmd)
pgBackRest command.
pgBackRest may generate a command string, e.g. when the restore command generates the restore_command setting. The command used to run the pgBackRest process will be used in this case unless the cmd option is provided.
CAUTION:
Wrapping the pgBackRest command may cause unpredictable behavior and is not recommended.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --cmd=/var/lib/pgsql/bin/pgbackrest_wrapper.sh

SSH Client Command Option (--cmd-ssh)
SSH client command.
Use a specific SSH client command when an alternate is desired or the ssh command is not in $PATH.

    default: ssh
    example: --cmd-ssh=/usr/bin/ssh

Network Compress Level Option (--compress-level-network)
Network compression level.
Sets the network compression level when compress-type=none and the command is not run on the same host as the repository. Compression is used to reduce network traffic. When compress-type does not equal none the compress-level-network setting is ignored and compress-level is used instead so that the file is only compressed once.

    default: 1
    allowed: [-5, 12]
    example: --compress-level-network=1

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

I/O Timeout Option (--io-timeout)
I/O timeout.
Timeout, in seconds, used for connections and read/write operations.
Note that the entire read/write operation does not need to complete within this timeout but some progress must be made, even if it is only a single byte.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1h]
    example: --io-timeout=120

Lock Path Option (--lock-path)
Path where lock files are stored.
The lock path provides a location for pgBackRest to create lock files to prevent conflicting operations from being run concurrently.

    default: /tmp/pgbackrest
    example: --lock-path=/backup/db/lock

Neutral Umask Option (--neutral-umask)
Use a neutral umask.
Sets the umask to 0000 so modes in the repository are created in a sensible way. The default directory mode is 0750 and default file mode is 0640.
To use the executing user's umask instead specify neutral-umask=n in the config file or --no-neutral-umask on the command line.

    default: y
    example: --no-neutral-umask

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Process Maximum Option (--process-max)
Max processes to use for compress/transfer.
Each process will perform compression and transfer to make the command run faster, but don't set process-max so high that it impacts database performance.

    default: 1
    allowed: [1, 999]
    example: --process-max=4

Protocol Timeout Option (--protocol-timeout)
Protocol timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, that the local or remote process will wait for a new message to be received on the protocol layer. This prevents processes from waiting indefinitely for a message.
NOTE:
The protocol-timeout option must be greater than the db-timeout option.

    default: 31m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --protocol-timeout=630

Keep Alive Option (--sck-keep-alive)
Keep-alive enable.
Enables keep-alive messages on socket connections.

    default: y
    example: --no-sck-keep-alive

Spool Path Option (--spool-path)
Path where transient data is stored.
This path is used to store data for the asynchronous archive-push and archive-get command.
The asynchronous archive-push command writes acknowledgements into the spool path when it has successfully stored WAL in the archive (and errors on failure) so the foreground process can quickly notify PostgreSQL. Acknowledgement files are very small (zero on success and a few hundred bytes on error).
The asynchronous archive-get command queues WAL in the spool path so it can be provided very quickly when PostgreSQL requests it. Moving files to PostgreSQL is most efficient when the spool path is on the same filesystem as pg_xlog/pg_wal. However, it is not recommended to place the spool path within the pg_xlog/pg_wal directory as this may cause issues for PostgreSQL utilities such as pg_rewind.
The data stored in the spool path is not strictly temporary since it can and should survive a reboot. However, loss of the data in the spool path is not a problem. pgBackRest will simply recheck each WAL segment to ensure it is safely archived for archive-push and rebuild the queue for archive-get.
The spool path is intended to be located on a local Posix-compatible filesystem, not a remote filesystem such as NFS or CIFS.

    default: /var/spool/pgbackrest
    example: --spool-path=/backup/db/spool

Stanza Option (--stanza)
Defines the stanza.
A stanza is the configuration for a PostgreSQL database cluster that defines where it is located, how it will be backed up, archiving options, etc. Most db servers will only have one PostgreSQL database cluster and therefore one stanza, whereas backup servers will have a stanza for every database cluster that needs to be backed up.
It is tempting to name the stanza after the primary cluster but a better name describes the databases contained in the cluster. Because the stanza name will be used for the primary and all replicas it is more appropriate to choose a name that describes the actual function of the cluster, such as app or dw, rather than the local cluster name, such as main or prod.

    example: --stanza=main

Keep Alive Count Option (--tcp-keep-alive-count)
Keep-alive count.
Specifies the number of TCP keep-alive messages that can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.

    allowed: [1, 32]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-count=3

Keep Alive Idle Option (--tcp-keep-alive-idle)
Keep-alive idle time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) with no network activity after which the operating system should send a TCP keep-alive message.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option.

    allowed: [1, 3600]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-idle=60

Keep Alive Interval Option (--tcp-keep-alive-interval)
Keep-alive interval time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) after which a TCP keep-alive message that has not been acknowledged should be retransmitted.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.

    allowed: [1, 900]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-interval=30

TLSv1.2 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-12)
Allowed TLSv1.2 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. The example is reasonable choice unless you have specific security requirements. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-12=HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL

TLSv1.3 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-13)
Allowed TLSv1.3 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-13=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Subprocesses Option (--log-subprocess)
Enable logging in subprocesses.
Enable file logging for any subprocesses created by this process using the log level specified by log-level-file.

    default: n
    example: --log-subprocess

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Maintainer Options
Force PostgreSQL Version Option (--pg-version-force)
Force PostgreSQL version.
The specified PostgreSQL version will be used instead of the version automatically detected by reading pg_control or WAL headers. This is mainly useful for PostgreSQL forks or development versions where those values are different from the release version. The version reported by PostgreSQL via `server_version_num` must match the forced version.
WARNING:
Be cautious when using this option because pg_control and WAL headers will still be read with the expected format for the specified version, i.e. the format from the official open-source version of PostgreSQL. If the fork or development version changes the format of the fields that pgBackRest depends on it will lead to unexpected behavior. In general, this option will only work as expected if the fork adds all custom struct members after the standard PostgreSQL members.

    example: --pg-version-force=15

Repository Options
Set Repository Option (--repo)
Set repository.
Set the repository for a command to operate on.
For example, this option may be used to perform a restore from a specific repository, rather than letting pgBackRest choose.

    allowed: [1, 256]
    example: --repo=1

Azure Repository Container Option (--repo-azure-container)
Azure repository container.
Azure container used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the container root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other Azure-generated content can also be stored in the container.

    example: --repo1-azure-container=pg-backup

Azure Repository Key Type Option (--repo-azure-key-type)
Azure repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- shared - Shared key
- sas - Shared access signature
- auto - Automatically authorize using Azure managed identities

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-azure-key-type=sas

Azure Repository URI Style Option (--repo-azure-uri-style)
Azure URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to account.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend account to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-azure-uri-style=path

Repository Cipher Type Option (--repo-cipher-type)
Cipher used to encrypt the repository.
The following cipher types are supported:

- none - The repository is not encrypted
- aes-256-cbc - Advanced Encryption Standard with 256 bit key length

Note that encryption is always performed client-side even if the repository type (e.g. S3) supports encryption.

    default: none
    example: --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

GCS Repository Bucket Option (--repo-gcs-bucket)
GCS repository bucket.
GCS bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other GCS-generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-gcs-bucket=/pg-backup

GCS Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-gcs-endpoint)
GCS repository endpoint.
Endpoint used to connect to the storage service. May be updated to use a local GCS server or alternate endpoint.

    default: storage.googleapis.com
    example: --repo1-gcs-endpoint=localhost

GCS Repository Key Type Option (--repo-gcs-key-type)
GCS repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- auto - Authorize using the instance service account.
- service - Service account from locally stored key.
- token - For local testing, e.g. fakegcs.

When repo-gcs-key-type=service the credentials will be reloaded when the authentication token is renewed.

    default: service
    example: --repo1-gcs-key-type=auto

GCS Repository Project ID Option (--repo-gcs-user-project)
GCS project ID.
GCS project ID used to determine request billing.

    example: --repo1-gcs-user-project=my-project

Repository Host Option (--repo-host)
Repository host when operating remotely.
When backing up and archiving to a locally mounted filesystem this setting is not required.

    example: --repo1-host=repo1.domain.com

Deprecated Name: backup-host
Repository Host Certificate Authority File Option (--repo-host-ca-file)
Repository host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Repository Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--repo-host-ca-path)
Repository host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Repository Host Certificate File Option (--repo-host-cert-file)
Repository host certificate file.
Sent to repository host to prove client identity.

    example: --repo1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

Repository Host Command Option (--repo-host-cmd)
Repository host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and repository hosts. If not defined, the repository host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --repo1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: backup-cmd
Repository Host Configuration Option (--repo-host-config)
pgBackRest repository host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --repo1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: backup-config
Repository Host Configuration Include Path Option (--repo-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Repository Host Configuration Path Option (--repo-host-config-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Repository Host Key File Option (--repo-host-key-file)
Repository host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --repo1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

Repository Host Port Option (--repo-host-port)
Repository host port when repo-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the repository host protocol.
NOTE:
When repo-host-type=ssh there is no default for repo-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on repo-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --repo1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: backup-ssh-port
Repository Host Protocol Type Option (--repo-host-type)
Repository host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --repo1-host-type=tls

Repository Host User Option (--repo-host-user)
Repository host user when repo-host is set.
Defines the user that will be used for operations on the repository host. Preferably this is not the postgres user but rather some other user like pgbackrest. If PostgreSQL runs on the repository host the postgres user can be placed in the pgbackrest group so it has read permissions on the repository without being able to damage the contents accidentally.

    default: pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-host-user=repo-user

Deprecated Name: backup-user
Repository Path Option (--repo-path)
Path where backups and archive are stored.
The repository is where pgBackRest stores backups and archives WAL segments.
It may be difficult to estimate in advance how much space you'll need. The best thing to do is take some backups then record the size of different types of backups (full/incr/diff) and measure the amount of WAL generated per day. This will give you a general idea of how much space you'll need, though of course requirements will likely change over time as your database evolves.

    default: /var/lib/pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-path=/backup/db/backrest

S3 Repository Bucket Option (--repo-s3-bucket)
S3 repository bucket.
S3 bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other AWS generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-s3-bucket=pg-backup

S3 Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-endpoint)
S3 repository endpoint.
The AWS endpoint should be valid for the selected region.
For custom/test configurations the repo-storage-ca-file, repo-storage-ca-path, repo-storage-host, repo-storage-port, and repo-storage-verify-tls options may be useful.

    example: --repo1-s3-endpoint=s3.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository Key Type Option (--repo-s3-key-type)
S3 repository key type.
The following types are supported:

- shared - Shared keys
- auto - Automatically retrieve temporary credentials
- web-id - Automatically retrieve web identity credentials
- pod-id - Automatically retrieve EKS pod identity credentials
- process - Retrieve credentials by executing a process

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-s3-key-type=auto

S3 Repository KMS Key ID Option (--repo-s3-kms-key-id)
S3 repository KMS key.
Enables S3 server-side encryption using the specified AWS key management service key.

    example: --repo1-s3-kms-key-id=bceb4f13-6939-4be3-910d-df54dee817b7

S3 Authentication Process Command Option (--repo-s3-process-cmd)
S3 authentication process command.
Command (and optional arguments) to execute for retrieving temporary S3 credentials. The first list entry is the command and the remaining entries are passed as parameters.
The process must output JSON containing AccessKeyId, SecretAccessKey, SessionToken, and Expiration fields. Credentials will be automatically refreshed before the expiration time. See Process Credential Provider for format details.

    example: --repo1-s3-process-cmd=/usr/local/bin/get-credentials --repo1-s3-process-cmd=--role --repo1-s3-process-cmd=my-role

S3 Repository Region Option (--repo-s3-region)
S3 repository region.
The AWS region where the bucket was created.

    example: --repo1-s3-region=us-east-1

S3 Repository Requestor Pays Option (--repo-s3-requester-pays)
S3 repository requester pays.
Enables S3 requester pays.

    default: n
    example: --no-repo1-s3-requester-pays

S3 Repository Role Option (--repo-s3-role)
S3 repository role.
The AWS role name (not the full ARN) used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=auto.

    example: --repo1-s3-role=authrole

S3 Repository Service Option (--repo-s3-service)
S3 signing service.
The S3 signing service used in SigV4 authentication. Defaults to s3 for standard S3 endpoints. Set to s3-outposts when using an S3 Outposts endpoint.

    default: s3
    example: --repo1-s3-service=s3-outposts

S3 Repository STS Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-sts-host)
S3 repository STS endpoint.
The STS endpoint used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=web-id is configured. Set to a regional endpoint (e.g. sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com) to use regional STS, which may be required for GovCloud, China regions, or to reduce latency.

    default: sts.amazonaws.com
    example: --repo1-s3-sts-host=sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository URI Style Option (--repo-s3-uri-style)
S3 URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to bucket.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend bucket to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-s3-uri-style=path

SFTP Repository Host Option (--repo-sftp-host)
SFTP repository host.
The SFTP host containing the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host=sftprepo.domain

SFTP Repository Host Fingerprint Option (--repo-sftp-host-fingerprint)
SFTP repository host fingerprint.
SFTP repository host fingerprint generation should match the repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type. Generate the fingerprint via awk '{print $2}' ssh_host_xxx_key.pub | base64 -d | (md5sum or sha1sum) -b. The ssh host keys are normally found in the /etc/ssh directory.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-fingerprint=f84e172dfead7aeeeae6c1fdfb5aa8cf

SFTP Host Key Check Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-check-type)
SFTP host key check type.
The following SFTP host key check types are supported:

- strict - pgBackRest will never automatically add host keys to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and refuses to connect to hosts whose host key has changed or is not found in the known hosts files. This option forces the user to manually add all new hosts.
- accept-new - pgBackRest will automatically add new host keys to the user's known hosts file, but will not permit connections to hosts with changed host keys.
- fingerprint - pgBackRest will check the host key against the fingerprint specified by the repo-sftp-host-fingerprint option.
- none - no host key checking will be performed.

    default: strict
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-check-type=accept-new

SFTP Repository Host Key Hash Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type)
SFTP repository host key hash type.
SFTP repository host key hash type. Declares the hash type to be used to compute the digest of the remote system's host key on SSH startup. Newer versions of libssh2 support sha256 in addition to md5 and sha1.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha256

SFTP Repository Host Port Option (--repo-sftp-host-port)
SFTP repository host port.
SFTP repository host port.

    default: 22
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-port=22

SFTP Repository Host User Option (--repo-sftp-host-user)
SFTP repository host user.
User on the host used to store the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-user=pg-backup

SFTP Known Hosts File Option (--repo-sftp-known-host)
SFTP known hosts file.
A known hosts file to search for an SFTP host match during authentication. When unspecified, pgBackRest will default to searching ~/.ssh/known_hosts, ~/.ssh/known_hosts2, /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, and /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2. If configured with one or more file paths, pgBackRest will search those for a match. File paths must be full or leading tilde paths. The repo-sftp-known-host option can be passed multiple times to specify more than one known hosts file to search. To utilize known hosts file checking repo-sftp-host-fingerprint must not be specified. See also repo-sftp-host-check-type option.

    example: --repo1-sftp-known-host=/home/postgres/.ssh/known_hosts

SFTP Repository Private Key File Option (--repo-sftp-private-key-file)
SFTP private key file.
SFTP private key file used for authentication.

    example: --repo1-sftp-private-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519

SFTP Repository Public Key File Option (--repo-sftp-public-key-file)
SFTP public key file.
SFTP public key file used for authentication. Optional if compiled against OpenSSL, required if compiled against a different library.

    example: --repo1-sftp-public-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Repository Storage CA File Option (--repo-storage-ca-file)
Repository storage CA file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-file, repo-s3-ca-file
Repository Storage TLS CA Path Option (--repo-storage-ca-path)
Repository storage CA path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-path, repo-s3-ca-path
Repository Storage Host Option (--repo-storage-host)
Repository storage host.
Connect to a host other than the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint. This is typically used for testing.

    example: --repo1-storage-host=127.0.0.1

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-host, repo-s3-host
Repository Storage Port Option (--repo-storage-port)
Repository storage port.
Port to use when connecting to the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint (or host if specified).

    default: 443
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-storage-port=9000

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-port, repo-s3-port
Repository Storage Tag Option (--repo-storage-tag)
Repository storage tag(s).
Specify tags that will be added to objects when the repository is an object store (e.g. S3). The option can be repeated to add multiple tags.
There is no provision in pgBackRest to modify these tags so be sure to set them correctly before running stanza-create to ensure uniform tags across the entire repository.

    example: --repo1-storage-tag=key1=value1

Repository Storage Upload Chunk Size Option (--repo-storage-upload-chunk-size)
Repository storage upload chunk size.
Object stores such as S3 allow files to be uploaded in chunks when the file is too large to be stored in memory. Even if the file can be stored in memory, it is more memory efficient to limit the amount of memory used for uploads.
A larger chunk size will generally lead to better performance because it will minimize upload requests and allow more files to be uploaded in a single request rather than in chunks. The disadvantage is that memory usage will be higher and because the chunk buffer must be allocated per process, larger process-max values will lead to more memory being consumed overall.
Note that valid chunk sizes vary by storage type and by platform. For example, AWS S3 has a minimum chunk size of 5MiB. Terminology for chunk size varies by storage type, so when searching min/max values use part size for AWS S3, chunk size for GCS, and block size for Azure.
If a file is larger than 1GiB (the maximum size PostgreSQL will create by default) then the chunk size will be increased incrementally up to the maximum allowed in order to complete the file upload.

    default (depending on repo-type):
        azure - 4MiB
        gcs - 4MiB
        s3 - 5MiB

    allow range (depending on repo-type):
        azure - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        gcs - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        s3 - [5MiB, 1GiB]

    example: --repo1-storage-upload-chunk-size=16MiB

Repository Storage Certificate Verify Option (--repo-storage-verify-tls)
Repository storage certificate verify.
This option provides the ability to enable/disable verification of the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) server TLS certificate. Disabling should only be used for testing or other scenarios where a certificate has been self-signed.

    default: y
    example: --no-repo1-storage-verify-tls

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-verify-tls, repo-s3-verify-ssl, repo-s3-verify-tls
Target Time for Repository Option (--repo-target-time)
Target time for repository.
The target time defines the time that commands use to read a repository on versioned storage. This allows the command to read the repository as it was at a point-in-time in order to recover data that has been deleted or corrupted by user accident or malware.
Versioned storage is supported by S3, GCS, and Azure but is generally not enabled by default. In addition to enabling versioning, it may be useful to enable object locking for S3 and soft delete for GCS or Azure.
When the repo-target-time option is specified then the repo option must also be provided. It is likely that not all repository types will support versioning and in general it makes sense to target a single repository for recovery.
Note that comparisons to the storage timestamp are <= the timestamp provided and milliseconds are truncated from the timestamp when provided.

    example: --repo-target-time=2024-08-08 12:12:12+00

Repository Type Option (--repo-type)
Type of storage used for the repository.
The following repository types are supported:

- azure - Azure Blob Storage Service
- cifs - Like posix, but disables links and directory fsyncs
- gcs - Google Cloud Storage
- posix - Posix-compliant file systems
- s3 - AWS Simple Storage Service
- sftp - Secure File Transfer Protocol

When an NFS mount is used as a posix repository, the same rules apply to pgBackRest as described in the PostgreSQL documentation: Creating a Database Cluster - File Systems.

    default: posix
    example: --repo1-type=cifs

Stanza Options
PostgreSQL Path Option (--pg-path)
PostgreSQL data directory.
This should be the same as the data_directory reported by PostgreSQL. Even though this value can be read from various places, it is prudent to set it in case those resources are not available during a restore or offline backup scenario.
The pg-path option is tested against the value reported by PostgreSQL on every online backup so it should always be current.

    example: --pg1-path=/data/db

Deprecated Name: db-path
Archive Push Command (archive-push)
Accepts a WAL segment from PostgreSQL and archives it in each repository defined by the indexed repo-path option (see the Repository section for information on configuring repositories). The WAL segment may be pushed immediately to the archive or stored locally depending on the value of archive-async. With multiple repositories configured, archive-push will attempt to push to as many repositories as possible.
The archive-push is intended to be configured and called by PostgreSQL. See Configure Archiving for an example.
Command Options
Asynchronous Archiving Option (--archive-async)
Push/get WAL segments asynchronously.
Enables asynchronous operation for the archive-push and archive-get commands.
Asynchronous operation is more efficient because it can reuse connections and take advantage of parallelism. See the spool-path, archive-get-queue-max, and archive-push-queue-max options for more information.

    default: n
    example: --archive-async

Check Archive Option (--archive-check)
Check that WAL segments are in the archive before backup completes.
Checks that all WAL segments required to make the backup consistent are present in the WAL archive. It's a good idea to leave this as the default unless you are using another method for archiving.
This option must be enabled if archive-copy is enabled.

    default: y
    example: --no-archive-check

Check Archive Mode Option (--archive-mode-check)
Check the PostgreSQL archive_mode setting.
Enabled by default, this option disallows PostgreSQL archive_mode=always.
WAL segments pushed from a standby server might be logically the same as WAL segments pushed from the primary but have different checksums. Disabling archiving from multiple sources is recommended to avoid conflicts.
CAUTION:
If this option is disabled then it is critical to ensure that only one archiver is writing to the repository via the archive-push command.

    default: y
    example: --no-archive-mode-check

Archive Push Batch Size Option (--archive-push-batch-size)
Maximum amount of WAL to push per asynchronous run.
In asynchronous mode the archive-push process pushes all the WAL segments that are ready in a single run. Since archive-push-queue-max is only checked at the start of each run, a run that processes a very large number of segments can let the queue grow well beyond the limit before it is rechecked.
This option limits the amount of WAL processed per run so the process exits and is spawned again by the next archive-push, which rechecks the queue. Lower values recheck the queue more often at the cost of spawning the asynchronous process more frequently. The value is rounded down to a whole number of WAL segments but at least one segment is always processed.

    default: 16GiB
    allowed: [1MiB, 4PiB]
    example: --archive-push-batch-size=1GiB

Maximum Archive Push Queue Size Option (--archive-push-queue-max)
Maximum size of the PostgreSQL archive queue.
After the limit is reached, the following will happen:

- pgBackRest will notify PostgreSQL that the WAL was successfully archived, then DROP IT.
- A warning will be output to the PostgreSQL log.

If this occurs then the archive log stream will be interrupted and PITR will not be possible past that point. A new backup will be required to regain full restore capability.
In asynchronous mode the entire queue will be dropped to prevent spurts of WAL getting through before the queue limit is exceeded again.
In asynchronous mode this limit is only checked at the start of each archive-push run, so the queue can grow beyond it within a single run. Reduce archive-push-batch-size to check the queue more frequently.
The purpose of this feature is to prevent the log volume from filling up at which point PostgreSQL will stop completely. Better to lose the backup than have PostgreSQL go down.

    allowed: [0B, 4PiB]
    example: --archive-push-queue-max=1TiB

Deprecated Name: archive-queue-max
Archive Timeout Option (--archive-timeout)
Archive timeout.
Set maximum time, in seconds, to wait for each WAL segment to reach the pgBackRest archive repository. The timeout applies to the check and backup commands when waiting for WAL segments required for backup consistency to be archived.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1d]
    example: --archive-timeout=30

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Buffer Size Option (--buffer-size)
Buffer size for I/O operations.
Buffer size used for copy, compress, encrypt, and other operations. The number of buffers used depends on options and each operation may use additional memory, e.g. gz compression may use an additional 256KiB of memory.
Allowed values are 16KiB, 32KiB, 64KiB, 128KiB, 256KiB, 512KiB, 1MiB, 2MiB, 4MiB, 8MiB, and 16MiB.

    default: 1MiB
    example: --buffer-size=2MiB

pgBackRest Command Option (--cmd)
pgBackRest command.
pgBackRest may generate a command string, e.g. when the restore command generates the restore_command setting. The command used to run the pgBackRest process will be used in this case unless the cmd option is provided.
CAUTION:
Wrapping the pgBackRest command may cause unpredictable behavior and is not recommended.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --cmd=/var/lib/pgsql/bin/pgbackrest_wrapper.sh

SSH Client Command Option (--cmd-ssh)
SSH client command.
Use a specific SSH client command when an alternate is desired or the ssh command is not in $PATH.

    default: ssh
    example: --cmd-ssh=/usr/bin/ssh

Compress Option (--compress)
Use file compression.
Backup files are compatible with command-line compression tools.
This option is now deprecated. The compress-type option should be used instead.

    default: y
    example: --no-compress

Compress Level Option (--compress-level)
File compression level.
Sets the level to be used for file compression when compress-type does not equal none or compress=y (deprecated).

    default (depending on compress-type):
        bz2 - 9
        gz - 6
        lz4 - 1
        zst - 3

    allow range (depending on compress-type):
        bz2 - [1, 9]
        gz - [-1, 9]
        lz4 - [-5, 12]
        zst - [-7, 22]

    example: --compress-level=9

Network Compress Level Option (--compress-level-network)
Network compression level.
Sets the network compression level when compress-type=none and the command is not run on the same host as the repository. Compression is used to reduce network traffic. When compress-type does not equal none the compress-level-network setting is ignored and compress-level is used instead so that the file is only compressed once.

    default: 1
    allowed: [-5, 12]
    example: --compress-level-network=1

Compress Type Option (--compress-type)
File compression type.
The following compression types are supported:

- none - no compression
- bz2 - bzip2 compression format
- gz - gzip compression format
- lz4 - lz4 compression format (not available on all platforms)
- zst - Zstandard compression format (not available on all platforms)

    default: gz
    example: --compress-type=none

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

I/O Timeout Option (--io-timeout)
I/O timeout.
Timeout, in seconds, used for connections and read/write operations.
Note that the entire read/write operation does not need to complete within this timeout but some progress must be made, even if it is only a single byte.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1h]
    example: --io-timeout=120

Lock Path Option (--lock-path)
Path where lock files are stored.
The lock path provides a location for pgBackRest to create lock files to prevent conflicting operations from being run concurrently.

    default: /tmp/pgbackrest
    example: --lock-path=/backup/db/lock

Neutral Umask Option (--neutral-umask)
Use a neutral umask.
Sets the umask to 0000 so modes in the repository are created in a sensible way. The default directory mode is 0750 and default file mode is 0640.
To use the executing user's umask instead specify neutral-umask=n in the config file or --no-neutral-umask on the command line.

    default: y
    example: --no-neutral-umask

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Process Maximum Option (--process-max)
Max processes to use for compress/transfer.
Each process will perform compression and transfer to make the command run faster, but don't set process-max so high that it impacts database performance.

    default: 1
    allowed: [1, 999]
    example: --process-max=4

Protocol Timeout Option (--protocol-timeout)
Protocol timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, that the local or remote process will wait for a new message to be received on the protocol layer. This prevents processes from waiting indefinitely for a message.
NOTE:
The protocol-timeout option must be greater than the db-timeout option.

    default: 31m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --protocol-timeout=630

Keep Alive Option (--sck-keep-alive)
Keep-alive enable.
Enables keep-alive messages on socket connections.

    default: y
    example: --no-sck-keep-alive

Spool Path Option (--spool-path)
Path where transient data is stored.
This path is used to store data for the asynchronous archive-push and archive-get command.
The asynchronous archive-push command writes acknowledgements into the spool path when it has successfully stored WAL in the archive (and errors on failure) so the foreground process can quickly notify PostgreSQL. Acknowledgement files are very small (zero on success and a few hundred bytes on error).
The asynchronous archive-get command queues WAL in the spool path so it can be provided very quickly when PostgreSQL requests it. Moving files to PostgreSQL is most efficient when the spool path is on the same filesystem as pg_xlog/pg_wal. However, it is not recommended to place the spool path within the pg_xlog/pg_wal directory as this may cause issues for PostgreSQL utilities such as pg_rewind.
The data stored in the spool path is not strictly temporary since it can and should survive a reboot. However, loss of the data in the spool path is not a problem. pgBackRest will simply recheck each WAL segment to ensure it is safely archived for archive-push and rebuild the queue for archive-get.
The spool path is intended to be located on a local Posix-compatible filesystem, not a remote filesystem such as NFS or CIFS.

    default: /var/spool/pgbackrest
    example: --spool-path=/backup/db/spool

Stanza Option (--stanza)
Defines the stanza.
A stanza is the configuration for a PostgreSQL database cluster that defines where it is located, how it will be backed up, archiving options, etc. Most db servers will only have one PostgreSQL database cluster and therefore one stanza, whereas backup servers will have a stanza for every database cluster that needs to be backed up.
It is tempting to name the stanza after the primary cluster but a better name describes the databases contained in the cluster. Because the stanza name will be used for the primary and all replicas it is more appropriate to choose a name that describes the actual function of the cluster, such as app or dw, rather than the local cluster name, such as main or prod.

    example: --stanza=main

Keep Alive Count Option (--tcp-keep-alive-count)
Keep-alive count.
Specifies the number of TCP keep-alive messages that can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.

    allowed: [1, 32]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-count=3

Keep Alive Idle Option (--tcp-keep-alive-idle)
Keep-alive idle time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) with no network activity after which the operating system should send a TCP keep-alive message.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option.

    allowed: [1, 3600]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-idle=60

Keep Alive Interval Option (--tcp-keep-alive-interval)
Keep-alive interval time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) after which a TCP keep-alive message that has not been acknowledged should be retransmitted.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.

    allowed: [1, 900]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-interval=30

TLSv1.2 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-12)
Allowed TLSv1.2 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. The example is reasonable choice unless you have specific security requirements. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-12=HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL

TLSv1.3 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-13)
Allowed TLSv1.3 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-13=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Subprocesses Option (--log-subprocess)
Enable logging in subprocesses.
Enable file logging for any subprocesses created by this process using the log level specified by log-level-file.

    default: n
    example: --log-subprocess

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Maintainer Options
Check WAL Headers Option (--archive-header-check)
Check PostgreSQL version/id in WAL headers.
Enabled by default, this option checks the WAL header against the PostgreSQL version and system identifier to ensure that the WAL is being copied to the correct stanza. This is in addition to checking pg_control against the stanza and verifying that WAL is being copied from the same PostgreSQL data directory where pg_control is located.
Therefore, disabling this check is fairly safe but should only be done when needed, e.g. if the WAL is encrypted.

    default: y
    example: --no-archive-header-check

Force PostgreSQL Version Option (--pg-version-force)
Force PostgreSQL version.
The specified PostgreSQL version will be used instead of the version automatically detected by reading pg_control or WAL headers. This is mainly useful for PostgreSQL forks or development versions where those values are different from the release version. The version reported by PostgreSQL via `server_version_num` must match the forced version.
WARNING:
Be cautious when using this option because pg_control and WAL headers will still be read with the expected format for the specified version, i.e. the format from the official open-source version of PostgreSQL. If the fork or development version changes the format of the fields that pgBackRest depends on it will lead to unexpected behavior. In general, this option will only work as expected if the fork adds all custom struct members after the standard PostgreSQL members.

    example: --pg-version-force=15

Repository Options
Azure Repository Container Option (--repo-azure-container)
Azure repository container.
Azure container used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the container root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other Azure-generated content can also be stored in the container.

    example: --repo1-azure-container=pg-backup

Azure Repository Key Type Option (--repo-azure-key-type)
Azure repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- shared - Shared key
- sas - Shared access signature
- auto - Automatically authorize using Azure managed identities

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-azure-key-type=sas

Azure Repository URI Style Option (--repo-azure-uri-style)
Azure URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to account.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend account to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-azure-uri-style=path

Repository Cipher Type Option (--repo-cipher-type)
Cipher used to encrypt the repository.
The following cipher types are supported:

- none - The repository is not encrypted
- aes-256-cbc - Advanced Encryption Standard with 256 bit key length

Note that encryption is always performed client-side even if the repository type (e.g. S3) supports encryption.

    default: none
    example: --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

GCS Repository Bucket Option (--repo-gcs-bucket)
GCS repository bucket.
GCS bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other GCS-generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-gcs-bucket=/pg-backup

GCS Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-gcs-endpoint)
GCS repository endpoint.
Endpoint used to connect to the storage service. May be updated to use a local GCS server or alternate endpoint.

    default: storage.googleapis.com
    example: --repo1-gcs-endpoint=localhost

GCS Repository Key Type Option (--repo-gcs-key-type)
GCS repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- auto - Authorize using the instance service account.
- service - Service account from locally stored key.
- token - For local testing, e.g. fakegcs.

When repo-gcs-key-type=service the credentials will be reloaded when the authentication token is renewed.

    default: service
    example: --repo1-gcs-key-type=auto

GCS Repository Project ID Option (--repo-gcs-user-project)
GCS project ID.
GCS project ID used to determine request billing.

    example: --repo1-gcs-user-project=my-project

Repository Host Option (--repo-host)
Repository host when operating remotely.
When backing up and archiving to a locally mounted filesystem this setting is not required.

    example: --repo1-host=repo1.domain.com

Deprecated Name: backup-host
Repository Host Certificate Authority File Option (--repo-host-ca-file)
Repository host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Repository Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--repo-host-ca-path)
Repository host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Repository Host Certificate File Option (--repo-host-cert-file)
Repository host certificate file.
Sent to repository host to prove client identity.

    example: --repo1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

Repository Host Command Option (--repo-host-cmd)
Repository host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and repository hosts. If not defined, the repository host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --repo1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: backup-cmd
Repository Host Configuration Option (--repo-host-config)
pgBackRest repository host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --repo1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: backup-config
Repository Host Configuration Include Path Option (--repo-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Repository Host Configuration Path Option (--repo-host-config-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Repository Host Key File Option (--repo-host-key-file)
Repository host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --repo1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

Repository Host Port Option (--repo-host-port)
Repository host port when repo-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the repository host protocol.
NOTE:
When repo-host-type=ssh there is no default for repo-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on repo-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --repo1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: backup-ssh-port
Repository Host Protocol Type Option (--repo-host-type)
Repository host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --repo1-host-type=tls

Repository Host User Option (--repo-host-user)
Repository host user when repo-host is set.
Defines the user that will be used for operations on the repository host. Preferably this is not the postgres user but rather some other user like pgbackrest. If PostgreSQL runs on the repository host the postgres user can be placed in the pgbackrest group so it has read permissions on the repository without being able to damage the contents accidentally.

    default: pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-host-user=repo-user

Deprecated Name: backup-user
Repository Path Option (--repo-path)
Path where backups and archive are stored.
The repository is where pgBackRest stores backups and archives WAL segments.
It may be difficult to estimate in advance how much space you'll need. The best thing to do is take some backups then record the size of different types of backups (full/incr/diff) and measure the amount of WAL generated per day. This will give you a general idea of how much space you'll need, though of course requirements will likely change over time as your database evolves.

    default: /var/lib/pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-path=/backup/db/backrest

S3 Repository Bucket Option (--repo-s3-bucket)
S3 repository bucket.
S3 bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other AWS generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-s3-bucket=pg-backup

S3 Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-endpoint)
S3 repository endpoint.
The AWS endpoint should be valid for the selected region.
For custom/test configurations the repo-storage-ca-file, repo-storage-ca-path, repo-storage-host, repo-storage-port, and repo-storage-verify-tls options may be useful.

    example: --repo1-s3-endpoint=s3.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository Key Type Option (--repo-s3-key-type)
S3 repository key type.
The following types are supported:

- shared - Shared keys
- auto - Automatically retrieve temporary credentials
- web-id - Automatically retrieve web identity credentials
- pod-id - Automatically retrieve EKS pod identity credentials
- process - Retrieve credentials by executing a process

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-s3-key-type=auto

S3 Repository KMS Key ID Option (--repo-s3-kms-key-id)
S3 repository KMS key.
Enables S3 server-side encryption using the specified AWS key management service key.

    example: --repo1-s3-kms-key-id=bceb4f13-6939-4be3-910d-df54dee817b7

S3 Authentication Process Command Option (--repo-s3-process-cmd)
S3 authentication process command.
Command (and optional arguments) to execute for retrieving temporary S3 credentials. The first list entry is the command and the remaining entries are passed as parameters.
The process must output JSON containing AccessKeyId, SecretAccessKey, SessionToken, and Expiration fields. Credentials will be automatically refreshed before the expiration time. See Process Credential Provider for format details.

    example: --repo1-s3-process-cmd=/usr/local/bin/get-credentials --repo1-s3-process-cmd=--role --repo1-s3-process-cmd=my-role

S3 Repository Region Option (--repo-s3-region)
S3 repository region.
The AWS region where the bucket was created.

    example: --repo1-s3-region=us-east-1

S3 Repository Requestor Pays Option (--repo-s3-requester-pays)
S3 repository requester pays.
Enables S3 requester pays.

    default: n
    example: --no-repo1-s3-requester-pays

S3 Repository Role Option (--repo-s3-role)
S3 repository role.
The AWS role name (not the full ARN) used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=auto.

    example: --repo1-s3-role=authrole

S3 Repository Service Option (--repo-s3-service)
S3 signing service.
The S3 signing service used in SigV4 authentication. Defaults to s3 for standard S3 endpoints. Set to s3-outposts when using an S3 Outposts endpoint.

    default: s3
    example: --repo1-s3-service=s3-outposts

S3 Repository STS Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-sts-host)
S3 repository STS endpoint.
The STS endpoint used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=web-id is configured. Set to a regional endpoint (e.g. sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com) to use regional STS, which may be required for GovCloud, China regions, or to reduce latency.

    default: sts.amazonaws.com
    example: --repo1-s3-sts-host=sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository URI Style Option (--repo-s3-uri-style)
S3 URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to bucket.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend bucket to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-s3-uri-style=path

SFTP Repository Host Option (--repo-sftp-host)
SFTP repository host.
The SFTP host containing the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host=sftprepo.domain

SFTP Repository Host Fingerprint Option (--repo-sftp-host-fingerprint)
SFTP repository host fingerprint.
SFTP repository host fingerprint generation should match the repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type. Generate the fingerprint via awk '{print $2}' ssh_host_xxx_key.pub | base64 -d | (md5sum or sha1sum) -b. The ssh host keys are normally found in the /etc/ssh directory.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-fingerprint=f84e172dfead7aeeeae6c1fdfb5aa8cf

SFTP Host Key Check Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-check-type)
SFTP host key check type.
The following SFTP host key check types are supported:

- strict - pgBackRest will never automatically add host keys to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and refuses to connect to hosts whose host key has changed or is not found in the known hosts files. This option forces the user to manually add all new hosts.
- accept-new - pgBackRest will automatically add new host keys to the user's known hosts file, but will not permit connections to hosts with changed host keys.
- fingerprint - pgBackRest will check the host key against the fingerprint specified by the repo-sftp-host-fingerprint option.
- none - no host key checking will be performed.

    default: strict
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-check-type=accept-new

SFTP Repository Host Key Hash Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type)
SFTP repository host key hash type.
SFTP repository host key hash type. Declares the hash type to be used to compute the digest of the remote system's host key on SSH startup. Newer versions of libssh2 support sha256 in addition to md5 and sha1.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha256

SFTP Repository Host Port Option (--repo-sftp-host-port)
SFTP repository host port.
SFTP repository host port.

    default: 22
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-port=22

SFTP Repository Host User Option (--repo-sftp-host-user)
SFTP repository host user.
User on the host used to store the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-user=pg-backup

SFTP Known Hosts File Option (--repo-sftp-known-host)
SFTP known hosts file.
A known hosts file to search for an SFTP host match during authentication. When unspecified, pgBackRest will default to searching ~/.ssh/known_hosts, ~/.ssh/known_hosts2, /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, and /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2. If configured with one or more file paths, pgBackRest will search those for a match. File paths must be full or leading tilde paths. The repo-sftp-known-host option can be passed multiple times to specify more than one known hosts file to search. To utilize known hosts file checking repo-sftp-host-fingerprint must not be specified. See also repo-sftp-host-check-type option.

    example: --repo1-sftp-known-host=/home/postgres/.ssh/known_hosts

SFTP Repository Private Key File Option (--repo-sftp-private-key-file)
SFTP private key file.
SFTP private key file used for authentication.

    example: --repo1-sftp-private-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519

SFTP Repository Public Key File Option (--repo-sftp-public-key-file)
SFTP public key file.
SFTP public key file used for authentication. Optional if compiled against OpenSSL, required if compiled against a different library.

    example: --repo1-sftp-public-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Repository Storage CA File Option (--repo-storage-ca-file)
Repository storage CA file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-file, repo-s3-ca-file
Repository Storage TLS CA Path Option (--repo-storage-ca-path)
Repository storage CA path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-path, repo-s3-ca-path
Repository Storage Host Option (--repo-storage-host)
Repository storage host.
Connect to a host other than the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint. This is typically used for testing.

    example: --repo1-storage-host=127.0.0.1

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-host, repo-s3-host
Repository Storage Port Option (--repo-storage-port)
Repository storage port.
Port to use when connecting to the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint (or host if specified).

    default: 443
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-storage-port=9000

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-port, repo-s3-port
Repository Storage Tag Option (--repo-storage-tag)
Repository storage tag(s).
Specify tags that will be added to objects when the repository is an object store (e.g. S3). The option can be repeated to add multiple tags.
There is no provision in pgBackRest to modify these tags so be sure to set them correctly before running stanza-create to ensure uniform tags across the entire repository.

    example: --repo1-storage-tag=key1=value1

Repository Storage Upload Chunk Size Option (--repo-storage-upload-chunk-size)
Repository storage upload chunk size.
Object stores such as S3 allow files to be uploaded in chunks when the file is too large to be stored in memory. Even if the file can be stored in memory, it is more memory efficient to limit the amount of memory used for uploads.
A larger chunk size will generally lead to better performance because it will minimize upload requests and allow more files to be uploaded in a single request rather than in chunks. The disadvantage is that memory usage will be higher and because the chunk buffer must be allocated per process, larger process-max values will lead to more memory being consumed overall.
Note that valid chunk sizes vary by storage type and by platform. For example, AWS S3 has a minimum chunk size of 5MiB. Terminology for chunk size varies by storage type, so when searching min/max values use part size for AWS S3, chunk size for GCS, and block size for Azure.
If a file is larger than 1GiB (the maximum size PostgreSQL will create by default) then the chunk size will be increased incrementally up to the maximum allowed in order to complete the file upload.

    default (depending on repo-type):
        azure - 4MiB
        gcs - 4MiB
        s3 - 5MiB

    allow range (depending on repo-type):
        azure - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        gcs - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        s3 - [5MiB, 1GiB]

    example: --repo1-storage-upload-chunk-size=16MiB

Repository Storage Certificate Verify Option (--repo-storage-verify-tls)
Repository storage certificate verify.
This option provides the ability to enable/disable verification of the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) server TLS certificate. Disabling should only be used for testing or other scenarios where a certificate has been self-signed.

    default: y
    example: --no-repo1-storage-verify-tls

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-verify-tls, repo-s3-verify-ssl, repo-s3-verify-tls
Repository Type Option (--repo-type)
Type of storage used for the repository.
The following repository types are supported:

- azure - Azure Blob Storage Service
- cifs - Like posix, but disables links and directory fsyncs
- gcs - Google Cloud Storage
- posix - Posix-compliant file systems
- s3 - AWS Simple Storage Service
- sftp - Secure File Transfer Protocol

When an NFS mount is used as a posix repository, the same rules apply to pgBackRest as described in the PostgreSQL documentation: Creating a Database Cluster - File Systems.

    default: posix
    example: --repo1-type=cifs

Stanza Options
PostgreSQL Path Option (--pg-path)
PostgreSQL data directory.
This should be the same as the data_directory reported by PostgreSQL. Even though this value can be read from various places, it is prudent to set it in case those resources are not available during a restore or offline backup scenario.
The pg-path option is tested against the value reported by PostgreSQL on every online backup so it should always be current.

    example: --pg1-path=/data/db

Deprecated Name: db-path
Backup Command (backup)
When multiple repositories are configured, pgBackRest will backup to the highest priority repository (e.g. repo1) unless the --repo option is specified.
pgBackRest does not have a built-in scheduler so it's best to run it from cron or some other scheduling mechanism.
See Perform a Backup for more details and examples.
Command Options
Backup Annotation Option (--annotation)
Annotate backup with user-defined key/value pairs.
Users can attach informative key/value pairs to the backup. This option may be used multiple times to attach multiple annotations.
Annotations are output by the info command text output when a backup is specified with --set and always appear in the JSON output.

    example: --annotation=source="Sunday backup for website database"

Check Archive Option (--archive-check)
Check that WAL segments are in the archive before backup completes.
Checks that all WAL segments required to make the backup consistent are present in the WAL archive. It's a good idea to leave this as the default unless you are using another method for archiving.
This option must be enabled if archive-copy is enabled.

    default: y
    example: --no-archive-check

Copy Archive Option (--archive-copy)
Copy WAL segments needed for consistency to the backup.
This slightly paranoid option protects against corruption in the WAL segment archive by storing the WAL segments required for consistency directly in the backup. WAL segments are still stored in the archive so this option will use additional space.
It is best if the archive-push and backup commands have the same compress-type (e.g. lz4) when using this option. Otherwise, the WAL segments will need to be recompressed with the compress-type used by the backup, which can be fairly expensive depending on how much WAL was generated during the backup.
On restore, the WAL segments will be present in pg_xlog/pg_wal and PostgreSQL will use them in preference to calling the restore_command.
The archive-check option must be enabled if archive-copy is enabled.

    default: n
    example: --archive-copy

Check Archive Mode Option (--archive-mode-check)
Check the PostgreSQL archive_mode setting.
Enabled by default, this option disallows PostgreSQL archive_mode=always.
WAL segments pushed from a standby server might be logically the same as WAL segments pushed from the primary but have different checksums. Disabling archiving from multiple sources is recommended to avoid conflicts.
CAUTION:
If this option is disabled then it is critical to ensure that only one archiver is writing to the repository via the archive-push command.

    default: y
    example: --no-archive-mode-check

Archive Timeout Option (--archive-timeout)
Archive timeout.
Set maximum time, in seconds, to wait for each WAL segment to reach the pgBackRest archive repository. The timeout applies to the check and backup commands when waiting for WAL segments required for backup consistency to be archived.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1d]
    example: --archive-timeout=30

Backup from Standby Option (--backup-standby)
Backup from the standby cluster.
Enable backup from standby to reduce load on the primary cluster. This option requires that both the primary and standby hosts be configured.
The following modes are supported:

- y - Standby is required for backup.
- prefer - Backup from standby if available otherwise backup from primary.
- n - Backup from primary only.

    default: n
    example: --backup-standby=y

Page Checksums Option (--checksum-page)
Validate data page checksums.
Directs pgBackRest to validate all data page checksums while backing up a cluster. This option is automatically enabled when data page checksums are enabled on the cluster.
Failures in checksum validation will not abort a backup. Rather, warnings will be emitted in the log (and to the console with default settings) and the list of invalid pages will be stored in the backup manifest.

    example: --no-checksum-page

Path/File Exclusions Option (--exclude)
Exclude paths/files from the backup.
All exclusions are relative to $PGDATA. If the exclusion ends with / then only files in the specified directory will be excluded, e.g. --exclude=junk/ will exclude all files in the $PGDATA/junk directory but include the directory itself. If the exclusion does not end with / then the file may match the exclusion exactly or match with / appended to the exclusion, e.g. --exclude=junk will exclude the $PGDATA/junk directory and all the files it contains.
Be careful using this feature -- it is very easy to exclude something critical that will make the backup inconsistent. Be sure to test your restores!
All excluded files will be logged at info level along with the exclusion rule. Be sure to audit the list of excluded files to ensure nothing unexpected is being excluded.
NOTE:
Exclusions are not honored on delta restores. Any files/directories that were excluded by the backup will be removed on delta restore.
This option should not be used to exclude PostgreSQL logs from a backup. Logs can be moved out of the PGDATA directory using the PostgreSQL log_directory setting, which has the benefit of allowing logs to be preserved after a restore.
Multiple exclusions may be specified on the command-line or in a configuration file.

    example: --exclude=junk/

Expire Auto Option (--expire-auto)
Automatically run the expire command after a successful backup.
The setting is enabled by default. Use caution when disabling this option as doing so will result in retaining all backups and archives indefinitely, which could cause your repository to run out of space. The expire command will need to be run regularly to prevent this from happening.
When expire is run automatically after a successful backup it uses the configuration of the backup command, so options set only in an expire command section (e.g. [global:expire]) are not applied. To apply expire-specific configuration, disable this option and run the expire command separately.

    default: y
    example: --expire-auto

Force Option (--force)
Force an offline backup.
When used with --no-start-stop a backup will be run even if pgBackRest thinks that PostgreSQL is running. This option should be used with extreme care as it will likely result in a bad backup.
There are some scenarios where a backup might still be desirable under these conditions. For example, if a server crashes and the database cluster volume can only be mounted read-only, it would be a good idea to take a backup even if postmaster.pid is present. In this case it would be better to revert to the prior backup and replay WAL, but possibly there is a very important transaction in a WAL segment that did not get archived.

    default: n
    example: --force

Manifest Save Threshold Option (--manifest-save-threshold)
Manifest save threshold during backup.
Defines how often the manifest will be saved during a backup. Saving the manifest is important because it stores the checksums and allows the resume function to work efficiently. The actual threshold used is 1% of the backup size or manifest-save-threshold, whichever is greater.

    default: 1GiB
    allowed: [1B, 1TiB]
    example: --manifest-save-threshold=8GiB

Online Option (--online)
Perform an online backup.
Specifying --no-online prevents pgBackRest from running the backup start/stop functions on the database cluster. In order for this to work PostgreSQL should be shut down and pgBackRest will generate an error if it is not.
The purpose of this option is to allow offline backups. The pg_xlog/pg_wal directory is copied as-is and archive-check is automatically disabled for the backup.

    default: y
    example: --no-online

Resume Option (--resume)
Allow resume of failed backup.
Defines whether the resume feature is enabled. Resume can greatly reduce the amount of time required to run a backup after a previous backup of the same type has failed. It adds complexity, however, so it may be desirable to disable in environments that do not require the feature.

    default: y
    example: --no-resume

Start Fast Option (--start-fast)
Force a checkpoint to start backup quickly.
Forces a checkpoint (by passing y to the fast parameter of the backup start function) so the backup begins immediately. Otherwise the backup will start after the next regular checkpoint.

    default: n
    example: --start-fast

Type Option (--type)
Backup type.
The following backup types are supported:

- full - all database cluster files will be copied and there will be no dependencies on previous backups.
- incr - incremental from the last successful backup.
- diff - like an incremental backup but always based on the last full backup.

    default: incr
    example: --type=full

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Buffer Size Option (--buffer-size)
Buffer size for I/O operations.
Buffer size used for copy, compress, encrypt, and other operations. The number of buffers used depends on options and each operation may use additional memory, e.g. gz compression may use an additional 256KiB of memory.
Allowed values are 16KiB, 32KiB, 64KiB, 128KiB, 256KiB, 512KiB, 1MiB, 2MiB, 4MiB, 8MiB, and 16MiB.

    default: 1MiB
    example: --buffer-size=2MiB

pgBackRest Command Option (--cmd)
pgBackRest command.
pgBackRest may generate a command string, e.g. when the restore command generates the restore_command setting. The command used to run the pgBackRest process will be used in this case unless the cmd option is provided.
CAUTION:
Wrapping the pgBackRest command may cause unpredictable behavior and is not recommended.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --cmd=/var/lib/pgsql/bin/pgbackrest_wrapper.sh

SSH Client Command Option (--cmd-ssh)
SSH client command.
Use a specific SSH client command when an alternate is desired or the ssh command is not in $PATH.

    default: ssh
    example: --cmd-ssh=/usr/bin/ssh

Compress Option (--compress)
Use file compression.
Backup files are compatible with command-line compression tools.
This option is now deprecated. The compress-type option should be used instead.

    default: y
    example: --no-compress

Compress Level Option (--compress-level)
File compression level.
Sets the level to be used for file compression when compress-type does not equal none or compress=y (deprecated).

    default (depending on compress-type):
        bz2 - 9
        gz - 6
        lz4 - 1
        zst - 3

    allow range (depending on compress-type):
        bz2 - [1, 9]
        gz - [-1, 9]
        lz4 - [-5, 12]
        zst - [-7, 22]

    example: --compress-level=9

Network Compress Level Option (--compress-level-network)
Network compression level.
Sets the network compression level when compress-type=none and the command is not run on the same host as the repository. Compression is used to reduce network traffic. When compress-type does not equal none the compress-level-network setting is ignored and compress-level is used instead so that the file is only compressed once.

    default: 1
    allowed: [-5, 12]
    example: --compress-level-network=1

Compress Type Option (--compress-type)
File compression type.
The following compression types are supported:

- none - no compression
- bz2 - bzip2 compression format
- gz - gzip compression format
- lz4 - lz4 compression format (not available on all platforms)
- zst - Zstandard compression format (not available on all platforms)

    default: gz
    example: --compress-type=none

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Database Timeout Option (--db-timeout)
Database query timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, for queries against the database. This includes the backup start/stop functions which can each take a substantial amount of time. Because of this the timeout should be kept high unless you know that these functions will return quickly (i.e. if you have set start-fast=y and you know that the database cluster will not generate many WAL segments during the backup).
NOTE:
The db-timeout option must be less than the protocol-timeout option.

    default: 30m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --db-timeout=600

Delta Option (--delta)
Restore or backup using checksums.
During a restore, by default the PostgreSQL data and tablespace directories are expected to be present but empty. This option performs a delta restore using checksums.
During a backup, this option will use checksums instead of the timestamps to determine if files will be copied.

    default: n
    example: --delta

I/O Timeout Option (--io-timeout)
I/O timeout.
Timeout, in seconds, used for connections and read/write operations.
Note that the entire read/write operation does not need to complete within this timeout but some progress must be made, even if it is only a single byte.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1h]
    example: --io-timeout=120

Lock Path Option (--lock-path)
Path where lock files are stored.
The lock path provides a location for pgBackRest to create lock files to prevent conflicting operations from being run concurrently.

    default: /tmp/pgbackrest
    example: --lock-path=/backup/db/lock

Neutral Umask Option (--neutral-umask)
Use a neutral umask.
Sets the umask to 0000 so modes in the repository are created in a sensible way. The default directory mode is 0750 and default file mode is 0640.
To use the executing user's umask instead specify neutral-umask=n in the config file or --no-neutral-umask on the command line.

    default: y
    example: --no-neutral-umask

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Process Maximum Option (--process-max)
Max processes to use for compress/transfer.
Each process will perform compression and transfer to make the command run faster, but don't set process-max so high that it impacts database performance.

    default: 1
    allowed: [1, 999]
    example: --process-max=4

Protocol Timeout Option (--protocol-timeout)
Protocol timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, that the local or remote process will wait for a new message to be received on the protocol layer. This prevents processes from waiting indefinitely for a message.
NOTE:
The protocol-timeout option must be greater than the db-timeout option.

    default: 31m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --protocol-timeout=630

Keep Alive Option (--sck-keep-alive)
Keep-alive enable.
Enables keep-alive messages on socket connections.

    default: y
    example: --no-sck-keep-alive

Stanza Option (--stanza)
Defines the stanza.
A stanza is the configuration for a PostgreSQL database cluster that defines where it is located, how it will be backed up, archiving options, etc. Most db servers will only have one PostgreSQL database cluster and therefore one stanza, whereas backup servers will have a stanza for every database cluster that needs to be backed up.
It is tempting to name the stanza after the primary cluster but a better name describes the databases contained in the cluster. Because the stanza name will be used for the primary and all replicas it is more appropriate to choose a name that describes the actual function of the cluster, such as app or dw, rather than the local cluster name, such as main or prod.

    example: --stanza=main

Keep Alive Count Option (--tcp-keep-alive-count)
Keep-alive count.
Specifies the number of TCP keep-alive messages that can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.

    allowed: [1, 32]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-count=3

Keep Alive Idle Option (--tcp-keep-alive-idle)
Keep-alive idle time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) with no network activity after which the operating system should send a TCP keep-alive message.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option.

    allowed: [1, 3600]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-idle=60

Keep Alive Interval Option (--tcp-keep-alive-interval)
Keep-alive interval time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) after which a TCP keep-alive message that has not been acknowledged should be retransmitted.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.

    allowed: [1, 900]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-interval=30

TLSv1.2 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-12)
Allowed TLSv1.2 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. The example is reasonable choice unless you have specific security requirements. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-12=HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL

TLSv1.3 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-13)
Allowed TLSv1.3 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-13=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Subprocesses Option (--log-subprocess)
Enable logging in subprocesses.
Enable file logging for any subprocesses created by this process using the log level specified by log-level-file.

    default: n
    example: --log-subprocess

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Maintainer Options
Page Header Check Option (--page-header-check)
Check PostgreSQL page headers.
Enabled by default, this option adds page header checks.
Disabling this option should be avoided except when necessary, e.g. if pages are encrypted.

    default: y
    example: --no-page-header-check

Force PostgreSQL Version Option (--pg-version-force)
Force PostgreSQL version.
The specified PostgreSQL version will be used instead of the version automatically detected by reading pg_control or WAL headers. This is mainly useful for PostgreSQL forks or development versions where those values are different from the release version. The version reported by PostgreSQL via `server_version_num` must match the forced version.
WARNING:
Be cautious when using this option because pg_control and WAL headers will still be read with the expected format for the specified version, i.e. the format from the official open-source version of PostgreSQL. If the fork or development version changes the format of the fields that pgBackRest depends on it will lead to unexpected behavior. In general, this option will only work as expected if the fork adds all custom struct members after the standard PostgreSQL members.

    example: --pg-version-force=15

Repository Options
Set Repository Option (--repo)
Set repository.
Set the repository for a command to operate on.
For example, this option may be used to perform a restore from a specific repository, rather than letting pgBackRest choose.

    allowed: [1, 256]
    example: --repo=1

Azure Repository Container Option (--repo-azure-container)
Azure repository container.
Azure container used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the container root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other Azure-generated content can also be stored in the container.

    example: --repo1-azure-container=pg-backup

Azure Repository Key Type Option (--repo-azure-key-type)
Azure repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- shared - Shared key
- sas - Shared access signature
- auto - Automatically authorize using Azure managed identities

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-azure-key-type=sas

Azure Repository URI Style Option (--repo-azure-uri-style)
Azure URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to account.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend account to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-azure-uri-style=path

Block Incremental Backup Option (--repo-block)
Enable block incremental backup.
Block incremental allows for more granular backups by splitting files into blocks that can be backed up independently. This saves space in the repository and can improve delta restore performance because individual blocks can be fetched without reading the entire file from the repository.
NOTE:
The repo-bundle option must be enabled before repo-block can be enabled.
The block size for a file is determined based on the file size and age. Generally, older/larger files will get larger block sizes. If a file is old enough, it will not be backed up using block incremental.
Block incremental is most efficient when enabled for all backup types, including full. This makes the full a bit larger but subsequent differential and incremental backups can make use of the block maps generated by the full backup to save space.

    default: n
    example: --repo1-block

Repository Bundles Option (--repo-bundle)
Bundle files in repository.
Bundle (combine) smaller files to reduce the total number of files written to the repository. Writing fewer files is generally more efficient, especially on object stores such as S3. In addition, zero-length files are not stored (except in the manifest), which saves time and space.

    default: n
    example: --repo1-bundle

Repository Bundle Limit Option (--repo-bundle-limit)
Limit for file bundles.
Size limit for files that will be included in bundles. Files larger than this size will be stored separately.
Bundled files cannot be reused when a backup is resumed, so this option controls the files that can be resumed, i.e. higher values result in fewer resumable files.

    default: 2MiB
    allowed: [8KiB, 1PiB]
    example: --repo1-bundle-limit=10MiB

Repository Bundle Size Option (--repo-bundle-size)
Target size for file bundles.
Defines the target size for files that will be added to a single bundle. The uncompressed bundle size may be as large as repo-bundle-size + repo-bundle-limit, so do not set this option to the maximum size that your file system allows.
In general, it is not a good idea to set this option too high because retries will need to redo the entire bundle.

    default: 20MiB
    allowed: [1MiB, 1PiB]
    example: --repo1-bundle-size=10MiB

Repository Cipher Type Option (--repo-cipher-type)
Cipher used to encrypt the repository.
The following cipher types are supported:

- none - The repository is not encrypted
- aes-256-cbc - Advanced Encryption Standard with 256 bit key length

Note that encryption is always performed client-side even if the repository type (e.g. S3) supports encryption.

    default: none
    example: --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

GCS Repository Bucket Option (--repo-gcs-bucket)
GCS repository bucket.
GCS bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other GCS-generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-gcs-bucket=/pg-backup

GCS Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-gcs-endpoint)
GCS repository endpoint.
Endpoint used to connect to the storage service. May be updated to use a local GCS server or alternate endpoint.

    default: storage.googleapis.com
    example: --repo1-gcs-endpoint=localhost

GCS Repository Key Type Option (--repo-gcs-key-type)
GCS repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- auto - Authorize using the instance service account.
- service - Service account from locally stored key.
- token - For local testing, e.g. fakegcs.

When repo-gcs-key-type=service the credentials will be reloaded when the authentication token is renewed.

    default: service
    example: --repo1-gcs-key-type=auto

GCS Repository Project ID Option (--repo-gcs-user-project)
GCS project ID.
GCS project ID used to determine request billing.

    example: --repo1-gcs-user-project=my-project

Repository Hardlink Option (--repo-hardlink)
Hardlink files between backups in the repository.
Enable hard-linking of files in differential and incremental backups to their full backups. This gives the appearance that each backup is a full backup at the file-system level. Be careful, though, because modifying files that are hard-linked can affect all the backups in the set.

    default: n
    example: --repo1-hardlink

Deprecated Name: hardlink
Repository Host Option (--repo-host)
Repository host when operating remotely.
When backing up and archiving to a locally mounted filesystem this setting is not required.

    example: --repo1-host=repo1.domain.com

Deprecated Name: backup-host
Repository Host Certificate Authority File Option (--repo-host-ca-file)
Repository host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Repository Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--repo-host-ca-path)
Repository host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Repository Host Certificate File Option (--repo-host-cert-file)
Repository host certificate file.
Sent to repository host to prove client identity.

    example: --repo1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

Repository Host Command Option (--repo-host-cmd)
Repository host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and repository hosts. If not defined, the repository host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --repo1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: backup-cmd
Repository Host Configuration Option (--repo-host-config)
pgBackRest repository host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --repo1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: backup-config
Repository Host Configuration Include Path Option (--repo-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Repository Host Configuration Path Option (--repo-host-config-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Repository Host Key File Option (--repo-host-key-file)
Repository host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --repo1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

Repository Host Port Option (--repo-host-port)
Repository host port when repo-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the repository host protocol.
NOTE:
When repo-host-type=ssh there is no default for repo-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on repo-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --repo1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: backup-ssh-port
Repository Host Protocol Type Option (--repo-host-type)
Repository host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --repo1-host-type=tls

Repository Host User Option (--repo-host-user)
Repository host user when repo-host is set.
Defines the user that will be used for operations on the repository host. Preferably this is not the postgres user but rather some other user like pgbackrest. If PostgreSQL runs on the repository host the postgres user can be placed in the pgbackrest group so it has read permissions on the repository without being able to damage the contents accidentally.

    default: pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-host-user=repo-user

Deprecated Name: backup-user
Repository Path Option (--repo-path)
Path where backups and archive are stored.
The repository is where pgBackRest stores backups and archives WAL segments.
It may be difficult to estimate in advance how much space you'll need. The best thing to do is take some backups then record the size of different types of backups (full/incr/diff) and measure the amount of WAL generated per day. This will give you a general idea of how much space you'll need, though of course requirements will likely change over time as your database evolves.

    default: /var/lib/pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-path=/backup/db/backrest

Archive Retention Option (--repo-retention-archive)
Number of backups worth of continuous WAL to retain.
NOTE:
WAL segments required to make a backup consistent are always retained until the backup is expired regardless of how this option is configured.
If this value is not set and repo-retention-full-type is count (default), then the archive to expire will default to the repo-retention-full (or repo-retention-diff) value corresponding to the repo-retention-archive-type if set to full (or diff). This will ensure that WAL is only expired for backups that are already expired. If repo-retention-full-type is time, then this value will default to removing archives that are earlier than the oldest full backup retained after satisfying the repo-retention-full setting.
This option must be set if repo-retention-archive-type is set to incr. If disk space is at a premium, then this setting, in conjunction with repo-retention-archive-type, can be used to aggressively expire WAL segments. However, doing so negates the ability to perform PITR from the backups with expired WAL and is therefore not recommended.

    allowed: [1, 9999999]
    example: --repo1-retention-archive=2

Deprecated Name: retention-archive
Archive Retention Type Option (--repo-retention-archive-type)
Backup type for WAL retention.
If set to full pgBackRest will keep archive logs for the number of full backups defined by repo-retention-archive. If set to diff (differential) pgBackRest will keep archive logs for the number of full and differential backups defined by repo-retention-archive, meaning if the last backup taken was a full backup, it will be counted as a differential for the purpose of repo-retention. If set to incr (incremental) pgBackRest will keep archive logs for the number of full, differential, and incremental backups defined by repo-retention-archive. It is recommended that this setting not be changed from the default which will only expire WAL in conjunction with expiring full backups.

    default: full
    example: --repo1-retention-archive-type=diff

Deprecated Name: retention-archive-type
Differential Retention Option (--repo-retention-diff)
Number of differential backups to retain.
When a differential backup expires, all incremental backups associated with the differential backup will also expire. When not defined all differential backups will be kept until the full backups they depend on expire.
Note that full backups are included in the count of differential backups for the purpose of expiration. This slightly reduces the number of differential backups that need to be retained in most cases.

    allowed: [1, 9999999]
    example: --repo1-retention-diff=3

Deprecated Name: retention-diff
Full Retention Option (--repo-retention-full)
Full backup retention count/time.
When a full backup expires, all differential and incremental backups associated with the full backup will also expire. When the option is not defined a warning will be issued. If indefinite retention is desired then set the option to the max value.

    allowed: [1, 9999999]
    example: --repo1-retention-full=2

Deprecated Name: retention-full
Full Retention Type Option (--repo-retention-full-type)
Retention type for full backups.
Determines whether the repo-retention-full setting represents a time period (days) or count of full backups to keep.
If set to time then full backups older than repo-retention-full will be removed from the repository if there is at least one other backup that is equal to or greater than the repo-retention-full setting. For example, if repo-retention-full is 30 (days) and there are 2 full backups: one 25 days old and one 35 days old, no full backups will be expired because expiring the 35 day old backup would leave only the 25 day old backup, which would violate the 30 day retention policy of having at least one backup 30 days old before an older one can be expired. Archived WAL older than the oldest full backup remaining will be automatically expired unless repo-retention-archive-type and repo-retention-archive are explicitly set.
If set to count then full backups that exceed repo-retention-full will be expired. For example, if repo-retention-full is 4 and a fifth full backup is completed, then the oldest full backup will be expired to keep the count at 4.
Note that a backup must be successfully completed before it will be considered for retention. For example, if repo-retention-full-type is count and repo-retention-full is 2, then there must be 3 complete full backups before the oldest will be expired.

    default: count
    example: --repo1-retention-full-type=time

Backup History Retention Option (--repo-retention-history)
Days of backup history manifests to retain.
A copy of the backup manifest is stored in the backup.history path when a backup completes. By default these files are never expired since they are useful for data mining, e.g. measuring backup and WAL growth over time.
Set repo-retention-history to define the number of days of backup history manifests to retain. Unexpired backups are always kept in the backup history. Specify repo-retention-history=0 to retain the backup history only for unexpired backups.
When a full backup history manifest is expired, all differential and incremental backup history manifests associated with the full backup also expire.

    allowed: [0, 9999999]
    example: --repo1-retention-history=365

S3 Repository Bucket Option (--repo-s3-bucket)
S3 repository bucket.
S3 bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other AWS generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-s3-bucket=pg-backup

S3 Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-endpoint)
S3 repository endpoint.
The AWS endpoint should be valid for the selected region.
For custom/test configurations the repo-storage-ca-file, repo-storage-ca-path, repo-storage-host, repo-storage-port, and repo-storage-verify-tls options may be useful.

    example: --repo1-s3-endpoint=s3.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository Key Type Option (--repo-s3-key-type)
S3 repository key type.
The following types are supported:

- shared - Shared keys
- auto - Automatically retrieve temporary credentials
- web-id - Automatically retrieve web identity credentials
- pod-id - Automatically retrieve EKS pod identity credentials
- process - Retrieve credentials by executing a process

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-s3-key-type=auto

S3 Repository KMS Key ID Option (--repo-s3-kms-key-id)
S3 repository KMS key.
Enables S3 server-side encryption using the specified AWS key management service key.

    example: --repo1-s3-kms-key-id=bceb4f13-6939-4be3-910d-df54dee817b7

S3 Authentication Process Command Option (--repo-s3-process-cmd)
S3 authentication process command.
Command (and optional arguments) to execute for retrieving temporary S3 credentials. The first list entry is the command and the remaining entries are passed as parameters.
The process must output JSON containing AccessKeyId, SecretAccessKey, SessionToken, and Expiration fields. Credentials will be automatically refreshed before the expiration time. See Process Credential Provider for format details.

    example: --repo1-s3-process-cmd=/usr/local/bin/get-credentials --repo1-s3-process-cmd=--role --repo1-s3-process-cmd=my-role

S3 Repository Region Option (--repo-s3-region)
S3 repository region.
The AWS region where the bucket was created.

    example: --repo1-s3-region=us-east-1

S3 Repository Requestor Pays Option (--repo-s3-requester-pays)
S3 repository requester pays.
Enables S3 requester pays.

    default: n
    example: --no-repo1-s3-requester-pays

S3 Repository Role Option (--repo-s3-role)
S3 repository role.
The AWS role name (not the full ARN) used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=auto.

    example: --repo1-s3-role=authrole

S3 Repository Service Option (--repo-s3-service)
S3 signing service.
The S3 signing service used in SigV4 authentication. Defaults to s3 for standard S3 endpoints. Set to s3-outposts when using an S3 Outposts endpoint.

    default: s3
    example: --repo1-s3-service=s3-outposts

S3 Repository STS Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-sts-host)
S3 repository STS endpoint.
The STS endpoint used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=web-id is configured. Set to a regional endpoint (e.g. sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com) to use regional STS, which may be required for GovCloud, China regions, or to reduce latency.

    default: sts.amazonaws.com
    example: --repo1-s3-sts-host=sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository URI Style Option (--repo-s3-uri-style)
S3 URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to bucket.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend bucket to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-s3-uri-style=path

SFTP Repository Host Option (--repo-sftp-host)
SFTP repository host.
The SFTP host containing the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host=sftprepo.domain

SFTP Repository Host Fingerprint Option (--repo-sftp-host-fingerprint)
SFTP repository host fingerprint.
SFTP repository host fingerprint generation should match the repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type. Generate the fingerprint via awk '{print $2}' ssh_host_xxx_key.pub | base64 -d | (md5sum or sha1sum) -b. The ssh host keys are normally found in the /etc/ssh directory.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-fingerprint=f84e172dfead7aeeeae6c1fdfb5aa8cf

SFTP Host Key Check Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-check-type)
SFTP host key check type.
The following SFTP host key check types are supported:

- strict - pgBackRest will never automatically add host keys to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and refuses to connect to hosts whose host key has changed or is not found in the known hosts files. This option forces the user to manually add all new hosts.
- accept-new - pgBackRest will automatically add new host keys to the user's known hosts file, but will not permit connections to hosts with changed host keys.
- fingerprint - pgBackRest will check the host key against the fingerprint specified by the repo-sftp-host-fingerprint option.
- none - no host key checking will be performed.

    default: strict
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-check-type=accept-new

SFTP Repository Host Key Hash Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type)
SFTP repository host key hash type.
SFTP repository host key hash type. Declares the hash type to be used to compute the digest of the remote system's host key on SSH startup. Newer versions of libssh2 support sha256 in addition to md5 and sha1.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha256

SFTP Repository Host Port Option (--repo-sftp-host-port)
SFTP repository host port.
SFTP repository host port.

    default: 22
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-port=22

SFTP Repository Host User Option (--repo-sftp-host-user)
SFTP repository host user.
User on the host used to store the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-user=pg-backup

SFTP Known Hosts File Option (--repo-sftp-known-host)
SFTP known hosts file.
A known hosts file to search for an SFTP host match during authentication. When unspecified, pgBackRest will default to searching ~/.ssh/known_hosts, ~/.ssh/known_hosts2, /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, and /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2. If configured with one or more file paths, pgBackRest will search those for a match. File paths must be full or leading tilde paths. The repo-sftp-known-host option can be passed multiple times to specify more than one known hosts file to search. To utilize known hosts file checking repo-sftp-host-fingerprint must not be specified. See also repo-sftp-host-check-type option.

    example: --repo1-sftp-known-host=/home/postgres/.ssh/known_hosts

SFTP Repository Private Key File Option (--repo-sftp-private-key-file)
SFTP private key file.
SFTP private key file used for authentication.

    example: --repo1-sftp-private-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519

SFTP Repository Public Key File Option (--repo-sftp-public-key-file)
SFTP public key file.
SFTP public key file used for authentication. Optional if compiled against OpenSSL, required if compiled against a different library.

    example: --repo1-sftp-public-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Repository Storage CA File Option (--repo-storage-ca-file)
Repository storage CA file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-file, repo-s3-ca-file
Repository Storage TLS CA Path Option (--repo-storage-ca-path)
Repository storage CA path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-path, repo-s3-ca-path
Repository Storage Host Option (--repo-storage-host)
Repository storage host.
Connect to a host other than the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint. This is typically used for testing.

    example: --repo1-storage-host=127.0.0.1

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-host, repo-s3-host
Repository Storage Port Option (--repo-storage-port)
Repository storage port.
Port to use when connecting to the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint (or host if specified).

    default: 443
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-storage-port=9000

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-port, repo-s3-port
Repository Storage Tag Option (--repo-storage-tag)
Repository storage tag(s).
Specify tags that will be added to objects when the repository is an object store (e.g. S3). The option can be repeated to add multiple tags.
There is no provision in pgBackRest to modify these tags so be sure to set them correctly before running stanza-create to ensure uniform tags across the entire repository.

    example: --repo1-storage-tag=key1=value1

Repository Storage Upload Chunk Size Option (--repo-storage-upload-chunk-size)
Repository storage upload chunk size.
Object stores such as S3 allow files to be uploaded in chunks when the file is too large to be stored in memory. Even if the file can be stored in memory, it is more memory efficient to limit the amount of memory used for uploads.
A larger chunk size will generally lead to better performance because it will minimize upload requests and allow more files to be uploaded in a single request rather than in chunks. The disadvantage is that memory usage will be higher and because the chunk buffer must be allocated per process, larger process-max values will lead to more memory being consumed overall.
Note that valid chunk sizes vary by storage type and by platform. For example, AWS S3 has a minimum chunk size of 5MiB. Terminology for chunk size varies by storage type, so when searching min/max values use part size for AWS S3, chunk size for GCS, and block size for Azure.
If a file is larger than 1GiB (the maximum size PostgreSQL will create by default) then the chunk size will be increased incrementally up to the maximum allowed in order to complete the file upload.

    default (depending on repo-type):
        azure - 4MiB
        gcs - 4MiB
        s3 - 5MiB

    allow range (depending on repo-type):
        azure - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        gcs - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        s3 - [5MiB, 1GiB]

    example: --repo1-storage-upload-chunk-size=16MiB

Repository Storage Certificate Verify Option (--repo-storage-verify-tls)
Repository storage certificate verify.
This option provides the ability to enable/disable verification of the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) server TLS certificate. Disabling should only be used for testing or other scenarios where a certificate has been self-signed.

    default: y
    example: --no-repo1-storage-verify-tls

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-verify-tls, repo-s3-verify-ssl, repo-s3-verify-tls
Repository Symlink Option (--repo-symlink)
Create symlinks within the repository.
Enable creation of the lastest and tablespace symlinks. These symlinks are most useful when using snapshots to do in-place recovery in the repository, which is an uncommon use case.
While this feature is likely not useful for the vast majority of users it remains on by default for legacy purposes. However, it may be useful to disable symlinks for Posix-like storage that does not support them.

    default: y
    example: --no-repo1-symlink

Repository Type Option (--repo-type)
Type of storage used for the repository.
The following repository types are supported:

- azure - Azure Blob Storage Service
- cifs - Like posix, but disables links and directory fsyncs
- gcs - Google Cloud Storage
- posix - Posix-compliant file systems
- s3 - AWS Simple Storage Service
- sftp - Secure File Transfer Protocol

When an NFS mount is used as a posix repository, the same rules apply to pgBackRest as described in the PostgreSQL documentation: Creating a Database Cluster - File Systems.

    default: posix
    example: --repo1-type=cifs

Stanza Options
PostgreSQL Database Option (--pg-database)
PostgreSQL database.
The database name used when connecting to PostgreSQL. The default is usually best but some installations may not contain this database.
Note that for legacy reasons the setting of the PGDATABASE environment variable will be ignored.

    default: postgres
    example: --pg1-database=backupdb

PostgreSQL Host Option (--pg-host)
PostgreSQL host for operating remotely.
Used for backups where the PostgreSQL host is different from the repository host.

    example: --pg1-host=db.domain.com

Deprecated Name: db-host
PostgreSQL Host Certificate Authority File Option (--pg-host-ca-file)
PostgreSQL host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the PostgreSQL host.

    example: --pg1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

PostgreSQL Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--pg-host-ca-path)
PostgreSQL host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the PostgreSQL host.

    example: --pg1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

PostgreSQL Host Certificate File Option (--pg-host-cert-file)
PostgreSQL host certificate file.
Sent to PostgreSQL host to prove client identity.

    example: --pg1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

PostgreSQL Host Command Option (--pg-host-cmd)
PostgreSQL host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and PostgreSQL hosts. If not defined, the PostgreSQL host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --pg1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: db-cmd
PostgreSQL Host Configuration Option (--pg-host-config)
pgBackRest database host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the PostgreSQL host. This is only required if the PostgreSQL host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --pg1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: db-config
PostgreSQL Host Configuration Include Path Option (--pg-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest database host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the PostgreSQL host. This is only required if the PostgreSQL host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --pg1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

PostgreSQL Host Configuration Path Option (--pg-host-config-path)
pgBackRest database host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the PostgreSQL host. This is only required if the PostgreSQL host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --pg1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

PostgreSQL Host Key File Option (--pg-host-key-file)
PostgreSQL host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --pg1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

PostgreSQL Host Port Option (--pg-host-port)
PostgreSQL host port when pg-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the PostgreSQL host protocol.
NOTE:
When pg-host-type=ssh there is no default for pg-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on pg-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --pg1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: db-ssh-port
PostgreSQL Host Protocol Type Option (--pg-host-type)
PostgreSQL host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --pg1-host-type=tls

PostgreSQL Host User Option (--pg-host-user)
PostgreSQL host logon user when pg-host is set.
This user will also own the remote pgBackRest process and will initiate connections to PostgreSQL. For this to work correctly the user should be the PostgreSQL database cluster owner which is generally postgres, the default.

    default: postgres
    example: --pg1-host-user=db_owner

Deprecated Name: db-user
PostgreSQL Path Option (--pg-path)
PostgreSQL data directory.
This should be the same as the data_directory reported by PostgreSQL. Even though this value can be read from various places, it is prudent to set it in case those resources are not available during a restore or offline backup scenario.
The pg-path option is tested against the value reported by PostgreSQL on every online backup so it should always be current.

    example: --pg1-path=/data/db

Deprecated Name: db-path
PostgreSQL Port Option (--pg-port)
PostgreSQL port.
Port that PostgreSQL is running on. This usually does not need to be specified as most PostgreSQL clusters run on the default port.

    default: 5432
    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --pg1-port=6543

Deprecated Name: db-port
PostgreSQL Socket Path Option (--pg-socket-path)
PostgreSQL unix socket path.
The unix socket directory that was specified when PostgreSQL was started. pgBackRest will automatically look in the standard location for your OS so there is usually no need to specify this setting unless the socket directory was explicitly modified with the unix_socket_directories setting in postgresql.conf.

    example: --pg1-socket-path=/var/run/postgresql

Deprecated Name: db-socket-path
PostgreSQL Database User Option (--pg-user)
PostgreSQL database user.
The database user name used when connecting to PostgreSQL. If not specified pgBackRest will connect with the local OS user or PGUSER.

    example: --pg1-user=backupuser

Check Command (check)
The check command validates that pgBackRest and the archive_command setting are configured correctly for archiving and backups for the specified stanza. It will attempt to check all repositories and databases that are configured for the host on which the command is run. It detects misconfigurations, particularly in archiving, that result in incomplete backups because required WAL segments did not reach the archive. The command can be run on the PostgreSQL or repository host. The command may also be run on the standby host, however, since pg_switch_xlog()/pg_switch_wal() cannot be performed on the standby, the command will only test the repository configuration.
Note that pg_create_restore_point('pgBackRest Archive Check') and pg_switch_xlog()/pg_switch_wal() are called to force PostgreSQL to archive a WAL segment.
Command Options
Check Archive Option (--archive-check)
Check that WAL segments are in the archive before backup completes.
Checks that all WAL segments required to make the backup consistent are present in the WAL archive. It's a good idea to leave this as the default unless you are using another method for archiving.
This option must be enabled if archive-copy is enabled.

    default: y
    example: --no-archive-check

Check Archive Mode Option (--archive-mode-check)
Check the PostgreSQL archive_mode setting.
Enabled by default, this option disallows PostgreSQL archive_mode=always.
WAL segments pushed from a standby server might be logically the same as WAL segments pushed from the primary but have different checksums. Disabling archiving from multiple sources is recommended to avoid conflicts.
CAUTION:
If this option is disabled then it is critical to ensure that only one archiver is writing to the repository via the archive-push command.

    default: y
    example: --no-archive-mode-check

Archive Timeout Option (--archive-timeout)
Archive timeout.
Set maximum time, in seconds, to wait for each WAL segment to reach the pgBackRest archive repository. The timeout applies to the check and backup commands when waiting for WAL segments required for backup consistency to be archived.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1d]
    example: --archive-timeout=30

Backup from Standby Option (--backup-standby)
Backup from the standby cluster.
Enable backup from standby to reduce load on the primary cluster. This option requires that both the primary and standby hosts be configured.
The following modes are supported:

- y - Standby is required for backup.
- prefer - Backup from standby if available otherwise backup from primary.
- n - Backup from primary only.

    default: n
    example: --backup-standby=y

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Buffer Size Option (--buffer-size)
Buffer size for I/O operations.
Buffer size used for copy, compress, encrypt, and other operations. The number of buffers used depends on options and each operation may use additional memory, e.g. gz compression may use an additional 256KiB of memory.
Allowed values are 16KiB, 32KiB, 64KiB, 128KiB, 256KiB, 512KiB, 1MiB, 2MiB, 4MiB, 8MiB, and 16MiB.

    default: 1MiB
    example: --buffer-size=2MiB

SSH Client Command Option (--cmd-ssh)
SSH client command.
Use a specific SSH client command when an alternate is desired or the ssh command is not in $PATH.

    default: ssh
    example: --cmd-ssh=/usr/bin/ssh

Network Compress Level Option (--compress-level-network)
Network compression level.
Sets the network compression level when compress-type=none and the command is not run on the same host as the repository. Compression is used to reduce network traffic. When compress-type does not equal none the compress-level-network setting is ignored and compress-level is used instead so that the file is only compressed once.

    default: 1
    allowed: [-5, 12]
    example: --compress-level-network=1

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Database Timeout Option (--db-timeout)
Database query timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, for queries against the database. This includes the backup start/stop functions which can each take a substantial amount of time. Because of this the timeout should be kept high unless you know that these functions will return quickly (i.e. if you have set start-fast=y and you know that the database cluster will not generate many WAL segments during the backup).
NOTE:
The db-timeout option must be less than the protocol-timeout option.

    default: 30m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --db-timeout=600

I/O Timeout Option (--io-timeout)
I/O timeout.
Timeout, in seconds, used for connections and read/write operations.
Note that the entire read/write operation does not need to complete within this timeout but some progress must be made, even if it is only a single byte.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1h]
    example: --io-timeout=120

Neutral Umask Option (--neutral-umask)
Use a neutral umask.
Sets the umask to 0000 so modes in the repository are created in a sensible way. The default directory mode is 0750 and default file mode is 0640.
To use the executing user's umask instead specify neutral-umask=n in the config file or --no-neutral-umask on the command line.

    default: y
    example: --no-neutral-umask

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Protocol Timeout Option (--protocol-timeout)
Protocol timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, that the local or remote process will wait for a new message to be received on the protocol layer. This prevents processes from waiting indefinitely for a message.
NOTE:
The protocol-timeout option must be greater than the db-timeout option.

    default: 31m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --protocol-timeout=630

Keep Alive Option (--sck-keep-alive)
Keep-alive enable.
Enables keep-alive messages on socket connections.

    default: y
    example: --no-sck-keep-alive

Stanza Option (--stanza)
Defines the stanza.
A stanza is the configuration for a PostgreSQL database cluster that defines where it is located, how it will be backed up, archiving options, etc. Most db servers will only have one PostgreSQL database cluster and therefore one stanza, whereas backup servers will have a stanza for every database cluster that needs to be backed up.
It is tempting to name the stanza after the primary cluster but a better name describes the databases contained in the cluster. Because the stanza name will be used for the primary and all replicas it is more appropriate to choose a name that describes the actual function of the cluster, such as app or dw, rather than the local cluster name, such as main or prod.

    example: --stanza=main

Keep Alive Count Option (--tcp-keep-alive-count)
Keep-alive count.
Specifies the number of TCP keep-alive messages that can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.

    allowed: [1, 32]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-count=3

Keep Alive Idle Option (--tcp-keep-alive-idle)
Keep-alive idle time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) with no network activity after which the operating system should send a TCP keep-alive message.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option.

    allowed: [1, 3600]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-idle=60

Keep Alive Interval Option (--tcp-keep-alive-interval)
Keep-alive interval time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) after which a TCP keep-alive message that has not been acknowledged should be retransmitted.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.

    allowed: [1, 900]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-interval=30

TLSv1.2 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-12)
Allowed TLSv1.2 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. The example is reasonable choice unless you have specific security requirements. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-12=HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL

TLSv1.3 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-13)
Allowed TLSv1.3 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-13=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Subprocesses Option (--log-subprocess)
Enable logging in subprocesses.
Enable file logging for any subprocesses created by this process using the log level specified by log-level-file.

    default: n
    example: --log-subprocess

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Maintainer Options
Force PostgreSQL Version Option (--pg-version-force)
Force PostgreSQL version.
The specified PostgreSQL version will be used instead of the version automatically detected by reading pg_control or WAL headers. This is mainly useful for PostgreSQL forks or development versions where those values are different from the release version. The version reported by PostgreSQL via `server_version_num` must match the forced version.
WARNING:
Be cautious when using this option because pg_control and WAL headers will still be read with the expected format for the specified version, i.e. the format from the official open-source version of PostgreSQL. If the fork or development version changes the format of the fields that pgBackRest depends on it will lead to unexpected behavior. In general, this option will only work as expected if the fork adds all custom struct members after the standard PostgreSQL members.

    example: --pg-version-force=15

Repository Options
Azure Repository Container Option (--repo-azure-container)
Azure repository container.
Azure container used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the container root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other Azure-generated content can also be stored in the container.

    example: --repo1-azure-container=pg-backup

Azure Repository Key Type Option (--repo-azure-key-type)
Azure repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- shared - Shared key
- sas - Shared access signature
- auto - Automatically authorize using Azure managed identities

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-azure-key-type=sas

Azure Repository URI Style Option (--repo-azure-uri-style)
Azure URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to account.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend account to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-azure-uri-style=path

Repository Cipher Type Option (--repo-cipher-type)
Cipher used to encrypt the repository.
The following cipher types are supported:

- none - The repository is not encrypted
- aes-256-cbc - Advanced Encryption Standard with 256 bit key length

Note that encryption is always performed client-side even if the repository type (e.g. S3) supports encryption.

    default: none
    example: --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

GCS Repository Bucket Option (--repo-gcs-bucket)
GCS repository bucket.
GCS bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other GCS-generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-gcs-bucket=/pg-backup

GCS Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-gcs-endpoint)
GCS repository endpoint.
Endpoint used to connect to the storage service. May be updated to use a local GCS server or alternate endpoint.

    default: storage.googleapis.com
    example: --repo1-gcs-endpoint=localhost

GCS Repository Key Type Option (--repo-gcs-key-type)
GCS repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- auto - Authorize using the instance service account.
- service - Service account from locally stored key.
- token - For local testing, e.g. fakegcs.

When repo-gcs-key-type=service the credentials will be reloaded when the authentication token is renewed.

    default: service
    example: --repo1-gcs-key-type=auto

GCS Repository Project ID Option (--repo-gcs-user-project)
GCS project ID.
GCS project ID used to determine request billing.

    example: --repo1-gcs-user-project=my-project

Repository Host Option (--repo-host)
Repository host when operating remotely.
When backing up and archiving to a locally mounted filesystem this setting is not required.

    example: --repo1-host=repo1.domain.com

Deprecated Name: backup-host
Repository Host Certificate Authority File Option (--repo-host-ca-file)
Repository host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Repository Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--repo-host-ca-path)
Repository host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Repository Host Certificate File Option (--repo-host-cert-file)
Repository host certificate file.
Sent to repository host to prove client identity.

    example: --repo1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

Repository Host Command Option (--repo-host-cmd)
Repository host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and repository hosts. If not defined, the repository host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --repo1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: backup-cmd
Repository Host Configuration Option (--repo-host-config)
pgBackRest repository host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --repo1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: backup-config
Repository Host Configuration Include Path Option (--repo-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Repository Host Configuration Path Option (--repo-host-config-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Repository Host Key File Option (--repo-host-key-file)
Repository host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --repo1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

Repository Host Port Option (--repo-host-port)
Repository host port when repo-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the repository host protocol.
NOTE:
When repo-host-type=ssh there is no default for repo-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on repo-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --repo1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: backup-ssh-port
Repository Host Protocol Type Option (--repo-host-type)
Repository host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --repo1-host-type=tls

Repository Host User Option (--repo-host-user)
Repository host user when repo-host is set.
Defines the user that will be used for operations on the repository host. Preferably this is not the postgres user but rather some other user like pgbackrest. If PostgreSQL runs on the repository host the postgres user can be placed in the pgbackrest group so it has read permissions on the repository without being able to damage the contents accidentally.

    default: pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-host-user=repo-user

Deprecated Name: backup-user
Repository Path Option (--repo-path)
Path where backups and archive are stored.
The repository is where pgBackRest stores backups and archives WAL segments.
It may be difficult to estimate in advance how much space you'll need. The best thing to do is take some backups then record the size of different types of backups (full/incr/diff) and measure the amount of WAL generated per day. This will give you a general idea of how much space you'll need, though of course requirements will likely change over time as your database evolves.

    default: /var/lib/pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-path=/backup/db/backrest

S3 Repository Bucket Option (--repo-s3-bucket)
S3 repository bucket.
S3 bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other AWS generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-s3-bucket=pg-backup

S3 Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-endpoint)
S3 repository endpoint.
The AWS endpoint should be valid for the selected region.
For custom/test configurations the repo-storage-ca-file, repo-storage-ca-path, repo-storage-host, repo-storage-port, and repo-storage-verify-tls options may be useful.

    example: --repo1-s3-endpoint=s3.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository Key Type Option (--repo-s3-key-type)
S3 repository key type.
The following types are supported:

- shared - Shared keys
- auto - Automatically retrieve temporary credentials
- web-id - Automatically retrieve web identity credentials
- pod-id - Automatically retrieve EKS pod identity credentials
- process - Retrieve credentials by executing a process

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-s3-key-type=auto

S3 Repository KMS Key ID Option (--repo-s3-kms-key-id)
S3 repository KMS key.
Enables S3 server-side encryption using the specified AWS key management service key.

    example: --repo1-s3-kms-key-id=bceb4f13-6939-4be3-910d-df54dee817b7

S3 Authentication Process Command Option (--repo-s3-process-cmd)
S3 authentication process command.
Command (and optional arguments) to execute for retrieving temporary S3 credentials. The first list entry is the command and the remaining entries are passed as parameters.
The process must output JSON containing AccessKeyId, SecretAccessKey, SessionToken, and Expiration fields. Credentials will be automatically refreshed before the expiration time. See Process Credential Provider for format details.

    example: --repo1-s3-process-cmd=/usr/local/bin/get-credentials --repo1-s3-process-cmd=--role --repo1-s3-process-cmd=my-role

S3 Repository Region Option (--repo-s3-region)
S3 repository region.
The AWS region where the bucket was created.

    example: --repo1-s3-region=us-east-1

S3 Repository Requestor Pays Option (--repo-s3-requester-pays)
S3 repository requester pays.
Enables S3 requester pays.

    default: n
    example: --no-repo1-s3-requester-pays

S3 Repository Role Option (--repo-s3-role)
S3 repository role.
The AWS role name (not the full ARN) used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=auto.

    example: --repo1-s3-role=authrole

S3 Repository Service Option (--repo-s3-service)
S3 signing service.
The S3 signing service used in SigV4 authentication. Defaults to s3 for standard S3 endpoints. Set to s3-outposts when using an S3 Outposts endpoint.

    default: s3
    example: --repo1-s3-service=s3-outposts

S3 Repository STS Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-sts-host)
S3 repository STS endpoint.
The STS endpoint used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=web-id is configured. Set to a regional endpoint (e.g. sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com) to use regional STS, which may be required for GovCloud, China regions, or to reduce latency.

    default: sts.amazonaws.com
    example: --repo1-s3-sts-host=sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository URI Style Option (--repo-s3-uri-style)
S3 URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to bucket.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend bucket to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-s3-uri-style=path

SFTP Repository Host Option (--repo-sftp-host)
SFTP repository host.
The SFTP host containing the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host=sftprepo.domain

SFTP Repository Host Fingerprint Option (--repo-sftp-host-fingerprint)
SFTP repository host fingerprint.
SFTP repository host fingerprint generation should match the repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type. Generate the fingerprint via awk '{print $2}' ssh_host_xxx_key.pub | base64 -d | (md5sum or sha1sum) -b. The ssh host keys are normally found in the /etc/ssh directory.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-fingerprint=f84e172dfead7aeeeae6c1fdfb5aa8cf

SFTP Host Key Check Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-check-type)
SFTP host key check type.
The following SFTP host key check types are supported:

- strict - pgBackRest will never automatically add host keys to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and refuses to connect to hosts whose host key has changed or is not found in the known hosts files. This option forces the user to manually add all new hosts.
- accept-new - pgBackRest will automatically add new host keys to the user's known hosts file, but will not permit connections to hosts with changed host keys.
- fingerprint - pgBackRest will check the host key against the fingerprint specified by the repo-sftp-host-fingerprint option.
- none - no host key checking will be performed.

    default: strict
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-check-type=accept-new

SFTP Repository Host Key Hash Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type)
SFTP repository host key hash type.
SFTP repository host key hash type. Declares the hash type to be used to compute the digest of the remote system's host key on SSH startup. Newer versions of libssh2 support sha256 in addition to md5 and sha1.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha256

SFTP Repository Host Port Option (--repo-sftp-host-port)
SFTP repository host port.
SFTP repository host port.

    default: 22
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-port=22

SFTP Repository Host User Option (--repo-sftp-host-user)
SFTP repository host user.
User on the host used to store the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-user=pg-backup

SFTP Known Hosts File Option (--repo-sftp-known-host)
SFTP known hosts file.
A known hosts file to search for an SFTP host match during authentication. When unspecified, pgBackRest will default to searching ~/.ssh/known_hosts, ~/.ssh/known_hosts2, /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, and /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2. If configured with one or more file paths, pgBackRest will search those for a match. File paths must be full or leading tilde paths. The repo-sftp-known-host option can be passed multiple times to specify more than one known hosts file to search. To utilize known hosts file checking repo-sftp-host-fingerprint must not be specified. See also repo-sftp-host-check-type option.

    example: --repo1-sftp-known-host=/home/postgres/.ssh/known_hosts

SFTP Repository Private Key File Option (--repo-sftp-private-key-file)
SFTP private key file.
SFTP private key file used for authentication.

    example: --repo1-sftp-private-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519

SFTP Repository Public Key File Option (--repo-sftp-public-key-file)
SFTP public key file.
SFTP public key file used for authentication. Optional if compiled against OpenSSL, required if compiled against a different library.

    example: --repo1-sftp-public-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Repository Storage CA File Option (--repo-storage-ca-file)
Repository storage CA file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-file, repo-s3-ca-file
Repository Storage TLS CA Path Option (--repo-storage-ca-path)
Repository storage CA path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-path, repo-s3-ca-path
Repository Storage Host Option (--repo-storage-host)
Repository storage host.
Connect to a host other than the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint. This is typically used for testing.

    example: --repo1-storage-host=127.0.0.1

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-host, repo-s3-host
Repository Storage Port Option (--repo-storage-port)
Repository storage port.
Port to use when connecting to the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint (or host if specified).

    default: 443
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-storage-port=9000

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-port, repo-s3-port
Repository Storage Tag Option (--repo-storage-tag)
Repository storage tag(s).
Specify tags that will be added to objects when the repository is an object store (e.g. S3). The option can be repeated to add multiple tags.
There is no provision in pgBackRest to modify these tags so be sure to set them correctly before running stanza-create to ensure uniform tags across the entire repository.

    example: --repo1-storage-tag=key1=value1

Repository Storage Upload Chunk Size Option (--repo-storage-upload-chunk-size)
Repository storage upload chunk size.
Object stores such as S3 allow files to be uploaded in chunks when the file is too large to be stored in memory. Even if the file can be stored in memory, it is more memory efficient to limit the amount of memory used for uploads.
A larger chunk size will generally lead to better performance because it will minimize upload requests and allow more files to be uploaded in a single request rather than in chunks. The disadvantage is that memory usage will be higher and because the chunk buffer must be allocated per process, larger process-max values will lead to more memory being consumed overall.
Note that valid chunk sizes vary by storage type and by platform. For example, AWS S3 has a minimum chunk size of 5MiB. Terminology for chunk size varies by storage type, so when searching min/max values use part size for AWS S3, chunk size for GCS, and block size for Azure.
If a file is larger than 1GiB (the maximum size PostgreSQL will create by default) then the chunk size will be increased incrementally up to the maximum allowed in order to complete the file upload.

    default (depending on repo-type):
        azure - 4MiB
        gcs - 4MiB
        s3 - 5MiB

    allow range (depending on repo-type):
        azure - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        gcs - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        s3 - [5MiB, 1GiB]

    example: --repo1-storage-upload-chunk-size=16MiB

Repository Storage Certificate Verify Option (--repo-storage-verify-tls)
Repository storage certificate verify.
This option provides the ability to enable/disable verification of the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) server TLS certificate. Disabling should only be used for testing or other scenarios where a certificate has been self-signed.

    default: y
    example: --no-repo1-storage-verify-tls

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-verify-tls, repo-s3-verify-ssl, repo-s3-verify-tls
Repository Type Option (--repo-type)
Type of storage used for the repository.
The following repository types are supported:

- azure - Azure Blob Storage Service
- cifs - Like posix, but disables links and directory fsyncs
- gcs - Google Cloud Storage
- posix - Posix-compliant file systems
- s3 - AWS Simple Storage Service
- sftp - Secure File Transfer Protocol

When an NFS mount is used as a posix repository, the same rules apply to pgBackRest as described in the PostgreSQL documentation: Creating a Database Cluster - File Systems.

    default: posix
    example: --repo1-type=cifs

Stanza Options
PostgreSQL Database Option (--pg-database)
PostgreSQL database.
The database name used when connecting to PostgreSQL. The default is usually best but some installations may not contain this database.
Note that for legacy reasons the setting of the PGDATABASE environment variable will be ignored.

    default: postgres
    example: --pg1-database=backupdb

PostgreSQL Host Option (--pg-host)
PostgreSQL host for operating remotely.
Used for backups where the PostgreSQL host is different from the repository host.

    example: --pg1-host=db.domain.com

Deprecated Name: db-host
PostgreSQL Host Certificate Authority File Option (--pg-host-ca-file)
PostgreSQL host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the PostgreSQL host.

    example: --pg1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

PostgreSQL Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--pg-host-ca-path)
PostgreSQL host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the PostgreSQL host.

    example: --pg1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

PostgreSQL Host Certificate File Option (--pg-host-cert-file)
PostgreSQL host certificate file.
Sent to PostgreSQL host to prove client identity.

    example: --pg1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

PostgreSQL Host Command Option (--pg-host-cmd)
PostgreSQL host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and PostgreSQL hosts. If not defined, the PostgreSQL host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --pg1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: db-cmd
PostgreSQL Host Configuration Option (--pg-host-config)
pgBackRest database host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the PostgreSQL host. This is only required if the PostgreSQL host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --pg1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: db-config
PostgreSQL Host Configuration Include Path Option (--pg-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest database host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the PostgreSQL host. This is only required if the PostgreSQL host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --pg1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

PostgreSQL Host Configuration Path Option (--pg-host-config-path)
pgBackRest database host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the PostgreSQL host. This is only required if the PostgreSQL host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --pg1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

PostgreSQL Host Key File Option (--pg-host-key-file)
PostgreSQL host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --pg1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

PostgreSQL Host Port Option (--pg-host-port)
PostgreSQL host port when pg-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the PostgreSQL host protocol.
NOTE:
When pg-host-type=ssh there is no default for pg-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on pg-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --pg1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: db-ssh-port
PostgreSQL Host Protocol Type Option (--pg-host-type)
PostgreSQL host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --pg1-host-type=tls

PostgreSQL Host User Option (--pg-host-user)
PostgreSQL host logon user when pg-host is set.
This user will also own the remote pgBackRest process and will initiate connections to PostgreSQL. For this to work correctly the user should be the PostgreSQL database cluster owner which is generally postgres, the default.

    default: postgres
    example: --pg1-host-user=db_owner

Deprecated Name: db-user
PostgreSQL Path Option (--pg-path)
PostgreSQL data directory.
This should be the same as the data_directory reported by PostgreSQL. Even though this value can be read from various places, it is prudent to set it in case those resources are not available during a restore or offline backup scenario.
The pg-path option is tested against the value reported by PostgreSQL on every online backup so it should always be current.

    example: --pg1-path=/data/db

Deprecated Name: db-path
PostgreSQL Port Option (--pg-port)
PostgreSQL port.
Port that PostgreSQL is running on. This usually does not need to be specified as most PostgreSQL clusters run on the default port.

    default: 5432
    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --pg1-port=6543

Deprecated Name: db-port
PostgreSQL Socket Path Option (--pg-socket-path)
PostgreSQL unix socket path.
The unix socket directory that was specified when PostgreSQL was started. pgBackRest will automatically look in the standard location for your OS so there is usually no need to specify this setting unless the socket directory was explicitly modified with the unix_socket_directories setting in postgresql.conf.

    example: --pg1-socket-path=/var/run/postgresql

Deprecated Name: db-socket-path
PostgreSQL Database User Option (--pg-user)
PostgreSQL database user.
The database user name used when connecting to PostgreSQL. If not specified pgBackRest will connect with the local OS user or PGUSER.

    example: --pg1-user=backupuser

Expire Command (expire)
pgBackRest does full backup rotation based on the retention type which can be a count or a time period. When a count is specified, then expiration is not concerned with when the backups were created but with how many must be retained. Differential backups are count-based but will always be expired when the full backup they depend on is expired. Incremental backups are not expired by retention independently — they are always expired with their related full or differential backup. See sections Full Backup Retention and Differential Backup Retention for details and examples.
Archived WAL is retained by default for backups that have not expired, however, although not recommended, this schedule can be modified per repository with the retention-archive options. See section Archive Retention for details and examples.
The expire command is run automatically after each successful backup and can also be run by the user. When run by the user, expiration will occur as defined by the retention settings for each configured repository. If the --repo option is provided, expiration will occur only on the specified repository. Expiration can also be limited by the user to a specific backup set with the --set option and, unless the --repo option is specified, all repositories will be searched and any matching the set criteria will be expired. It should be noted that the archive retention schedule will be checked and performed any time the expire command is run.
Command Options
Expire Archive Before Option (--archive-expire-before)
Remove WAL archive earlier than the specified WAL segment.
Remove WAL segments earlier than the specified segment, but only those that are not required by a retained backup, that is, segments older than the earliest backup set to retain, or any segment when the repository contains no backup. The specified segment and everything after it are kept. This mirrors the value passed by PostgreSQL to archive_cleanup_command as %r.
This option is primarily intended for archive-only repositories where no backups are stored. It can also be used to reclaim WAL archive space before the first backup when full retention has not yet been met to trigger archive expiration.

    example: --archive-expire-before=000000010000000000000010

Oldest Option (--oldest)
Expire the oldest eligible backup set.
Expire the oldest full backup set that can be removed (meaning at least one newer full backup remains). This is equivalent to manually decrementing retention by one, but computed automatically. All backups related to the expired full backup set (differential and incremental) are also expired.
When used, archive retention is also temporarily adjusted so WAL for the expired backups can be removed in the same run.
If time-based full retention is configured (using --repo-retention-full-type=time) then --oldest uses count-based expiration for this execution.
WARNING:
This option cannot be combined with --set.

    default: n
    example: --oldest

Set Option (--set)
Backup set to expire.
The specified backup set (i.e. the backup label provided and all of its dependent backups, if any) will be expired regardless of backup retention rules except that at least one full backup must remain in the repository.
WARNING:
Use this option with extreme caution — it will permanently remove all backups and archives not required to make a backup consistent from the pgBackRest repository for the specified backup set. This process may negate the ability to perform PITR. If --repo-retention-full and/or --repo-retention-archive options are configured, then it is recommended that you override these options by setting their values to the maximum while performing ad hoc expiration in order to prevent an unintended expiration of archives.

    example: --set=20150131-153358F_20150131-153401I

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Buffer Size Option (--buffer-size)
Buffer size for I/O operations.
Buffer size used for copy, compress, encrypt, and other operations. The number of buffers used depends on options and each operation may use additional memory, e.g. gz compression may use an additional 256KiB of memory.
Allowed values are 16KiB, 32KiB, 64KiB, 128KiB, 256KiB, 512KiB, 1MiB, 2MiB, 4MiB, 8MiB, and 16MiB.

    default: 1MiB
    example: --buffer-size=2MiB

SSH Client Command Option (--cmd-ssh)
SSH client command.
Use a specific SSH client command when an alternate is desired or the ssh command is not in $PATH.

    default: ssh
    example: --cmd-ssh=/usr/bin/ssh

Network Compress Level Option (--compress-level-network)
Network compression level.
Sets the network compression level when compress-type=none and the command is not run on the same host as the repository. Compression is used to reduce network traffic. When compress-type does not equal none the compress-level-network setting is ignored and compress-level is used instead so that the file is only compressed once.

    default: 1
    allowed: [-5, 12]
    example: --compress-level-network=1

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Dry Run Option (--dry-run)
Execute a dry-run for the command.
The --dry-run option is a command-line only option and can be passed when it is desirable to determine what modifications will be made by the command without the command actually making any modifications.

    default: n
    example: --dry-run

I/O Timeout Option (--io-timeout)
I/O timeout.
Timeout, in seconds, used for connections and read/write operations.
Note that the entire read/write operation does not need to complete within this timeout but some progress must be made, even if it is only a single byte.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1h]
    example: --io-timeout=120

Lock Path Option (--lock-path)
Path where lock files are stored.
The lock path provides a location for pgBackRest to create lock files to prevent conflicting operations from being run concurrently.

    default: /tmp/pgbackrest
    example: --lock-path=/backup/db/lock

Neutral Umask Option (--neutral-umask)
Use a neutral umask.
Sets the umask to 0000 so modes in the repository are created in a sensible way. The default directory mode is 0750 and default file mode is 0640.
To use the executing user's umask instead specify neutral-umask=n in the config file or --no-neutral-umask on the command line.

    default: y
    example: --no-neutral-umask

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Protocol Timeout Option (--protocol-timeout)
Protocol timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, that the local or remote process will wait for a new message to be received on the protocol layer. This prevents processes from waiting indefinitely for a message.
NOTE:
The protocol-timeout option must be greater than the db-timeout option.

    default: 31m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --protocol-timeout=630

Keep Alive Option (--sck-keep-alive)
Keep-alive enable.
Enables keep-alive messages on socket connections.

    default: y
    example: --no-sck-keep-alive

Stanza Option (--stanza)
Defines the stanza.
A stanza is the configuration for a PostgreSQL database cluster that defines where it is located, how it will be backed up, archiving options, etc. Most db servers will only have one PostgreSQL database cluster and therefore one stanza, whereas backup servers will have a stanza for every database cluster that needs to be backed up.
It is tempting to name the stanza after the primary cluster but a better name describes the databases contained in the cluster. Because the stanza name will be used for the primary and all replicas it is more appropriate to choose a name that describes the actual function of the cluster, such as app or dw, rather than the local cluster name, such as main or prod.

    example: --stanza=main

Keep Alive Count Option (--tcp-keep-alive-count)
Keep-alive count.
Specifies the number of TCP keep-alive messages that can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.

    allowed: [1, 32]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-count=3

Keep Alive Idle Option (--tcp-keep-alive-idle)
Keep-alive idle time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) with no network activity after which the operating system should send a TCP keep-alive message.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option.

    allowed: [1, 3600]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-idle=60

Keep Alive Interval Option (--tcp-keep-alive-interval)
Keep-alive interval time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) after which a TCP keep-alive message that has not been acknowledged should be retransmitted.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.

    allowed: [1, 900]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-interval=30

TLSv1.2 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-12)
Allowed TLSv1.2 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. The example is reasonable choice unless you have specific security requirements. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-12=HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL

TLSv1.3 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-13)
Allowed TLSv1.3 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-13=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Subprocesses Option (--log-subprocess)
Enable logging in subprocesses.
Enable file logging for any subprocesses created by this process using the log level specified by log-level-file.

    default: n
    example: --log-subprocess

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Repository Options
Set Repository Option (--repo)
Set repository.
Set the repository for a command to operate on.
For example, this option may be used to perform a restore from a specific repository, rather than letting pgBackRest choose.

    allowed: [1, 256]
    example: --repo=1

Azure Repository Container Option (--repo-azure-container)
Azure repository container.
Azure container used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the container root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other Azure-generated content can also be stored in the container.

    example: --repo1-azure-container=pg-backup

Azure Repository Key Type Option (--repo-azure-key-type)
Azure repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- shared - Shared key
- sas - Shared access signature
- auto - Automatically authorize using Azure managed identities

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-azure-key-type=sas

Azure Repository URI Style Option (--repo-azure-uri-style)
Azure URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to account.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend account to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-azure-uri-style=path

Repository Cipher Type Option (--repo-cipher-type)
Cipher used to encrypt the repository.
The following cipher types are supported:

- none - The repository is not encrypted
- aes-256-cbc - Advanced Encryption Standard with 256 bit key length

Note that encryption is always performed client-side even if the repository type (e.g. S3) supports encryption.

    default: none
    example: --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

GCS Repository Bucket Option (--repo-gcs-bucket)
GCS repository bucket.
GCS bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other GCS-generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-gcs-bucket=/pg-backup

GCS Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-gcs-endpoint)
GCS repository endpoint.
Endpoint used to connect to the storage service. May be updated to use a local GCS server or alternate endpoint.

    default: storage.googleapis.com
    example: --repo1-gcs-endpoint=localhost

GCS Repository Key Type Option (--repo-gcs-key-type)
GCS repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- auto - Authorize using the instance service account.
- service - Service account from locally stored key.
- token - For local testing, e.g. fakegcs.

When repo-gcs-key-type=service the credentials will be reloaded when the authentication token is renewed.

    default: service
    example: --repo1-gcs-key-type=auto

GCS Repository Project ID Option (--repo-gcs-user-project)
GCS project ID.
GCS project ID used to determine request billing.

    example: --repo1-gcs-user-project=my-project

Repository Host Option (--repo-host)
Repository host when operating remotely.
When backing up and archiving to a locally mounted filesystem this setting is not required.

    example: --repo1-host=repo1.domain.com

Deprecated Name: backup-host
Repository Host Certificate Authority File Option (--repo-host-ca-file)
Repository host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Repository Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--repo-host-ca-path)
Repository host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Repository Host Certificate File Option (--repo-host-cert-file)
Repository host certificate file.
Sent to repository host to prove client identity.

    example: --repo1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

Repository Host Command Option (--repo-host-cmd)
Repository host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and repository hosts. If not defined, the repository host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --repo1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: backup-cmd
Repository Host Configuration Option (--repo-host-config)
pgBackRest repository host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --repo1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: backup-config
Repository Host Configuration Include Path Option (--repo-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Repository Host Configuration Path Option (--repo-host-config-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Repository Host Key File Option (--repo-host-key-file)
Repository host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --repo1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

Repository Host Port Option (--repo-host-port)
Repository host port when repo-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the repository host protocol.
NOTE:
When repo-host-type=ssh there is no default for repo-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on repo-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --repo1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: backup-ssh-port
Repository Host Protocol Type Option (--repo-host-type)
Repository host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --repo1-host-type=tls

Repository Host User Option (--repo-host-user)
Repository host user when repo-host is set.
Defines the user that will be used for operations on the repository host. Preferably this is not the postgres user but rather some other user like pgbackrest. If PostgreSQL runs on the repository host the postgres user can be placed in the pgbackrest group so it has read permissions on the repository without being able to damage the contents accidentally.

    default: pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-host-user=repo-user

Deprecated Name: backup-user
Repository Path Option (--repo-path)
Path where backups and archive are stored.
The repository is where pgBackRest stores backups and archives WAL segments.
It may be difficult to estimate in advance how much space you'll need. The best thing to do is take some backups then record the size of different types of backups (full/incr/diff) and measure the amount of WAL generated per day. This will give you a general idea of how much space you'll need, though of course requirements will likely change over time as your database evolves.

    default: /var/lib/pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-path=/backup/db/backrest

Archive Retention Option (--repo-retention-archive)
Number of backups worth of continuous WAL to retain.
NOTE:
WAL segments required to make a backup consistent are always retained until the backup is expired regardless of how this option is configured.
If this value is not set and repo-retention-full-type is count (default), then the archive to expire will default to the repo-retention-full (or repo-retention-diff) value corresponding to the repo-retention-archive-type if set to full (or diff). This will ensure that WAL is only expired for backups that are already expired. If repo-retention-full-type is time, then this value will default to removing archives that are earlier than the oldest full backup retained after satisfying the repo-retention-full setting.
This option must be set if repo-retention-archive-type is set to incr. If disk space is at a premium, then this setting, in conjunction with repo-retention-archive-type, can be used to aggressively expire WAL segments. However, doing so negates the ability to perform PITR from the backups with expired WAL and is therefore not recommended.

    allowed: [1, 9999999]
    example: --repo1-retention-archive=2

Deprecated Name: retention-archive
Archive Retention Type Option (--repo-retention-archive-type)
Backup type for WAL retention.
If set to full pgBackRest will keep archive logs for the number of full backups defined by repo-retention-archive. If set to diff (differential) pgBackRest will keep archive logs for the number of full and differential backups defined by repo-retention-archive, meaning if the last backup taken was a full backup, it will be counted as a differential for the purpose of repo-retention. If set to incr (incremental) pgBackRest will keep archive logs for the number of full, differential, and incremental backups defined by repo-retention-archive. It is recommended that this setting not be changed from the default which will only expire WAL in conjunction with expiring full backups.

    default: full
    example: --repo1-retention-archive-type=diff

Deprecated Name: retention-archive-type
Differential Retention Option (--repo-retention-diff)
Number of differential backups to retain.
When a differential backup expires, all incremental backups associated with the differential backup will also expire. When not defined all differential backups will be kept until the full backups they depend on expire.
Note that full backups are included in the count of differential backups for the purpose of expiration. This slightly reduces the number of differential backups that need to be retained in most cases.

    allowed: [1, 9999999]
    example: --repo1-retention-diff=3

Deprecated Name: retention-diff
Full Retention Option (--repo-retention-full)
Full backup retention count/time.
When a full backup expires, all differential and incremental backups associated with the full backup will also expire. When the option is not defined a warning will be issued. If indefinite retention is desired then set the option to the max value.

    allowed: [1, 9999999]
    example: --repo1-retention-full=2

Deprecated Name: retention-full
Full Retention Type Option (--repo-retention-full-type)
Retention type for full backups.
Determines whether the repo-retention-full setting represents a time period (days) or count of full backups to keep.
If set to time then full backups older than repo-retention-full will be removed from the repository if there is at least one other backup that is equal to or greater than the repo-retention-full setting. For example, if repo-retention-full is 30 (days) and there are 2 full backups: one 25 days old and one 35 days old, no full backups will be expired because expiring the 35 day old backup would leave only the 25 day old backup, which would violate the 30 day retention policy of having at least one backup 30 days old before an older one can be expired. Archived WAL older than the oldest full backup remaining will be automatically expired unless repo-retention-archive-type and repo-retention-archive are explicitly set.
If set to count then full backups that exceed repo-retention-full will be expired. For example, if repo-retention-full is 4 and a fifth full backup is completed, then the oldest full backup will be expired to keep the count at 4.
Note that a backup must be successfully completed before it will be considered for retention. For example, if repo-retention-full-type is count and repo-retention-full is 2, then there must be 3 complete full backups before the oldest will be expired.

    default: count
    example: --repo1-retention-full-type=time

Backup History Retention Option (--repo-retention-history)
Days of backup history manifests to retain.
A copy of the backup manifest is stored in the backup.history path when a backup completes. By default these files are never expired since they are useful for data mining, e.g. measuring backup and WAL growth over time.
Set repo-retention-history to define the number of days of backup history manifests to retain. Unexpired backups are always kept in the backup history. Specify repo-retention-history=0 to retain the backup history only for unexpired backups.
When a full backup history manifest is expired, all differential and incremental backup history manifests associated with the full backup also expire.

    allowed: [0, 9999999]
    example: --repo1-retention-history=365

S3 Repository Bucket Option (--repo-s3-bucket)
S3 repository bucket.
S3 bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other AWS generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-s3-bucket=pg-backup

S3 Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-endpoint)
S3 repository endpoint.
The AWS endpoint should be valid for the selected region.
For custom/test configurations the repo-storage-ca-file, repo-storage-ca-path, repo-storage-host, repo-storage-port, and repo-storage-verify-tls options may be useful.

    example: --repo1-s3-endpoint=s3.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository Key Type Option (--repo-s3-key-type)
S3 repository key type.
The following types are supported:

- shared - Shared keys
- auto - Automatically retrieve temporary credentials
- web-id - Automatically retrieve web identity credentials
- pod-id - Automatically retrieve EKS pod identity credentials
- process - Retrieve credentials by executing a process

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-s3-key-type=auto

S3 Repository KMS Key ID Option (--repo-s3-kms-key-id)
S3 repository KMS key.
Enables S3 server-side encryption using the specified AWS key management service key.

    example: --repo1-s3-kms-key-id=bceb4f13-6939-4be3-910d-df54dee817b7

S3 Authentication Process Command Option (--repo-s3-process-cmd)
S3 authentication process command.
Command (and optional arguments) to execute for retrieving temporary S3 credentials. The first list entry is the command and the remaining entries are passed as parameters.
The process must output JSON containing AccessKeyId, SecretAccessKey, SessionToken, and Expiration fields. Credentials will be automatically refreshed before the expiration time. See Process Credential Provider for format details.

    example: --repo1-s3-process-cmd=/usr/local/bin/get-credentials --repo1-s3-process-cmd=--role --repo1-s3-process-cmd=my-role

S3 Repository Region Option (--repo-s3-region)
S3 repository region.
The AWS region where the bucket was created.

    example: --repo1-s3-region=us-east-1

S3 Repository Requestor Pays Option (--repo-s3-requester-pays)
S3 repository requester pays.
Enables S3 requester pays.

    default: n
    example: --no-repo1-s3-requester-pays

S3 Repository Role Option (--repo-s3-role)
S3 repository role.
The AWS role name (not the full ARN) used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=auto.

    example: --repo1-s3-role=authrole

S3 Repository Service Option (--repo-s3-service)
S3 signing service.
The S3 signing service used in SigV4 authentication. Defaults to s3 for standard S3 endpoints. Set to s3-outposts when using an S3 Outposts endpoint.

    default: s3
    example: --repo1-s3-service=s3-outposts

S3 Repository STS Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-sts-host)
S3 repository STS endpoint.
The STS endpoint used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=web-id is configured. Set to a regional endpoint (e.g. sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com) to use regional STS, which may be required for GovCloud, China regions, or to reduce latency.

    default: sts.amazonaws.com
    example: --repo1-s3-sts-host=sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository URI Style Option (--repo-s3-uri-style)
S3 URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to bucket.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend bucket to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-s3-uri-style=path

SFTP Repository Host Option (--repo-sftp-host)
SFTP repository host.
The SFTP host containing the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host=sftprepo.domain

SFTP Repository Host Fingerprint Option (--repo-sftp-host-fingerprint)
SFTP repository host fingerprint.
SFTP repository host fingerprint generation should match the repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type. Generate the fingerprint via awk '{print $2}' ssh_host_xxx_key.pub | base64 -d | (md5sum or sha1sum) -b. The ssh host keys are normally found in the /etc/ssh directory.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-fingerprint=f84e172dfead7aeeeae6c1fdfb5aa8cf

SFTP Host Key Check Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-check-type)
SFTP host key check type.
The following SFTP host key check types are supported:

- strict - pgBackRest will never automatically add host keys to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and refuses to connect to hosts whose host key has changed or is not found in the known hosts files. This option forces the user to manually add all new hosts.
- accept-new - pgBackRest will automatically add new host keys to the user's known hosts file, but will not permit connections to hosts with changed host keys.
- fingerprint - pgBackRest will check the host key against the fingerprint specified by the repo-sftp-host-fingerprint option.
- none - no host key checking will be performed.

    default: strict
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-check-type=accept-new

SFTP Repository Host Key Hash Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type)
SFTP repository host key hash type.
SFTP repository host key hash type. Declares the hash type to be used to compute the digest of the remote system's host key on SSH startup. Newer versions of libssh2 support sha256 in addition to md5 and sha1.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha256

SFTP Repository Host Port Option (--repo-sftp-host-port)
SFTP repository host port.
SFTP repository host port.

    default: 22
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-port=22

SFTP Repository Host User Option (--repo-sftp-host-user)
SFTP repository host user.
User on the host used to store the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-user=pg-backup

SFTP Known Hosts File Option (--repo-sftp-known-host)
SFTP known hosts file.
A known hosts file to search for an SFTP host match during authentication. When unspecified, pgBackRest will default to searching ~/.ssh/known_hosts, ~/.ssh/known_hosts2, /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, and /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2. If configured with one or more file paths, pgBackRest will search those for a match. File paths must be full or leading tilde paths. The repo-sftp-known-host option can be passed multiple times to specify more than one known hosts file to search. To utilize known hosts file checking repo-sftp-host-fingerprint must not be specified. See also repo-sftp-host-check-type option.

    example: --repo1-sftp-known-host=/home/postgres/.ssh/known_hosts

SFTP Repository Private Key File Option (--repo-sftp-private-key-file)
SFTP private key file.
SFTP private key file used for authentication.

    example: --repo1-sftp-private-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519

SFTP Repository Public Key File Option (--repo-sftp-public-key-file)
SFTP public key file.
SFTP public key file used for authentication. Optional if compiled against OpenSSL, required if compiled against a different library.

    example: --repo1-sftp-public-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Repository Storage CA File Option (--repo-storage-ca-file)
Repository storage CA file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-file, repo-s3-ca-file
Repository Storage TLS CA Path Option (--repo-storage-ca-path)
Repository storage CA path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-path, repo-s3-ca-path
Repository Storage Host Option (--repo-storage-host)
Repository storage host.
Connect to a host other than the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint. This is typically used for testing.

    example: --repo1-storage-host=127.0.0.1

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-host, repo-s3-host
Repository Storage Port Option (--repo-storage-port)
Repository storage port.
Port to use when connecting to the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint (or host if specified).

    default: 443
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-storage-port=9000

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-port, repo-s3-port
Repository Storage Tag Option (--repo-storage-tag)
Repository storage tag(s).
Specify tags that will be added to objects when the repository is an object store (e.g. S3). The option can be repeated to add multiple tags.
There is no provision in pgBackRest to modify these tags so be sure to set them correctly before running stanza-create to ensure uniform tags across the entire repository.

    example: --repo1-storage-tag=key1=value1

Repository Storage Upload Chunk Size Option (--repo-storage-upload-chunk-size)
Repository storage upload chunk size.
Object stores such as S3 allow files to be uploaded in chunks when the file is too large to be stored in memory. Even if the file can be stored in memory, it is more memory efficient to limit the amount of memory used for uploads.
A larger chunk size will generally lead to better performance because it will minimize upload requests and allow more files to be uploaded in a single request rather than in chunks. The disadvantage is that memory usage will be higher and because the chunk buffer must be allocated per process, larger process-max values will lead to more memory being consumed overall.
Note that valid chunk sizes vary by storage type and by platform. For example, AWS S3 has a minimum chunk size of 5MiB. Terminology for chunk size varies by storage type, so when searching min/max values use part size for AWS S3, chunk size for GCS, and block size for Azure.
If a file is larger than 1GiB (the maximum size PostgreSQL will create by default) then the chunk size will be increased incrementally up to the maximum allowed in order to complete the file upload.

    default (depending on repo-type):
        azure - 4MiB
        gcs - 4MiB
        s3 - 5MiB

    allow range (depending on repo-type):
        azure - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        gcs - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        s3 - [5MiB, 1GiB]

    example: --repo1-storage-upload-chunk-size=16MiB

Repository Storage Certificate Verify Option (--repo-storage-verify-tls)
Repository storage certificate verify.
This option provides the ability to enable/disable verification of the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) server TLS certificate. Disabling should only be used for testing or other scenarios where a certificate has been self-signed.

    default: y
    example: --no-repo1-storage-verify-tls

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-verify-tls, repo-s3-verify-ssl, repo-s3-verify-tls
Repository Symlink Option (--repo-symlink)
Create symlinks within the repository.
Enable creation of the lastest and tablespace symlinks. These symlinks are most useful when using snapshots to do in-place recovery in the repository, which is an uncommon use case.
While this feature is likely not useful for the vast majority of users it remains on by default for legacy purposes. However, it may be useful to disable symlinks for Posix-like storage that does not support them.

    default: y
    example: --no-repo1-symlink

Repository Type Option (--repo-type)
Type of storage used for the repository.
The following repository types are supported:

- azure - Azure Blob Storage Service
- cifs - Like posix, but disables links and directory fsyncs
- gcs - Google Cloud Storage
- posix - Posix-compliant file systems
- s3 - AWS Simple Storage Service
- sftp - Secure File Transfer Protocol

When an NFS mount is used as a posix repository, the same rules apply to pgBackRest as described in the PostgreSQL documentation: Creating a Database Cluster - File Systems.

    default: posix
    example: --repo1-type=cifs

Help Command (help)
Three levels of help are provided. If no command is specified then general help will be displayed. If a command is specified (e.g. pgbackrest help backup) then a full description of the command will be displayed along with a list of valid options. If an option is specified in addition to a command (e.g. pgbackrest help backup type) then a full description of the option as it applies to the command will be displayed.
Command Options
Display Help Option (--help)
Display help.
Displays help even if the help command is not specified and overrides the --version option.

    default: n
    example: --help

Display Version Option (--version)
Display version.
Displays version even if the version or help command is not specified.

    default: n
    example: --version

Info Command (info)
The info command operates on a single stanza or all stanzas. Text output is the default and gives a human-readable summary of backups for the stanza(s) requested. This format is subject to change with any release.
For machine-readable output use --output=json. The JSON output contains far more information than the text output and is kept stable unless a bug is found.
To speed up execution, limit the output to only progress information by specifying --detail-level=progress. Note that this skips all checks except for availability of the stanza.
Each stanza has a separate section and it is possible to limit output to a single stanza with the --stanza option. The stanza 'status' gives a brief indication of the stanza's health. If this is 'ok' then pgBackRest is functioning normally. If there are multiple repositories, then a status of 'mixed' indicates that the stanza is not in a healthy state on one or more of the repositories; in this case the state of the stanza will be detailed per repository. For cases in which an error on a repository occurred that is not one of the known error codes, then an error code of 'other' will be used and the full error details will be provided. The 'wal archive min/max' shows the minimum and maximum WAL currently stored in the archive and, in the case of multiple repositories, will be reported across all repositories unless the --repo option is set. Note that there may be gaps due to archive retention policies or other reasons.
The 'backup/expire running' and/or 'restore running' messages will appear beside the 'status' information if any of those commands are currently running on the host. Per-repo progress will be also reported in text output and a 'repo' array will be included in JSON output.
The backups are displayed oldest to newest. The oldest backup will always be a full backup (indicated by an F at the end of the label) but the newest backup can be full, differential (ends with D), or incremental (ends with I).
The 'timestamp start/stop' defines the time period when the backup ran. The 'timestamp stop' can be used to determine the backup to use when performing Point-In-Time Recovery. More information about Point-In-Time Recovery can be found in the Point-In-Time Recovery section.
The 'wal start/stop' defines the WAL range that is required to make the database consistent when restoring. The backup command will ensure that this WAL range is in the archive before completing.
The 'database size' is the full uncompressed size of the database while 'database backup size' is the amount of data in the database to actually back up (these will be the same for full backups).
The 'repo' indicates in which repository this backup resides. The 'backup set size' includes all the files from this backup and any referenced backups in the repository that are required to restore the database from this backup while 'backup size' includes only the files in this backup (these will also be the same for full backups). Repository sizes reflect compressed file sizes if compression is enabled in pgBackRest.
The 'backup reference total' summarizes the list of additional backups that are required to restore this backup. Use the --set option to display the complete reference list.
Command Options
Detail level Option (--detail-level)
Output detail level.
The following levels are supported:

- progress - Output only the current backup/expire progress. This level cannot be used with the --set option.
- full - Output full info.

    default: full
    example: --detail-level=progress

Output Option (--output)
Output format.
The following output types are supported:

- text - Human-readable summary of backup information.
- json - Exhaustive machine-readable backup information in JSON format.

    default: text
    example: --output=json

Set Option (--set)
Backup set to detail.
Details include a complete list of additional backups that are required to restore this backup, a list of databases (with OIDs) in the backup set (excluding template databases), tablespaces (with OIDs) with the destination where they will be restored by default, and symlinks with the destination where they will be restored when --link-all is specified.

    example: --set=20150131-153358F_20150131-153401I

Type Option (--type)
Filter on backup type.
Filter the output using one of the following backup types:

- full - Output only full backups.
- diff - Output only differential backups.
- incr - Output only incremental backups.

    example: --type=full

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Buffer Size Option (--buffer-size)
Buffer size for I/O operations.
Buffer size used for copy, compress, encrypt, and other operations. The number of buffers used depends on options and each operation may use additional memory, e.g. gz compression may use an additional 256KiB of memory.
Allowed values are 16KiB, 32KiB, 64KiB, 128KiB, 256KiB, 512KiB, 1MiB, 2MiB, 4MiB, 8MiB, and 16MiB.

    default: 1MiB
    example: --buffer-size=2MiB

SSH Client Command Option (--cmd-ssh)
SSH client command.
Use a specific SSH client command when an alternate is desired or the ssh command is not in $PATH.

    default: ssh
    example: --cmd-ssh=/usr/bin/ssh

Network Compress Level Option (--compress-level-network)
Network compression level.
Sets the network compression level when compress-type=none and the command is not run on the same host as the repository. Compression is used to reduce network traffic. When compress-type does not equal none the compress-level-network setting is ignored and compress-level is used instead so that the file is only compressed once.

    default: 1
    allowed: [-5, 12]
    example: --compress-level-network=1

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

I/O Timeout Option (--io-timeout)
I/O timeout.
Timeout, in seconds, used for connections and read/write operations.
Note that the entire read/write operation does not need to complete within this timeout but some progress must be made, even if it is only a single byte.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1h]
    example: --io-timeout=120

Lock Path Option (--lock-path)
Path where lock files are stored.
The lock path provides a location for pgBackRest to create lock files to prevent conflicting operations from being run concurrently.

    default: /tmp/pgbackrest
    example: --lock-path=/backup/db/lock

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Protocol Timeout Option (--protocol-timeout)
Protocol timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, that the local or remote process will wait for a new message to be received on the protocol layer. This prevents processes from waiting indefinitely for a message.
NOTE:
The protocol-timeout option must be greater than the db-timeout option.

    default: 31m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --protocol-timeout=630

Keep Alive Option (--sck-keep-alive)
Keep-alive enable.
Enables keep-alive messages on socket connections.

    default: y
    example: --no-sck-keep-alive

Stanza Option (--stanza)
Defines the stanza.
A stanza is the configuration for a PostgreSQL database cluster that defines where it is located, how it will be backed up, archiving options, etc. Most db servers will only have one PostgreSQL database cluster and therefore one stanza, whereas backup servers will have a stanza for every database cluster that needs to be backed up.
It is tempting to name the stanza after the primary cluster but a better name describes the databases contained in the cluster. Because the stanza name will be used for the primary and all replicas it is more appropriate to choose a name that describes the actual function of the cluster, such as app or dw, rather than the local cluster name, such as main or prod.

    example: --stanza=main

Keep Alive Count Option (--tcp-keep-alive-count)
Keep-alive count.
Specifies the number of TCP keep-alive messages that can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.

    allowed: [1, 32]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-count=3

Keep Alive Idle Option (--tcp-keep-alive-idle)
Keep-alive idle time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) with no network activity after which the operating system should send a TCP keep-alive message.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option.

    allowed: [1, 3600]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-idle=60

Keep Alive Interval Option (--tcp-keep-alive-interval)
Keep-alive interval time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) after which a TCP keep-alive message that has not been acknowledged should be retransmitted.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.

    allowed: [1, 900]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-interval=30

TLSv1.2 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-12)
Allowed TLSv1.2 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. The example is reasonable choice unless you have specific security requirements. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-12=HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL

TLSv1.3 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-13)
Allowed TLSv1.3 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-13=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Subprocesses Option (--log-subprocess)
Enable logging in subprocesses.
Enable file logging for any subprocesses created by this process using the log level specified by log-level-file.

    default: n
    example: --log-subprocess

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Repository Options
Set Repository Option (--repo)
Set repository.
Set the repository for a command to operate on.
For example, this option may be used to perform a restore from a specific repository, rather than letting pgBackRest choose.

    allowed: [1, 256]
    example: --repo=1

Azure Repository Container Option (--repo-azure-container)
Azure repository container.
Azure container used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the container root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other Azure-generated content can also be stored in the container.

    example: --repo1-azure-container=pg-backup

Azure Repository Key Type Option (--repo-azure-key-type)
Azure repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- shared - Shared key
- sas - Shared access signature
- auto - Automatically authorize using Azure managed identities

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-azure-key-type=sas

Azure Repository URI Style Option (--repo-azure-uri-style)
Azure URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to account.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend account to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-azure-uri-style=path

Repository Cipher Type Option (--repo-cipher-type)
Cipher used to encrypt the repository.
The following cipher types are supported:

- none - The repository is not encrypted
- aes-256-cbc - Advanced Encryption Standard with 256 bit key length

Note that encryption is always performed client-side even if the repository type (e.g. S3) supports encryption.

    default: none
    example: --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

GCS Repository Bucket Option (--repo-gcs-bucket)
GCS repository bucket.
GCS bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other GCS-generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-gcs-bucket=/pg-backup

GCS Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-gcs-endpoint)
GCS repository endpoint.
Endpoint used to connect to the storage service. May be updated to use a local GCS server or alternate endpoint.

    default: storage.googleapis.com
    example: --repo1-gcs-endpoint=localhost

GCS Repository Key Type Option (--repo-gcs-key-type)
GCS repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- auto - Authorize using the instance service account.
- service - Service account from locally stored key.
- token - For local testing, e.g. fakegcs.

When repo-gcs-key-type=service the credentials will be reloaded when the authentication token is renewed.

    default: service
    example: --repo1-gcs-key-type=auto

GCS Repository Project ID Option (--repo-gcs-user-project)
GCS project ID.
GCS project ID used to determine request billing.

    example: --repo1-gcs-user-project=my-project

Repository Host Option (--repo-host)
Repository host when operating remotely.
When backing up and archiving to a locally mounted filesystem this setting is not required.

    example: --repo1-host=repo1.domain.com

Deprecated Name: backup-host
Repository Host Certificate Authority File Option (--repo-host-ca-file)
Repository host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Repository Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--repo-host-ca-path)
Repository host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Repository Host Certificate File Option (--repo-host-cert-file)
Repository host certificate file.
Sent to repository host to prove client identity.

    example: --repo1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

Repository Host Command Option (--repo-host-cmd)
Repository host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and repository hosts. If not defined, the repository host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --repo1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: backup-cmd
Repository Host Configuration Option (--repo-host-config)
pgBackRest repository host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --repo1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: backup-config
Repository Host Configuration Include Path Option (--repo-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Repository Host Configuration Path Option (--repo-host-config-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Repository Host Key File Option (--repo-host-key-file)
Repository host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --repo1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

Repository Host Port Option (--repo-host-port)
Repository host port when repo-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the repository host protocol.
NOTE:
When repo-host-type=ssh there is no default for repo-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on repo-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --repo1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: backup-ssh-port
Repository Host Protocol Type Option (--repo-host-type)
Repository host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --repo1-host-type=tls

Repository Host User Option (--repo-host-user)
Repository host user when repo-host is set.
Defines the user that will be used for operations on the repository host. Preferably this is not the postgres user but rather some other user like pgbackrest. If PostgreSQL runs on the repository host the postgres user can be placed in the pgbackrest group so it has read permissions on the repository without being able to damage the contents accidentally.

    default: pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-host-user=repo-user

Deprecated Name: backup-user
Repository Path Option (--repo-path)
Path where backups and archive are stored.
The repository is where pgBackRest stores backups and archives WAL segments.
It may be difficult to estimate in advance how much space you'll need. The best thing to do is take some backups then record the size of different types of backups (full/incr/diff) and measure the amount of WAL generated per day. This will give you a general idea of how much space you'll need, though of course requirements will likely change over time as your database evolves.

    default: /var/lib/pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-path=/backup/db/backrest

S3 Repository Bucket Option (--repo-s3-bucket)
S3 repository bucket.
S3 bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other AWS generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-s3-bucket=pg-backup

S3 Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-endpoint)
S3 repository endpoint.
The AWS endpoint should be valid for the selected region.
For custom/test configurations the repo-storage-ca-file, repo-storage-ca-path, repo-storage-host, repo-storage-port, and repo-storage-verify-tls options may be useful.

    example: --repo1-s3-endpoint=s3.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository Key Type Option (--repo-s3-key-type)
S3 repository key type.
The following types are supported:

- shared - Shared keys
- auto - Automatically retrieve temporary credentials
- web-id - Automatically retrieve web identity credentials
- pod-id - Automatically retrieve EKS pod identity credentials
- process - Retrieve credentials by executing a process

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-s3-key-type=auto

S3 Repository KMS Key ID Option (--repo-s3-kms-key-id)
S3 repository KMS key.
Enables S3 server-side encryption using the specified AWS key management service key.

    example: --repo1-s3-kms-key-id=bceb4f13-6939-4be3-910d-df54dee817b7

S3 Authentication Process Command Option (--repo-s3-process-cmd)
S3 authentication process command.
Command (and optional arguments) to execute for retrieving temporary S3 credentials. The first list entry is the command and the remaining entries are passed as parameters.
The process must output JSON containing AccessKeyId, SecretAccessKey, SessionToken, and Expiration fields. Credentials will be automatically refreshed before the expiration time. See Process Credential Provider for format details.

    example: --repo1-s3-process-cmd=/usr/local/bin/get-credentials --repo1-s3-process-cmd=--role --repo1-s3-process-cmd=my-role

S3 Repository Region Option (--repo-s3-region)
S3 repository region.
The AWS region where the bucket was created.

    example: --repo1-s3-region=us-east-1

S3 Repository Requestor Pays Option (--repo-s3-requester-pays)
S3 repository requester pays.
Enables S3 requester pays.

    default: n
    example: --no-repo1-s3-requester-pays

S3 Repository Role Option (--repo-s3-role)
S3 repository role.
The AWS role name (not the full ARN) used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=auto.

    example: --repo1-s3-role=authrole

S3 Repository Service Option (--repo-s3-service)
S3 signing service.
The S3 signing service used in SigV4 authentication. Defaults to s3 for standard S3 endpoints. Set to s3-outposts when using an S3 Outposts endpoint.

    default: s3
    example: --repo1-s3-service=s3-outposts

S3 Repository STS Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-sts-host)
S3 repository STS endpoint.
The STS endpoint used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=web-id is configured. Set to a regional endpoint (e.g. sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com) to use regional STS, which may be required for GovCloud, China regions, or to reduce latency.

    default: sts.amazonaws.com
    example: --repo1-s3-sts-host=sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository URI Style Option (--repo-s3-uri-style)
S3 URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to bucket.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend bucket to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-s3-uri-style=path

SFTP Repository Host Option (--repo-sftp-host)
SFTP repository host.
The SFTP host containing the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host=sftprepo.domain

SFTP Repository Host Fingerprint Option (--repo-sftp-host-fingerprint)
SFTP repository host fingerprint.
SFTP repository host fingerprint generation should match the repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type. Generate the fingerprint via awk '{print $2}' ssh_host_xxx_key.pub | base64 -d | (md5sum or sha1sum) -b. The ssh host keys are normally found in the /etc/ssh directory.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-fingerprint=f84e172dfead7aeeeae6c1fdfb5aa8cf

SFTP Host Key Check Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-check-type)
SFTP host key check type.
The following SFTP host key check types are supported:

- strict - pgBackRest will never automatically add host keys to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and refuses to connect to hosts whose host key has changed or is not found in the known hosts files. This option forces the user to manually add all new hosts.
- accept-new - pgBackRest will automatically add new host keys to the user's known hosts file, but will not permit connections to hosts with changed host keys.
- fingerprint - pgBackRest will check the host key against the fingerprint specified by the repo-sftp-host-fingerprint option.
- none - no host key checking will be performed.

    default: strict
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-check-type=accept-new

SFTP Repository Host Key Hash Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type)
SFTP repository host key hash type.
SFTP repository host key hash type. Declares the hash type to be used to compute the digest of the remote system's host key on SSH startup. Newer versions of libssh2 support sha256 in addition to md5 and sha1.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha256

SFTP Repository Host Port Option (--repo-sftp-host-port)
SFTP repository host port.
SFTP repository host port.

    default: 22
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-port=22

SFTP Repository Host User Option (--repo-sftp-host-user)
SFTP repository host user.
User on the host used to store the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-user=pg-backup

SFTP Known Hosts File Option (--repo-sftp-known-host)
SFTP known hosts file.
A known hosts file to search for an SFTP host match during authentication. When unspecified, pgBackRest will default to searching ~/.ssh/known_hosts, ~/.ssh/known_hosts2, /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, and /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2. If configured with one or more file paths, pgBackRest will search those for a match. File paths must be full or leading tilde paths. The repo-sftp-known-host option can be passed multiple times to specify more than one known hosts file to search. To utilize known hosts file checking repo-sftp-host-fingerprint must not be specified. See also repo-sftp-host-check-type option.

    example: --repo1-sftp-known-host=/home/postgres/.ssh/known_hosts

SFTP Repository Private Key File Option (--repo-sftp-private-key-file)
SFTP private key file.
SFTP private key file used for authentication.

    example: --repo1-sftp-private-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519

SFTP Repository Public Key File Option (--repo-sftp-public-key-file)
SFTP public key file.
SFTP public key file used for authentication. Optional if compiled against OpenSSL, required if compiled against a different library.

    example: --repo1-sftp-public-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Repository Storage CA File Option (--repo-storage-ca-file)
Repository storage CA file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-file, repo-s3-ca-file
Repository Storage TLS CA Path Option (--repo-storage-ca-path)
Repository storage CA path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-path, repo-s3-ca-path
Repository Storage Host Option (--repo-storage-host)
Repository storage host.
Connect to a host other than the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint. This is typically used for testing.

    example: --repo1-storage-host=127.0.0.1

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-host, repo-s3-host
Repository Storage Port Option (--repo-storage-port)
Repository storage port.
Port to use when connecting to the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint (or host if specified).

    default: 443
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-storage-port=9000

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-port, repo-s3-port
Repository Storage Tag Option (--repo-storage-tag)
Repository storage tag(s).
Specify tags that will be added to objects when the repository is an object store (e.g. S3). The option can be repeated to add multiple tags.
There is no provision in pgBackRest to modify these tags so be sure to set them correctly before running stanza-create to ensure uniform tags across the entire repository.

    example: --repo1-storage-tag=key1=value1

Repository Storage Upload Chunk Size Option (--repo-storage-upload-chunk-size)
Repository storage upload chunk size.
Object stores such as S3 allow files to be uploaded in chunks when the file is too large to be stored in memory. Even if the file can be stored in memory, it is more memory efficient to limit the amount of memory used for uploads.
A larger chunk size will generally lead to better performance because it will minimize upload requests and allow more files to be uploaded in a single request rather than in chunks. The disadvantage is that memory usage will be higher and because the chunk buffer must be allocated per process, larger process-max values will lead to more memory being consumed overall.
Note that valid chunk sizes vary by storage type and by platform. For example, AWS S3 has a minimum chunk size of 5MiB. Terminology for chunk size varies by storage type, so when searching min/max values use part size for AWS S3, chunk size for GCS, and block size for Azure.
If a file is larger than 1GiB (the maximum size PostgreSQL will create by default) then the chunk size will be increased incrementally up to the maximum allowed in order to complete the file upload.

    default (depending on repo-type):
        azure - 4MiB
        gcs - 4MiB
        s3 - 5MiB

    allow range (depending on repo-type):
        azure - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        gcs - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        s3 - [5MiB, 1GiB]

    example: --repo1-storage-upload-chunk-size=16MiB

Repository Storage Certificate Verify Option (--repo-storage-verify-tls)
Repository storage certificate verify.
This option provides the ability to enable/disable verification of the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) server TLS certificate. Disabling should only be used for testing or other scenarios where a certificate has been self-signed.

    default: y
    example: --no-repo1-storage-verify-tls

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-verify-tls, repo-s3-verify-ssl, repo-s3-verify-tls
Target Time for Repository Option (--repo-target-time)
Target time for repository.
The target time defines the time that commands use to read a repository on versioned storage. This allows the command to read the repository as it was at a point-in-time in order to recover data that has been deleted or corrupted by user accident or malware.
Versioned storage is supported by S3, GCS, and Azure but is generally not enabled by default. In addition to enabling versioning, it may be useful to enable object locking for S3 and soft delete for GCS or Azure.
When the repo-target-time option is specified then the repo option must also be provided. It is likely that not all repository types will support versioning and in general it makes sense to target a single repository for recovery.
Note that comparisons to the storage timestamp are <= the timestamp provided and milliseconds are truncated from the timestamp when provided.

    example: --repo-target-time=2024-08-08 12:12:12+00

Repository Type Option (--repo-type)
Type of storage used for the repository.
The following repository types are supported:

- azure - Azure Blob Storage Service
- cifs - Like posix, but disables links and directory fsyncs
- gcs - Google Cloud Storage
- posix - Posix-compliant file systems
- s3 - AWS Simple Storage Service
- sftp - Secure File Transfer Protocol

When an NFS mount is used as a posix repository, the same rules apply to pgBackRest as described in the PostgreSQL documentation: Creating a Database Cluster - File Systems.

    default: posix
    example: --repo1-type=cifs

Repository Get Command (repo-get)
Similar to the unix cat command but works on any supported repository type. This command requires a fully qualified file name and is primarily for administration, investigation, and testing. It is not a required part of a normal pgBackRest setup.
If the repository is encrypted then repo-get will automatically decrypt the file. Files are not automatically decompressed but the output can be piped through the appropriate decompression command, e.g. gzip -d.
If more than one repository is configured, the command will default to the highest priority repository (e.g. repo1) unless the --repo option is specified.
Command Options
Ignore Missing Option (--ignore-missing)
Ignore missing source file.
Exit with 1 if the source file is missing but don't throw an error.

    default: n
    example: --ignore-missing

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Buffer Size Option (--buffer-size)
Buffer size for I/O operations.
Buffer size used for copy, compress, encrypt, and other operations. The number of buffers used depends on options and each operation may use additional memory, e.g. gz compression may use an additional 256KiB of memory.
Allowed values are 16KiB, 32KiB, 64KiB, 128KiB, 256KiB, 512KiB, 1MiB, 2MiB, 4MiB, 8MiB, and 16MiB.

    default: 1MiB
    example: --buffer-size=2MiB

SSH Client Command Option (--cmd-ssh)
SSH client command.
Use a specific SSH client command when an alternate is desired or the ssh command is not in $PATH.

    default: ssh
    example: --cmd-ssh=/usr/bin/ssh

Network Compress Level Option (--compress-level-network)
Network compression level.
Sets the network compression level when compress-type=none and the command is not run on the same host as the repository. Compression is used to reduce network traffic. When compress-type does not equal none the compress-level-network setting is ignored and compress-level is used instead so that the file is only compressed once.

    default: 1
    allowed: [-5, 12]
    example: --compress-level-network=1

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

I/O Timeout Option (--io-timeout)
I/O timeout.
Timeout, in seconds, used for connections and read/write operations.
Note that the entire read/write operation does not need to complete within this timeout but some progress must be made, even if it is only a single byte.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1h]
    example: --io-timeout=120

Neutral Umask Option (--neutral-umask)
Use a neutral umask.
Sets the umask to 0000 so modes in the repository are created in a sensible way. The default directory mode is 0750 and default file mode is 0640.
To use the executing user's umask instead specify neutral-umask=n in the config file or --no-neutral-umask on the command line.

    default: y
    example: --no-neutral-umask

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Protocol Timeout Option (--protocol-timeout)
Protocol timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, that the local or remote process will wait for a new message to be received on the protocol layer. This prevents processes from waiting indefinitely for a message.
NOTE:
The protocol-timeout option must be greater than the db-timeout option.

    default: 31m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --protocol-timeout=630

Raw Data Option (--raw)
Do not transform data.
Do not transform (i.e, encrypt, decompress, etc.) data for the current command.

    default: n
    example: --raw

Keep Alive Option (--sck-keep-alive)
Keep-alive enable.
Enables keep-alive messages on socket connections.

    default: y
    example: --no-sck-keep-alive

Keep Alive Count Option (--tcp-keep-alive-count)
Keep-alive count.
Specifies the number of TCP keep-alive messages that can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.

    allowed: [1, 32]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-count=3

Keep Alive Idle Option (--tcp-keep-alive-idle)
Keep-alive idle time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) with no network activity after which the operating system should send a TCP keep-alive message.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option.

    allowed: [1, 3600]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-idle=60

Keep Alive Interval Option (--tcp-keep-alive-interval)
Keep-alive interval time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) after which a TCP keep-alive message that has not been acknowledged should be retransmitted.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.

    allowed: [1, 900]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-interval=30

TLSv1.2 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-12)
Allowed TLSv1.2 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. The example is reasonable choice unless you have specific security requirements. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-12=HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL

TLSv1.3 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-13)
Allowed TLSv1.3 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-13=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Subprocesses Option (--log-subprocess)
Enable logging in subprocesses.
Enable file logging for any subprocesses created by this process using the log level specified by log-level-file.

    default: n
    example: --log-subprocess

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Repository Options
Set Repository Option (--repo)
Set repository.
Set the repository for a command to operate on.
For example, this option may be used to perform a restore from a specific repository, rather than letting pgBackRest choose.

    allowed: [1, 256]
    example: --repo=1

Azure Repository Container Option (--repo-azure-container)
Azure repository container.
Azure container used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the container root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other Azure-generated content can also be stored in the container.

    example: --repo1-azure-container=pg-backup

Azure Repository Key Type Option (--repo-azure-key-type)
Azure repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- shared - Shared key
- sas - Shared access signature
- auto - Automatically authorize using Azure managed identities

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-azure-key-type=sas

Azure Repository URI Style Option (--repo-azure-uri-style)
Azure URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to account.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend account to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-azure-uri-style=path

Repository Cipher Type Option (--repo-cipher-type)
Cipher used to encrypt the repository.
The following cipher types are supported:

- none - The repository is not encrypted
- aes-256-cbc - Advanced Encryption Standard with 256 bit key length

Note that encryption is always performed client-side even if the repository type (e.g. S3) supports encryption.

    default: none
    example: --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

GCS Repository Bucket Option (--repo-gcs-bucket)
GCS repository bucket.
GCS bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other GCS-generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-gcs-bucket=/pg-backup

GCS Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-gcs-endpoint)
GCS repository endpoint.
Endpoint used to connect to the storage service. May be updated to use a local GCS server or alternate endpoint.

    default: storage.googleapis.com
    example: --repo1-gcs-endpoint=localhost

GCS Repository Key Type Option (--repo-gcs-key-type)
GCS repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- auto - Authorize using the instance service account.
- service - Service account from locally stored key.
- token - For local testing, e.g. fakegcs.

When repo-gcs-key-type=service the credentials will be reloaded when the authentication token is renewed.

    default: service
    example: --repo1-gcs-key-type=auto

GCS Repository Project ID Option (--repo-gcs-user-project)
GCS project ID.
GCS project ID used to determine request billing.

    example: --repo1-gcs-user-project=my-project

Repository Host Option (--repo-host)
Repository host when operating remotely.
When backing up and archiving to a locally mounted filesystem this setting is not required.

    example: --repo1-host=repo1.domain.com

Deprecated Name: backup-host
Repository Host Certificate Authority File Option (--repo-host-ca-file)
Repository host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Repository Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--repo-host-ca-path)
Repository host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Repository Host Certificate File Option (--repo-host-cert-file)
Repository host certificate file.
Sent to repository host to prove client identity.

    example: --repo1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

Repository Host Command Option (--repo-host-cmd)
Repository host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and repository hosts. If not defined, the repository host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --repo1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: backup-cmd
Repository Host Configuration Option (--repo-host-config)
pgBackRest repository host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --repo1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: backup-config
Repository Host Configuration Include Path Option (--repo-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Repository Host Configuration Path Option (--repo-host-config-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Repository Host Key File Option (--repo-host-key-file)
Repository host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --repo1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

Repository Host Port Option (--repo-host-port)
Repository host port when repo-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the repository host protocol.
NOTE:
When repo-host-type=ssh there is no default for repo-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on repo-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --repo1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: backup-ssh-port
Repository Host Protocol Type Option (--repo-host-type)
Repository host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --repo1-host-type=tls

Repository Host User Option (--repo-host-user)
Repository host user when repo-host is set.
Defines the user that will be used for operations on the repository host. Preferably this is not the postgres user but rather some other user like pgbackrest. If PostgreSQL runs on the repository host the postgres user can be placed in the pgbackrest group so it has read permissions on the repository without being able to damage the contents accidentally.

    default: pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-host-user=repo-user

Deprecated Name: backup-user
Repository Path Option (--repo-path)
Path where backups and archive are stored.
The repository is where pgBackRest stores backups and archives WAL segments.
It may be difficult to estimate in advance how much space you'll need. The best thing to do is take some backups then record the size of different types of backups (full/incr/diff) and measure the amount of WAL generated per day. This will give you a general idea of how much space you'll need, though of course requirements will likely change over time as your database evolves.

    default: /var/lib/pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-path=/backup/db/backrest

S3 Repository Bucket Option (--repo-s3-bucket)
S3 repository bucket.
S3 bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other AWS generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-s3-bucket=pg-backup

S3 Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-endpoint)
S3 repository endpoint.
The AWS endpoint should be valid for the selected region.
For custom/test configurations the repo-storage-ca-file, repo-storage-ca-path, repo-storage-host, repo-storage-port, and repo-storage-verify-tls options may be useful.

    example: --repo1-s3-endpoint=s3.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository Key Type Option (--repo-s3-key-type)
S3 repository key type.
The following types are supported:

- shared - Shared keys
- auto - Automatically retrieve temporary credentials
- web-id - Automatically retrieve web identity credentials
- pod-id - Automatically retrieve EKS pod identity credentials
- process - Retrieve credentials by executing a process

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-s3-key-type=auto

S3 Repository KMS Key ID Option (--repo-s3-kms-key-id)
S3 repository KMS key.
Enables S3 server-side encryption using the specified AWS key management service key.

    example: --repo1-s3-kms-key-id=bceb4f13-6939-4be3-910d-df54dee817b7

S3 Authentication Process Command Option (--repo-s3-process-cmd)
S3 authentication process command.
Command (and optional arguments) to execute for retrieving temporary S3 credentials. The first list entry is the command and the remaining entries are passed as parameters.
The process must output JSON containing AccessKeyId, SecretAccessKey, SessionToken, and Expiration fields. Credentials will be automatically refreshed before the expiration time. See Process Credential Provider for format details.

    example: --repo1-s3-process-cmd=/usr/local/bin/get-credentials --repo1-s3-process-cmd=--role --repo1-s3-process-cmd=my-role

S3 Repository Region Option (--repo-s3-region)
S3 repository region.
The AWS region where the bucket was created.

    example: --repo1-s3-region=us-east-1

S3 Repository Requestor Pays Option (--repo-s3-requester-pays)
S3 repository requester pays.
Enables S3 requester pays.

    default: n
    example: --no-repo1-s3-requester-pays

S3 Repository Role Option (--repo-s3-role)
S3 repository role.
The AWS role name (not the full ARN) used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=auto.

    example: --repo1-s3-role=authrole

S3 Repository Service Option (--repo-s3-service)
S3 signing service.
The S3 signing service used in SigV4 authentication. Defaults to s3 for standard S3 endpoints. Set to s3-outposts when using an S3 Outposts endpoint.

    default: s3
    example: --repo1-s3-service=s3-outposts

S3 Repository STS Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-sts-host)
S3 repository STS endpoint.
The STS endpoint used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=web-id is configured. Set to a regional endpoint (e.g. sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com) to use regional STS, which may be required for GovCloud, China regions, or to reduce latency.

    default: sts.amazonaws.com
    example: --repo1-s3-sts-host=sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository URI Style Option (--repo-s3-uri-style)
S3 URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to bucket.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend bucket to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-s3-uri-style=path

SFTP Repository Host Option (--repo-sftp-host)
SFTP repository host.
The SFTP host containing the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host=sftprepo.domain

SFTP Repository Host Fingerprint Option (--repo-sftp-host-fingerprint)
SFTP repository host fingerprint.
SFTP repository host fingerprint generation should match the repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type. Generate the fingerprint via awk '{print $2}' ssh_host_xxx_key.pub | base64 -d | (md5sum or sha1sum) -b. The ssh host keys are normally found in the /etc/ssh directory.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-fingerprint=f84e172dfead7aeeeae6c1fdfb5aa8cf

SFTP Host Key Check Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-check-type)
SFTP host key check type.
The following SFTP host key check types are supported:

- strict - pgBackRest will never automatically add host keys to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and refuses to connect to hosts whose host key has changed or is not found in the known hosts files. This option forces the user to manually add all new hosts.
- accept-new - pgBackRest will automatically add new host keys to the user's known hosts file, but will not permit connections to hosts with changed host keys.
- fingerprint - pgBackRest will check the host key against the fingerprint specified by the repo-sftp-host-fingerprint option.
- none - no host key checking will be performed.

    default: strict
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-check-type=accept-new

SFTP Repository Host Key Hash Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type)
SFTP repository host key hash type.
SFTP repository host key hash type. Declares the hash type to be used to compute the digest of the remote system's host key on SSH startup. Newer versions of libssh2 support sha256 in addition to md5 and sha1.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha256

SFTP Repository Host Port Option (--repo-sftp-host-port)
SFTP repository host port.
SFTP repository host port.

    default: 22
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-port=22

SFTP Repository Host User Option (--repo-sftp-host-user)
SFTP repository host user.
User on the host used to store the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-user=pg-backup

SFTP Known Hosts File Option (--repo-sftp-known-host)
SFTP known hosts file.
A known hosts file to search for an SFTP host match during authentication. When unspecified, pgBackRest will default to searching ~/.ssh/known_hosts, ~/.ssh/known_hosts2, /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, and /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2. If configured with one or more file paths, pgBackRest will search those for a match. File paths must be full or leading tilde paths. The repo-sftp-known-host option can be passed multiple times to specify more than one known hosts file to search. To utilize known hosts file checking repo-sftp-host-fingerprint must not be specified. See also repo-sftp-host-check-type option.

    example: --repo1-sftp-known-host=/home/postgres/.ssh/known_hosts

SFTP Repository Private Key File Option (--repo-sftp-private-key-file)
SFTP private key file.
SFTP private key file used for authentication.

    example: --repo1-sftp-private-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519

SFTP Repository Public Key File Option (--repo-sftp-public-key-file)
SFTP public key file.
SFTP public key file used for authentication. Optional if compiled against OpenSSL, required if compiled against a different library.

    example: --repo1-sftp-public-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Repository Storage CA File Option (--repo-storage-ca-file)
Repository storage CA file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-file, repo-s3-ca-file
Repository Storage TLS CA Path Option (--repo-storage-ca-path)
Repository storage CA path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-path, repo-s3-ca-path
Repository Storage Host Option (--repo-storage-host)
Repository storage host.
Connect to a host other than the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint. This is typically used for testing.

    example: --repo1-storage-host=127.0.0.1

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-host, repo-s3-host
Repository Storage Port Option (--repo-storage-port)
Repository storage port.
Port to use when connecting to the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint (or host if specified).

    default: 443
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-storage-port=9000

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-port, repo-s3-port
Repository Storage Tag Option (--repo-storage-tag)
Repository storage tag(s).
Specify tags that will be added to objects when the repository is an object store (e.g. S3). The option can be repeated to add multiple tags.
There is no provision in pgBackRest to modify these tags so be sure to set them correctly before running stanza-create to ensure uniform tags across the entire repository.

    example: --repo1-storage-tag=key1=value1

Repository Storage Upload Chunk Size Option (--repo-storage-upload-chunk-size)
Repository storage upload chunk size.
Object stores such as S3 allow files to be uploaded in chunks when the file is too large to be stored in memory. Even if the file can be stored in memory, it is more memory efficient to limit the amount of memory used for uploads.
A larger chunk size will generally lead to better performance because it will minimize upload requests and allow more files to be uploaded in a single request rather than in chunks. The disadvantage is that memory usage will be higher and because the chunk buffer must be allocated per process, larger process-max values will lead to more memory being consumed overall.
Note that valid chunk sizes vary by storage type and by platform. For example, AWS S3 has a minimum chunk size of 5MiB. Terminology for chunk size varies by storage type, so when searching min/max values use part size for AWS S3, chunk size for GCS, and block size for Azure.
If a file is larger than 1GiB (the maximum size PostgreSQL will create by default) then the chunk size will be increased incrementally up to the maximum allowed in order to complete the file upload.

    default (depending on repo-type):
        azure - 4MiB
        gcs - 4MiB
        s3 - 5MiB

    allow range (depending on repo-type):
        azure - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        gcs - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        s3 - [5MiB, 1GiB]

    example: --repo1-storage-upload-chunk-size=16MiB

Repository Storage Certificate Verify Option (--repo-storage-verify-tls)
Repository storage certificate verify.
This option provides the ability to enable/disable verification of the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) server TLS certificate. Disabling should only be used for testing or other scenarios where a certificate has been self-signed.

    default: y
    example: --no-repo1-storage-verify-tls

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-verify-tls, repo-s3-verify-ssl, repo-s3-verify-tls
Target Time for Repository Option (--repo-target-time)
Target time for repository.
The target time defines the time that commands use to read a repository on versioned storage. This allows the command to read the repository as it was at a point-in-time in order to recover data that has been deleted or corrupted by user accident or malware.
Versioned storage is supported by S3, GCS, and Azure but is generally not enabled by default. In addition to enabling versioning, it may be useful to enable object locking for S3 and soft delete for GCS or Azure.
When the repo-target-time option is specified then the repo option must also be provided. It is likely that not all repository types will support versioning and in general it makes sense to target a single repository for recovery.
Note that comparisons to the storage timestamp are <= the timestamp provided and milliseconds are truncated from the timestamp when provided.

    example: --repo-target-time=2024-08-08 12:12:12+00

Repository Type Option (--repo-type)
Type of storage used for the repository.
The following repository types are supported:

- azure - Azure Blob Storage Service
- cifs - Like posix, but disables links and directory fsyncs
- gcs - Google Cloud Storage
- posix - Posix-compliant file systems
- s3 - AWS Simple Storage Service
- sftp - Secure File Transfer Protocol

When an NFS mount is used as a posix repository, the same rules apply to pgBackRest as described in the PostgreSQL documentation: Creating a Database Cluster - File Systems.

    default: posix
    example: --repo1-type=cifs

Repository List Command (repo-ls)
Similar to the unix ls command but works on any supported repository type. This command accepts a path, absolute or relative to the repository path defined by the --repo-path option, and is primarily for administration, investigation, and testing. It is not a required part of a normal pgBackRest setup.
The default text output prints one file name per line. JSON output is available by specifying --output=json.
If more than one repository is configured, the command will default to the highest priority repository (e.g. repo1) unless the --repo option is specified.
Command Options
Filter Output Option (--filter)
Filter output with a regular expression.
The filter is applied against the file/path names before they are output.

    example: --filter="(F|D|I)$"

Output Option (--output)
Output format.
The following output types are supported:

- text - Simple list with one file/link/path name on each line.
- json - Detailed file/link/path information in JSON format.

In JSON format the available fields are:

- name - file/link/path name (and partial path when recursing).
- type - file, path, or link.
- size - size in bytes (files only).
- time - time last modified (files only).
- destination - link destination (links only).

    default: text
    example: --output=json

Recurse Subpaths Option (--recurse)
Include all subpaths in output.
All subpaths and their files will be included in the output.

    default: n
    example: --recurse

Sort Output Option (--sort)
Sort output ascending, descending, or none.
The following sort types are supported:

- asc - sort ascending.
- desc - sort descending.
- none - no sorting.

    default: asc
    example: --sort=desc

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Buffer Size Option (--buffer-size)
Buffer size for I/O operations.
Buffer size used for copy, compress, encrypt, and other operations. The number of buffers used depends on options and each operation may use additional memory, e.g. gz compression may use an additional 256KiB of memory.
Allowed values are 16KiB, 32KiB, 64KiB, 128KiB, 256KiB, 512KiB, 1MiB, 2MiB, 4MiB, 8MiB, and 16MiB.

    default: 1MiB
    example: --buffer-size=2MiB

SSH Client Command Option (--cmd-ssh)
SSH client command.
Use a specific SSH client command when an alternate is desired or the ssh command is not in $PATH.

    default: ssh
    example: --cmd-ssh=/usr/bin/ssh

Network Compress Level Option (--compress-level-network)
Network compression level.
Sets the network compression level when compress-type=none and the command is not run on the same host as the repository. Compression is used to reduce network traffic. When compress-type does not equal none the compress-level-network setting is ignored and compress-level is used instead so that the file is only compressed once.

    default: 1
    allowed: [-5, 12]
    example: --compress-level-network=1

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

I/O Timeout Option (--io-timeout)
I/O timeout.
Timeout, in seconds, used for connections and read/write operations.
Note that the entire read/write operation does not need to complete within this timeout but some progress must be made, even if it is only a single byte.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1h]
    example: --io-timeout=120

Neutral Umask Option (--neutral-umask)
Use a neutral umask.
Sets the umask to 0000 so modes in the repository are created in a sensible way. The default directory mode is 0750 and default file mode is 0640.
To use the executing user's umask instead specify neutral-umask=n in the config file or --no-neutral-umask on the command line.

    default: y
    example: --no-neutral-umask

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Protocol Timeout Option (--protocol-timeout)
Protocol timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, that the local or remote process will wait for a new message to be received on the protocol layer. This prevents processes from waiting indefinitely for a message.
NOTE:
The protocol-timeout option must be greater than the db-timeout option.

    default: 31m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --protocol-timeout=630

Keep Alive Option (--sck-keep-alive)
Keep-alive enable.
Enables keep-alive messages on socket connections.

    default: y
    example: --no-sck-keep-alive

Keep Alive Count Option (--tcp-keep-alive-count)
Keep-alive count.
Specifies the number of TCP keep-alive messages that can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.

    allowed: [1, 32]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-count=3

Keep Alive Idle Option (--tcp-keep-alive-idle)
Keep-alive idle time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) with no network activity after which the operating system should send a TCP keep-alive message.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option.

    allowed: [1, 3600]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-idle=60

Keep Alive Interval Option (--tcp-keep-alive-interval)
Keep-alive interval time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) after which a TCP keep-alive message that has not been acknowledged should be retransmitted.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.

    allowed: [1, 900]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-interval=30

TLSv1.2 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-12)
Allowed TLSv1.2 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. The example is reasonable choice unless you have specific security requirements. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-12=HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL

TLSv1.3 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-13)
Allowed TLSv1.3 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-13=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Subprocesses Option (--log-subprocess)
Enable logging in subprocesses.
Enable file logging for any subprocesses created by this process using the log level specified by log-level-file.

    default: n
    example: --log-subprocess

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Repository Options
Set Repository Option (--repo)
Set repository.
Set the repository for a command to operate on.
For example, this option may be used to perform a restore from a specific repository, rather than letting pgBackRest choose.

    allowed: [1, 256]
    example: --repo=1

Azure Repository Container Option (--repo-azure-container)
Azure repository container.
Azure container used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the container root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other Azure-generated content can also be stored in the container.

    example: --repo1-azure-container=pg-backup

Azure Repository Key Type Option (--repo-azure-key-type)
Azure repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- shared - Shared key
- sas - Shared access signature
- auto - Automatically authorize using Azure managed identities

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-azure-key-type=sas

Azure Repository URI Style Option (--repo-azure-uri-style)
Azure URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to account.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend account to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-azure-uri-style=path

Repository Cipher Type Option (--repo-cipher-type)
Cipher used to encrypt the repository.
The following cipher types are supported:

- none - The repository is not encrypted
- aes-256-cbc - Advanced Encryption Standard with 256 bit key length

Note that encryption is always performed client-side even if the repository type (e.g. S3) supports encryption.

    default: none
    example: --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

GCS Repository Bucket Option (--repo-gcs-bucket)
GCS repository bucket.
GCS bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other GCS-generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-gcs-bucket=/pg-backup

GCS Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-gcs-endpoint)
GCS repository endpoint.
Endpoint used to connect to the storage service. May be updated to use a local GCS server or alternate endpoint.

    default: storage.googleapis.com
    example: --repo1-gcs-endpoint=localhost

GCS Repository Key Type Option (--repo-gcs-key-type)
GCS repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- auto - Authorize using the instance service account.
- service - Service account from locally stored key.
- token - For local testing, e.g. fakegcs.

When repo-gcs-key-type=service the credentials will be reloaded when the authentication token is renewed.

    default: service
    example: --repo1-gcs-key-type=auto

GCS Repository Project ID Option (--repo-gcs-user-project)
GCS project ID.
GCS project ID used to determine request billing.

    example: --repo1-gcs-user-project=my-project

Repository Host Option (--repo-host)
Repository host when operating remotely.
When backing up and archiving to a locally mounted filesystem this setting is not required.

    example: --repo1-host=repo1.domain.com

Deprecated Name: backup-host
Repository Host Certificate Authority File Option (--repo-host-ca-file)
Repository host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Repository Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--repo-host-ca-path)
Repository host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Repository Host Certificate File Option (--repo-host-cert-file)
Repository host certificate file.
Sent to repository host to prove client identity.

    example: --repo1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

Repository Host Command Option (--repo-host-cmd)
Repository host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and repository hosts. If not defined, the repository host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --repo1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: backup-cmd
Repository Host Configuration Option (--repo-host-config)
pgBackRest repository host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --repo1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: backup-config
Repository Host Configuration Include Path Option (--repo-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Repository Host Configuration Path Option (--repo-host-config-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Repository Host Key File Option (--repo-host-key-file)
Repository host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --repo1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

Repository Host Port Option (--repo-host-port)
Repository host port when repo-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the repository host protocol.
NOTE:
When repo-host-type=ssh there is no default for repo-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on repo-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --repo1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: backup-ssh-port
Repository Host Protocol Type Option (--repo-host-type)
Repository host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --repo1-host-type=tls

Repository Host User Option (--repo-host-user)
Repository host user when repo-host is set.
Defines the user that will be used for operations on the repository host. Preferably this is not the postgres user but rather some other user like pgbackrest. If PostgreSQL runs on the repository host the postgres user can be placed in the pgbackrest group so it has read permissions on the repository without being able to damage the contents accidentally.

    default: pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-host-user=repo-user

Deprecated Name: backup-user
Repository Path Option (--repo-path)
Path where backups and archive are stored.
The repository is where pgBackRest stores backups and archives WAL segments.
It may be difficult to estimate in advance how much space you'll need. The best thing to do is take some backups then record the size of different types of backups (full/incr/diff) and measure the amount of WAL generated per day. This will give you a general idea of how much space you'll need, though of course requirements will likely change over time as your database evolves.

    default: /var/lib/pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-path=/backup/db/backrest

S3 Repository Bucket Option (--repo-s3-bucket)
S3 repository bucket.
S3 bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other AWS generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-s3-bucket=pg-backup

S3 Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-endpoint)
S3 repository endpoint.
The AWS endpoint should be valid for the selected region.
For custom/test configurations the repo-storage-ca-file, repo-storage-ca-path, repo-storage-host, repo-storage-port, and repo-storage-verify-tls options may be useful.

    example: --repo1-s3-endpoint=s3.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository Key Type Option (--repo-s3-key-type)
S3 repository key type.
The following types are supported:

- shared - Shared keys
- auto - Automatically retrieve temporary credentials
- web-id - Automatically retrieve web identity credentials
- pod-id - Automatically retrieve EKS pod identity credentials
- process - Retrieve credentials by executing a process

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-s3-key-type=auto

S3 Repository KMS Key ID Option (--repo-s3-kms-key-id)
S3 repository KMS key.
Enables S3 server-side encryption using the specified AWS key management service key.

    example: --repo1-s3-kms-key-id=bceb4f13-6939-4be3-910d-df54dee817b7

S3 Authentication Process Command Option (--repo-s3-process-cmd)
S3 authentication process command.
Command (and optional arguments) to execute for retrieving temporary S3 credentials. The first list entry is the command and the remaining entries are passed as parameters.
The process must output JSON containing AccessKeyId, SecretAccessKey, SessionToken, and Expiration fields. Credentials will be automatically refreshed before the expiration time. See Process Credential Provider for format details.

    example: --repo1-s3-process-cmd=/usr/local/bin/get-credentials --repo1-s3-process-cmd=--role --repo1-s3-process-cmd=my-role

S3 Repository Region Option (--repo-s3-region)
S3 repository region.
The AWS region where the bucket was created.

    example: --repo1-s3-region=us-east-1

S3 Repository Requestor Pays Option (--repo-s3-requester-pays)
S3 repository requester pays.
Enables S3 requester pays.

    default: n
    example: --no-repo1-s3-requester-pays

S3 Repository Role Option (--repo-s3-role)
S3 repository role.
The AWS role name (not the full ARN) used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=auto.

    example: --repo1-s3-role=authrole

S3 Repository Service Option (--repo-s3-service)
S3 signing service.
The S3 signing service used in SigV4 authentication. Defaults to s3 for standard S3 endpoints. Set to s3-outposts when using an S3 Outposts endpoint.

    default: s3
    example: --repo1-s3-service=s3-outposts

S3 Repository STS Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-sts-host)
S3 repository STS endpoint.
The STS endpoint used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=web-id is configured. Set to a regional endpoint (e.g. sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com) to use regional STS, which may be required for GovCloud, China regions, or to reduce latency.

    default: sts.amazonaws.com
    example: --repo1-s3-sts-host=sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository URI Style Option (--repo-s3-uri-style)
S3 URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to bucket.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend bucket to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-s3-uri-style=path

SFTP Repository Host Option (--repo-sftp-host)
SFTP repository host.
The SFTP host containing the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host=sftprepo.domain

SFTP Repository Host Fingerprint Option (--repo-sftp-host-fingerprint)
SFTP repository host fingerprint.
SFTP repository host fingerprint generation should match the repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type. Generate the fingerprint via awk '{print $2}' ssh_host_xxx_key.pub | base64 -d | (md5sum or sha1sum) -b. The ssh host keys are normally found in the /etc/ssh directory.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-fingerprint=f84e172dfead7aeeeae6c1fdfb5aa8cf

SFTP Host Key Check Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-check-type)
SFTP host key check type.
The following SFTP host key check types are supported:

- strict - pgBackRest will never automatically add host keys to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and refuses to connect to hosts whose host key has changed or is not found in the known hosts files. This option forces the user to manually add all new hosts.
- accept-new - pgBackRest will automatically add new host keys to the user's known hosts file, but will not permit connections to hosts with changed host keys.
- fingerprint - pgBackRest will check the host key against the fingerprint specified by the repo-sftp-host-fingerprint option.
- none - no host key checking will be performed.

    default: strict
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-check-type=accept-new

SFTP Repository Host Key Hash Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type)
SFTP repository host key hash type.
SFTP repository host key hash type. Declares the hash type to be used to compute the digest of the remote system's host key on SSH startup. Newer versions of libssh2 support sha256 in addition to md5 and sha1.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha256

SFTP Repository Host Port Option (--repo-sftp-host-port)
SFTP repository host port.
SFTP repository host port.

    default: 22
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-port=22

SFTP Repository Host User Option (--repo-sftp-host-user)
SFTP repository host user.
User on the host used to store the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-user=pg-backup

SFTP Known Hosts File Option (--repo-sftp-known-host)
SFTP known hosts file.
A known hosts file to search for an SFTP host match during authentication. When unspecified, pgBackRest will default to searching ~/.ssh/known_hosts, ~/.ssh/known_hosts2, /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, and /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2. If configured with one or more file paths, pgBackRest will search those for a match. File paths must be full or leading tilde paths. The repo-sftp-known-host option can be passed multiple times to specify more than one known hosts file to search. To utilize known hosts file checking repo-sftp-host-fingerprint must not be specified. See also repo-sftp-host-check-type option.

    example: --repo1-sftp-known-host=/home/postgres/.ssh/known_hosts

SFTP Repository Private Key File Option (--repo-sftp-private-key-file)
SFTP private key file.
SFTP private key file used for authentication.

    example: --repo1-sftp-private-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519

SFTP Repository Public Key File Option (--repo-sftp-public-key-file)
SFTP public key file.
SFTP public key file used for authentication. Optional if compiled against OpenSSL, required if compiled against a different library.

    example: --repo1-sftp-public-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Repository Storage CA File Option (--repo-storage-ca-file)
Repository storage CA file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-file, repo-s3-ca-file
Repository Storage TLS CA Path Option (--repo-storage-ca-path)
Repository storage CA path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-path, repo-s3-ca-path
Repository Storage Host Option (--repo-storage-host)
Repository storage host.
Connect to a host other than the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint. This is typically used for testing.

    example: --repo1-storage-host=127.0.0.1

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-host, repo-s3-host
Repository Storage Port Option (--repo-storage-port)
Repository storage port.
Port to use when connecting to the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint (or host if specified).

    default: 443
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-storage-port=9000

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-port, repo-s3-port
Repository Storage Tag Option (--repo-storage-tag)
Repository storage tag(s).
Specify tags that will be added to objects when the repository is an object store (e.g. S3). The option can be repeated to add multiple tags.
There is no provision in pgBackRest to modify these tags so be sure to set them correctly before running stanza-create to ensure uniform tags across the entire repository.

    example: --repo1-storage-tag=key1=value1

Repository Storage Upload Chunk Size Option (--repo-storage-upload-chunk-size)
Repository storage upload chunk size.
Object stores such as S3 allow files to be uploaded in chunks when the file is too large to be stored in memory. Even if the file can be stored in memory, it is more memory efficient to limit the amount of memory used for uploads.
A larger chunk size will generally lead to better performance because it will minimize upload requests and allow more files to be uploaded in a single request rather than in chunks. The disadvantage is that memory usage will be higher and because the chunk buffer must be allocated per process, larger process-max values will lead to more memory being consumed overall.
Note that valid chunk sizes vary by storage type and by platform. For example, AWS S3 has a minimum chunk size of 5MiB. Terminology for chunk size varies by storage type, so when searching min/max values use part size for AWS S3, chunk size for GCS, and block size for Azure.
If a file is larger than 1GiB (the maximum size PostgreSQL will create by default) then the chunk size will be increased incrementally up to the maximum allowed in order to complete the file upload.

    default (depending on repo-type):
        azure - 4MiB
        gcs - 4MiB
        s3 - 5MiB

    allow range (depending on repo-type):
        azure - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        gcs - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        s3 - [5MiB, 1GiB]

    example: --repo1-storage-upload-chunk-size=16MiB

Repository Storage Certificate Verify Option (--repo-storage-verify-tls)
Repository storage certificate verify.
This option provides the ability to enable/disable verification of the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) server TLS certificate. Disabling should only be used for testing or other scenarios where a certificate has been self-signed.

    default: y
    example: --no-repo1-storage-verify-tls

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-verify-tls, repo-s3-verify-ssl, repo-s3-verify-tls
Target Time for Repository Option (--repo-target-time)
Target time for repository.
The target time defines the time that commands use to read a repository on versioned storage. This allows the command to read the repository as it was at a point-in-time in order to recover data that has been deleted or corrupted by user accident or malware.
Versioned storage is supported by S3, GCS, and Azure but is generally not enabled by default. In addition to enabling versioning, it may be useful to enable object locking for S3 and soft delete for GCS or Azure.
When the repo-target-time option is specified then the repo option must also be provided. It is likely that not all repository types will support versioning and in general it makes sense to target a single repository for recovery.
Note that comparisons to the storage timestamp are <= the timestamp provided and milliseconds are truncated from the timestamp when provided.

    example: --repo-target-time=2024-08-08 12:12:12+00

Repository Type Option (--repo-type)
Type of storage used for the repository.
The following repository types are supported:

- azure - Azure Blob Storage Service
- cifs - Like posix, but disables links and directory fsyncs
- gcs - Google Cloud Storage
- posix - Posix-compliant file systems
- s3 - AWS Simple Storage Service
- sftp - Secure File Transfer Protocol

When an NFS mount is used as a posix repository, the same rules apply to pgBackRest as described in the PostgreSQL documentation: Creating a Database Cluster - File Systems.

    default: posix
    example: --repo1-type=cifs

Restore Command (restore)
The restore command automatically defaults to selecting the latest backup from the first repository where backups exist (see Quick Start - Restore a Backup). The order in which the repositories are checked is dictated by the pgbackrest.conf (e.g. repo1 will be checked before repo2). To select from a specific repository, the --repo option can be passed (e.g. --repo=1). The --set option can be passed if a backup other than the latest is desired.
When PITR of --type=time or --type=lsn is specified, then the target time or target lsn must be specified with the --target option. If a backup is not specified via the --set option, then the configured repositories will be checked, in order, for a backup that contains the requested time or lsn. If no matching backup is found, the latest backup from the first repository containing backups will be used for --type=time while no backup will be selected for --type=lsn. For other types of PITR, e.g. xid, the --set option must be provided if the target is prior to the latest backup. See Point-in-Time Recovery for more details and examples.
Replication slots are not included per recommendation of PostgreSQL. See Backing Up The Data Directory in the PostgreSQL documentation for more information.
Command Options
Archive Mode Option (--archive-mode)
Preserve or disable archiving on restored cluster.
This option allows archiving to be preserved or disabled on a restored cluster. This is useful when the cluster must be promoted to do some work but is not intended to become the new primary. In this case it is not a good idea to push WAL from the cluster into the repository.
The following modes are supported:

- off - disable archiving by setting archive_mode=off.
- preserve - preserve current archive_mode setting.

NOTE: This option is not available on PostgreSQL < 12.

    default: preserve
    example: --archive-mode=off

Exclude Database Option (--db-exclude)
Restore excluding the specified databases.
Databases excluded will be restored as sparse, zeroed files to save space but still allow PostgreSQL to perform recovery. After recovery, those databases will not be accessible but can be removed with the drop database command. The --db-exclude option can be passed multiple times to specify more than one database to exclude.
When used in combination with the --db-include option, --db-exclude will only apply to standard system databases (template0, template1, and postgres).

    example: --db-exclude=db_main

Include Database Option (--db-include)
Restore only specified databases.
This feature allows only selected databases to be restored. Databases not specifically included will be restored as sparse, zeroed files to save space but still allow PostgreSQL to perform recovery. After recovery, the databases that were not included will not be accessible but can be removed with the drop database command.
NOTE:
built-in databases (template0, template1, and postgres) are always restored unless specifically excluded.
The --db-include option can be passed multiple times to specify more than one database to include.
See Restore Selected Databases for additional information and caveats.

    example: --db-include=db_main

Force Option (--force)
Force a restore.
By itself this option forces the PostgreSQL data and tablespace paths to be completely overwritten. In combination with --delta a timestamp/size delta will be performed instead of using checksums.

    default: n
    example: --force

Link All Option (--link-all)
Restore all symlinks.
By default symlinked directories and files are restored as normal directories and files in $PGDATA. This is because it may not be safe to restore symlinks to their original destinations on a system other than where the original backup was performed. This option restores all the symlinks just as they were on the original system where the backup was performed.

    default: n
    example: --link-all

Link Map Option (--link-map)
Modify the destination of a symlink.
Allows the destination file or path of a symlink to be changed on restore. This is useful for restoring to systems that have a different storage layout than the original system where the backup was generated.

    example: --link-map=pg_xlog=/data/xlog

Recovery Option Option (--recovery-option)
Set an option in postgresql.auto.conf or recovery.conf.
See Server Configuration for details on postgresql.auto.conf or recovery.conf options (be sure to select your PostgreSQL version). This option can be used multiple times.
For PostgreSQL >= 12, options will be written into postgresql.auto.conf. For all other versions, options will be written into recovery.conf.
NOTE:
The restore_command option will be automatically generated but can be overridden with this option. Be careful about specifying your own restore_command as pgBackRest is designed to handle this for you. Target Recovery options (recovery_target_name, recovery_target_time, etc.) are generated automatically by pgBackRest and should not be set with this option.
Since pgBackRest does not start PostgreSQL after writing the postgresql.auto.conf or recovery.conf file, it is always possible to edit/check postgresql.auto.conf or recovery.conf before manually restarting.

    example: --recovery-option=primary_conninfo=db.mydomain.com

Set Option (--set)
Backup set to restore.
The backup set to be restored. latest will restore the latest backup, otherwise provide the name of the backup to restore.

    default: latest
    example: --set=20150131-153358F_20150131-153401I

Tablespace Map Option (--tablespace-map)
Restore a tablespace into the specified directory.
Moves a tablespace to a new location during the restore. This is useful when tablespace locations are not the same on a replica, or an upgraded system has different mount points.
Tablespace locations are not stored in pg_tablespace so moving tablespaces can be done with impunity. However, moving a tablespace to the data_directory is not recommended and may cause problems. For more information on moving tablespaces http://www.databasesoup.com/2013/11/moving-tablespaces.html is a good resource.

    example: --tablespace-map=ts_01=/db/ts_01

Map All Tablespaces Option (--tablespace-map-all)
Restore all tablespaces into the specified directory.
Tablespaces are restored into their original locations by default. This behavior can be modified for each tablespace with the tablespace-map option, but it is sometimes preferable to remap all tablespaces to a new directory all at once. This is particularly useful for development or staging systems that may not have the same storage layout as the original system where the backup was generated.
The path specified will be the parent path used to create all the tablespaces in the backup.
CAUTION:
Tablespaces created after the backup started will not be mapped. Make a new backup after a tablespace is created if tablespace mapping is required.

    example: --tablespace-map-all=/data/tablespace

Target Option (--target)
Recovery target.
Defines the recovery target when --type is lsn, name, xid, or time. If the target is prior to the latest backup and --type is not time or lsn, then use the --set option to specify the backup set.

    example: --target=2015-01-30 14:15:11 EST

Target Action Option (--target-action)
Action to take when recovery target is reached.
When hot_standby=on, the default since PostgreSQL 10, this option consistently controls what the cluster does when the target is reached or there is no more WAL in the archive.
When hot_standby=off in PostgreSQL >= 12, pause acts like shutdown. When hot_standby=off in PostgreSQL < 12, pause acts like promote.
The following actions are supported:

- pause - pause when recovery target is reached.
- promote - promote and switch timeline when recovery target is reached.
- shutdown - shutdown server when recovery target is reached. (PostgreSQL >= 9.5)

    default: pause
    example: --target-action=promote

Target Exclusive Option (--target-exclusive)
Stop just before the recovery target is reached.
Defines whether recovery to the target would be exclusive (the default is inclusive) and is only valid when --type is lsn, time or xid. For example, using --target-exclusive would exclude the contents of transaction 1007 when --type=xid and --target=1007. See the recovery_target_inclusive option in the PostgreSQL docs for more information.

    default: n
    example: --no-target-exclusive

Target Timeline Option (--target-timeline)
Recover along a timeline.
See recovery_target_timeline in the PostgreSQL docs for more information.

    example: --target-timeline=3

Type Option (--type)
Recovery type.
The following recovery types are supported:

- default - recover to the end of the archive stream.
- immediate - recover only until the database becomes consistent.
- lsn - recover to the LSN (Log Sequence Number) specified in --target. This option is only supported on PostgreSQL >= 10.
- name - recover the restore point specified in --target.
- xid - recover to the transaction id specified in --target.
- time - recover to the time specified in --target.
- preserve - preserve the existing postgresql.auto.conf or recovery.conf file.
- standby - add standby_mode=on to the postgresql.auto.conf or recovery.conf file so cluster will start in standby mode.
- none - no postgresql.auto.conf or recovery.conf file is written so PostgreSQL will attempt to achieve consistency using WAL segments present in pg_xlog/pg_wal. Provide the required WAL segments or use the archive-copy setting to include them with the backup.

WARNING:
Recovery type=none should be avoided because the timeline will not be incremented at the end of recovery. This can lead to, for example, PostgreSQL attempting to archive duplicate WAL, which will be rejected, and may cause the disk to fill up and result in a PostgreSQL panic. In addition, tools like pg_rewind may not work correctly or may cause corruption.
Note that the default restore type for offline backups is none since Point-in-Time-Recovery is not possible if wal_level=minimal. If type is set explicitly then it will be honored since Point-in-Time-Recovery is possible from offline backups as long as wal_level > minimal.

    default: default
    example: --type=xid

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: y
    example: --allow-root

Buffer Size Option (--buffer-size)
Buffer size for I/O operations.
Buffer size used for copy, compress, encrypt, and other operations. The number of buffers used depends on options and each operation may use additional memory, e.g. gz compression may use an additional 256KiB of memory.
Allowed values are 16KiB, 32KiB, 64KiB, 128KiB, 256KiB, 512KiB, 1MiB, 2MiB, 4MiB, 8MiB, and 16MiB.

    default: 1MiB
    example: --buffer-size=2MiB

pgBackRest Command Option (--cmd)
pgBackRest command.
pgBackRest may generate a command string, e.g. when the restore command generates the restore_command setting. The command used to run the pgBackRest process will be used in this case unless the cmd option is provided.
CAUTION:
Wrapping the pgBackRest command may cause unpredictable behavior and is not recommended.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --cmd=/var/lib/pgsql/bin/pgbackrest_wrapper.sh

SSH Client Command Option (--cmd-ssh)
SSH client command.
Use a specific SSH client command when an alternate is desired or the ssh command is not in $PATH.

    default: ssh
    example: --cmd-ssh=/usr/bin/ssh

Network Compress Level Option (--compress-level-network)
Network compression level.
Sets the network compression level when compress-type=none and the command is not run on the same host as the repository. Compression is used to reduce network traffic. When compress-type does not equal none the compress-level-network setting is ignored and compress-level is used instead so that the file is only compressed once.

    default: 1
    allowed: [-5, 12]
    example: --compress-level-network=1

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Delta Option (--delta)
Restore or backup using checksums.
During a restore, by default the PostgreSQL data and tablespace directories are expected to be present but empty. This option performs a delta restore using checksums.
During a backup, this option will use checksums instead of the timestamps to determine if files will be copied.

    default: n
    example: --delta

I/O Timeout Option (--io-timeout)
I/O timeout.
Timeout, in seconds, used for connections and read/write operations.
Note that the entire read/write operation does not need to complete within this timeout but some progress must be made, even if it is only a single byte.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1h]
    example: --io-timeout=120

Lock Path Option (--lock-path)
Path where lock files are stored.
The lock path provides a location for pgBackRest to create lock files to prevent conflicting operations from being run concurrently.

    default: /tmp/pgbackrest
    example: --lock-path=/backup/db/lock

Neutral Umask Option (--neutral-umask)
Use a neutral umask.
Sets the umask to 0000 so modes in the repository are created in a sensible way. The default directory mode is 0750 and default file mode is 0640.
To use the executing user's umask instead specify neutral-umask=n in the config file or --no-neutral-umask on the command line.

    default: y
    example: --no-neutral-umask

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Process Maximum Option (--process-max)
Max processes to use for compress/transfer.
Each process will perform compression and transfer to make the command run faster, but don't set process-max so high that it impacts database performance.

    default: 1
    allowed: [1, 999]
    example: --process-max=4

Protocol Timeout Option (--protocol-timeout)
Protocol timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, that the local or remote process will wait for a new message to be received on the protocol layer. This prevents processes from waiting indefinitely for a message.
NOTE:
The protocol-timeout option must be greater than the db-timeout option.

    default: 31m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --protocol-timeout=630

Keep Alive Option (--sck-keep-alive)
Keep-alive enable.
Enables keep-alive messages on socket connections.

    default: y
    example: --no-sck-keep-alive

Stanza Option (--stanza)
Defines the stanza.
A stanza is the configuration for a PostgreSQL database cluster that defines where it is located, how it will be backed up, archiving options, etc. Most db servers will only have one PostgreSQL database cluster and therefore one stanza, whereas backup servers will have a stanza for every database cluster that needs to be backed up.
It is tempting to name the stanza after the primary cluster but a better name describes the databases contained in the cluster. Because the stanza name will be used for the primary and all replicas it is more appropriate to choose a name that describes the actual function of the cluster, such as app or dw, rather than the local cluster name, such as main or prod.

    example: --stanza=main

Keep Alive Count Option (--tcp-keep-alive-count)
Keep-alive count.
Specifies the number of TCP keep-alive messages that can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.

    allowed: [1, 32]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-count=3

Keep Alive Idle Option (--tcp-keep-alive-idle)
Keep-alive idle time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) with no network activity after which the operating system should send a TCP keep-alive message.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option.

    allowed: [1, 3600]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-idle=60

Keep Alive Interval Option (--tcp-keep-alive-interval)
Keep-alive interval time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) after which a TCP keep-alive message that has not been acknowledged should be retransmitted.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.

    allowed: [1, 900]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-interval=30

TLSv1.2 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-12)
Allowed TLSv1.2 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. The example is reasonable choice unless you have specific security requirements. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-12=HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL

TLSv1.3 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-13)
Allowed TLSv1.3 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-13=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Subprocesses Option (--log-subprocess)
Enable logging in subprocesses.
Enable file logging for any subprocesses created by this process using the log level specified by log-level-file.

    default: n
    example: --log-subprocess

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Maintainer Options
Force PostgreSQL Version Option (--pg-version-force)
Force PostgreSQL version.
The specified PostgreSQL version will be used instead of the version automatically detected by reading pg_control or WAL headers. This is mainly useful for PostgreSQL forks or development versions where those values are different from the release version. The version reported by PostgreSQL via `server_version_num` must match the forced version.
WARNING:
Be cautious when using this option because pg_control and WAL headers will still be read with the expected format for the specified version, i.e. the format from the official open-source version of PostgreSQL. If the fork or development version changes the format of the fields that pgBackRest depends on it will lead to unexpected behavior. In general, this option will only work as expected if the fork adds all custom struct members after the standard PostgreSQL members.

    example: --pg-version-force=15

Repository Options
Set Repository Option (--repo)
Set repository.
Set the repository for a command to operate on.
For example, this option may be used to perform a restore from a specific repository, rather than letting pgBackRest choose.

    allowed: [1, 256]
    example: --repo=1

Azure Repository Container Option (--repo-azure-container)
Azure repository container.
Azure container used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the container root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other Azure-generated content can also be stored in the container.

    example: --repo1-azure-container=pg-backup

Azure Repository Key Type Option (--repo-azure-key-type)
Azure repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- shared - Shared key
- sas - Shared access signature
- auto - Automatically authorize using Azure managed identities

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-azure-key-type=sas

Azure Repository URI Style Option (--repo-azure-uri-style)
Azure URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to account.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend account to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-azure-uri-style=path

Repository Cipher Type Option (--repo-cipher-type)
Cipher used to encrypt the repository.
The following cipher types are supported:

- none - The repository is not encrypted
- aes-256-cbc - Advanced Encryption Standard with 256 bit key length

Note that encryption is always performed client-side even if the repository type (e.g. S3) supports encryption.

    default: none
    example: --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

GCS Repository Bucket Option (--repo-gcs-bucket)
GCS repository bucket.
GCS bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other GCS-generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-gcs-bucket=/pg-backup

GCS Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-gcs-endpoint)
GCS repository endpoint.
Endpoint used to connect to the storage service. May be updated to use a local GCS server or alternate endpoint.

    default: storage.googleapis.com
    example: --repo1-gcs-endpoint=localhost

GCS Repository Key Type Option (--repo-gcs-key-type)
GCS repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- auto - Authorize using the instance service account.
- service - Service account from locally stored key.
- token - For local testing, e.g. fakegcs.

When repo-gcs-key-type=service the credentials will be reloaded when the authentication token is renewed.

    default: service
    example: --repo1-gcs-key-type=auto

GCS Repository Project ID Option (--repo-gcs-user-project)
GCS project ID.
GCS project ID used to determine request billing.

    example: --repo1-gcs-user-project=my-project

Repository Host Option (--repo-host)
Repository host when operating remotely.
When backing up and archiving to a locally mounted filesystem this setting is not required.

    example: --repo1-host=repo1.domain.com

Deprecated Name: backup-host
Repository Host Certificate Authority File Option (--repo-host-ca-file)
Repository host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Repository Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--repo-host-ca-path)
Repository host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Repository Host Certificate File Option (--repo-host-cert-file)
Repository host certificate file.
Sent to repository host to prove client identity.

    example: --repo1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

Repository Host Command Option (--repo-host-cmd)
Repository host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and repository hosts. If not defined, the repository host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --repo1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: backup-cmd
Repository Host Configuration Option (--repo-host-config)
pgBackRest repository host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --repo1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: backup-config
Repository Host Configuration Include Path Option (--repo-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Repository Host Configuration Path Option (--repo-host-config-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Repository Host Key File Option (--repo-host-key-file)
Repository host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --repo1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

Repository Host Port Option (--repo-host-port)
Repository host port when repo-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the repository host protocol.
NOTE:
When repo-host-type=ssh there is no default for repo-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on repo-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --repo1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: backup-ssh-port
Repository Host Protocol Type Option (--repo-host-type)
Repository host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --repo1-host-type=tls

Repository Host User Option (--repo-host-user)
Repository host user when repo-host is set.
Defines the user that will be used for operations on the repository host. Preferably this is not the postgres user but rather some other user like pgbackrest. If PostgreSQL runs on the repository host the postgres user can be placed in the pgbackrest group so it has read permissions on the repository without being able to damage the contents accidentally.

    default: pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-host-user=repo-user

Deprecated Name: backup-user
Repository Path Option (--repo-path)
Path where backups and archive are stored.
The repository is where pgBackRest stores backups and archives WAL segments.
It may be difficult to estimate in advance how much space you'll need. The best thing to do is take some backups then record the size of different types of backups (full/incr/diff) and measure the amount of WAL generated per day. This will give you a general idea of how much space you'll need, though of course requirements will likely change over time as your database evolves.

    default: /var/lib/pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-path=/backup/db/backrest

S3 Repository Bucket Option (--repo-s3-bucket)
S3 repository bucket.
S3 bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other AWS generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-s3-bucket=pg-backup

S3 Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-endpoint)
S3 repository endpoint.
The AWS endpoint should be valid for the selected region.
For custom/test configurations the repo-storage-ca-file, repo-storage-ca-path, repo-storage-host, repo-storage-port, and repo-storage-verify-tls options may be useful.

    example: --repo1-s3-endpoint=s3.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository Key Type Option (--repo-s3-key-type)
S3 repository key type.
The following types are supported:

- shared - Shared keys
- auto - Automatically retrieve temporary credentials
- web-id - Automatically retrieve web identity credentials
- pod-id - Automatically retrieve EKS pod identity credentials
- process - Retrieve credentials by executing a process

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-s3-key-type=auto

S3 Repository KMS Key ID Option (--repo-s3-kms-key-id)
S3 repository KMS key.
Enables S3 server-side encryption using the specified AWS key management service key.

    example: --repo1-s3-kms-key-id=bceb4f13-6939-4be3-910d-df54dee817b7

S3 Authentication Process Command Option (--repo-s3-process-cmd)
S3 authentication process command.
Command (and optional arguments) to execute for retrieving temporary S3 credentials. The first list entry is the command and the remaining entries are passed as parameters.
The process must output JSON containing AccessKeyId, SecretAccessKey, SessionToken, and Expiration fields. Credentials will be automatically refreshed before the expiration time. See Process Credential Provider for format details.

    example: --repo1-s3-process-cmd=/usr/local/bin/get-credentials --repo1-s3-process-cmd=--role --repo1-s3-process-cmd=my-role

S3 Repository Region Option (--repo-s3-region)
S3 repository region.
The AWS region where the bucket was created.

    example: --repo1-s3-region=us-east-1

S3 Repository Requestor Pays Option (--repo-s3-requester-pays)
S3 repository requester pays.
Enables S3 requester pays.

    default: n
    example: --no-repo1-s3-requester-pays

S3 Repository Role Option (--repo-s3-role)
S3 repository role.
The AWS role name (not the full ARN) used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=auto.

    example: --repo1-s3-role=authrole

S3 Repository Service Option (--repo-s3-service)
S3 signing service.
The S3 signing service used in SigV4 authentication. Defaults to s3 for standard S3 endpoints. Set to s3-outposts when using an S3 Outposts endpoint.

    default: s3
    example: --repo1-s3-service=s3-outposts

S3 Repository STS Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-sts-host)
S3 repository STS endpoint.
The STS endpoint used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=web-id is configured. Set to a regional endpoint (e.g. sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com) to use regional STS, which may be required for GovCloud, China regions, or to reduce latency.

    default: sts.amazonaws.com
    example: --repo1-s3-sts-host=sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository URI Style Option (--repo-s3-uri-style)
S3 URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to bucket.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend bucket to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-s3-uri-style=path

SFTP Repository Host Option (--repo-sftp-host)
SFTP repository host.
The SFTP host containing the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host=sftprepo.domain

SFTP Repository Host Fingerprint Option (--repo-sftp-host-fingerprint)
SFTP repository host fingerprint.
SFTP repository host fingerprint generation should match the repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type. Generate the fingerprint via awk '{print $2}' ssh_host_xxx_key.pub | base64 -d | (md5sum or sha1sum) -b. The ssh host keys are normally found in the /etc/ssh directory.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-fingerprint=f84e172dfead7aeeeae6c1fdfb5aa8cf

SFTP Host Key Check Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-check-type)
SFTP host key check type.
The following SFTP host key check types are supported:

- strict - pgBackRest will never automatically add host keys to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and refuses to connect to hosts whose host key has changed or is not found in the known hosts files. This option forces the user to manually add all new hosts.
- accept-new - pgBackRest will automatically add new host keys to the user's known hosts file, but will not permit connections to hosts with changed host keys.
- fingerprint - pgBackRest will check the host key against the fingerprint specified by the repo-sftp-host-fingerprint option.
- none - no host key checking will be performed.

    default: strict
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-check-type=accept-new

SFTP Repository Host Key Hash Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type)
SFTP repository host key hash type.
SFTP repository host key hash type. Declares the hash type to be used to compute the digest of the remote system's host key on SSH startup. Newer versions of libssh2 support sha256 in addition to md5 and sha1.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha256

SFTP Repository Host Port Option (--repo-sftp-host-port)
SFTP repository host port.
SFTP repository host port.

    default: 22
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-port=22

SFTP Repository Host User Option (--repo-sftp-host-user)
SFTP repository host user.
User on the host used to store the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-user=pg-backup

SFTP Known Hosts File Option (--repo-sftp-known-host)
SFTP known hosts file.
A known hosts file to search for an SFTP host match during authentication. When unspecified, pgBackRest will default to searching ~/.ssh/known_hosts, ~/.ssh/known_hosts2, /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, and /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2. If configured with one or more file paths, pgBackRest will search those for a match. File paths must be full or leading tilde paths. The repo-sftp-known-host option can be passed multiple times to specify more than one known hosts file to search. To utilize known hosts file checking repo-sftp-host-fingerprint must not be specified. See also repo-sftp-host-check-type option.

    example: --repo1-sftp-known-host=/home/postgres/.ssh/known_hosts

SFTP Repository Private Key File Option (--repo-sftp-private-key-file)
SFTP private key file.
SFTP private key file used for authentication.

    example: --repo1-sftp-private-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519

SFTP Repository Public Key File Option (--repo-sftp-public-key-file)
SFTP public key file.
SFTP public key file used for authentication. Optional if compiled against OpenSSL, required if compiled against a different library.

    example: --repo1-sftp-public-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Repository Storage CA File Option (--repo-storage-ca-file)
Repository storage CA file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-file, repo-s3-ca-file
Repository Storage TLS CA Path Option (--repo-storage-ca-path)
Repository storage CA path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-path, repo-s3-ca-path
Repository Storage Host Option (--repo-storage-host)
Repository storage host.
Connect to a host other than the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint. This is typically used for testing.

    example: --repo1-storage-host=127.0.0.1

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-host, repo-s3-host
Repository Storage Port Option (--repo-storage-port)
Repository storage port.
Port to use when connecting to the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint (or host if specified).

    default: 443
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-storage-port=9000

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-port, repo-s3-port
Repository Storage Tag Option (--repo-storage-tag)
Repository storage tag(s).
Specify tags that will be added to objects when the repository is an object store (e.g. S3). The option can be repeated to add multiple tags.
There is no provision in pgBackRest to modify these tags so be sure to set them correctly before running stanza-create to ensure uniform tags across the entire repository.

    example: --repo1-storage-tag=key1=value1

Repository Storage Upload Chunk Size Option (--repo-storage-upload-chunk-size)
Repository storage upload chunk size.
Object stores such as S3 allow files to be uploaded in chunks when the file is too large to be stored in memory. Even if the file can be stored in memory, it is more memory efficient to limit the amount of memory used for uploads.
A larger chunk size will generally lead to better performance because it will minimize upload requests and allow more files to be uploaded in a single request rather than in chunks. The disadvantage is that memory usage will be higher and because the chunk buffer must be allocated per process, larger process-max values will lead to more memory being consumed overall.
Note that valid chunk sizes vary by storage type and by platform. For example, AWS S3 has a minimum chunk size of 5MiB. Terminology for chunk size varies by storage type, so when searching min/max values use part size for AWS S3, chunk size for GCS, and block size for Azure.
If a file is larger than 1GiB (the maximum size PostgreSQL will create by default) then the chunk size will be increased incrementally up to the maximum allowed in order to complete the file upload.

    default (depending on repo-type):
        azure - 4MiB
        gcs - 4MiB
        s3 - 5MiB

    allow range (depending on repo-type):
        azure - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        gcs - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        s3 - [5MiB, 1GiB]

    example: --repo1-storage-upload-chunk-size=16MiB

Repository Storage Certificate Verify Option (--repo-storage-verify-tls)
Repository storage certificate verify.
This option provides the ability to enable/disable verification of the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) server TLS certificate. Disabling should only be used for testing or other scenarios where a certificate has been self-signed.

    default: y
    example: --no-repo1-storage-verify-tls

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-verify-tls, repo-s3-verify-ssl, repo-s3-verify-tls
Target Time for Repository Option (--repo-target-time)
Target time for repository.
The target time defines the time that commands use to read a repository on versioned storage. This allows the command to read the repository as it was at a point-in-time in order to recover data that has been deleted or corrupted by user accident or malware.
Versioned storage is supported by S3, GCS, and Azure but is generally not enabled by default. In addition to enabling versioning, it may be useful to enable object locking for S3 and soft delete for GCS or Azure.
When the repo-target-time option is specified then the repo option must also be provided. It is likely that not all repository types will support versioning and in general it makes sense to target a single repository for recovery.
Note that comparisons to the storage timestamp are <= the timestamp provided and milliseconds are truncated from the timestamp when provided.

    example: --repo-target-time=2024-08-08 12:12:12+00

Repository Type Option (--repo-type)
Type of storage used for the repository.
The following repository types are supported:

- azure - Azure Blob Storage Service
- cifs - Like posix, but disables links and directory fsyncs
- gcs - Google Cloud Storage
- posix - Posix-compliant file systems
- s3 - AWS Simple Storage Service
- sftp - Secure File Transfer Protocol

When an NFS mount is used as a posix repository, the same rules apply to pgBackRest as described in the PostgreSQL documentation: Creating a Database Cluster - File Systems.

    default: posix
    example: --repo1-type=cifs

Stanza Options
PostgreSQL Path Option (--pg-path)
PostgreSQL data directory.
This should be the same as the data_directory reported by PostgreSQL. Even though this value can be read from various places, it is prudent to set it in case those resources are not available during a restore or offline backup scenario.
The pg-path option is tested against the value reported by PostgreSQL on every online backup so it should always be current.

    example: --pg1-path=/data/db

Deprecated Name: db-path
Server Command (server)
The pgBackRest server allows access to remote hosts without using the SSH protocol.
Command Options
TLS Server Address Option (--tls-server-address)
TLS server address.
IP address the server will listen on for client requests.

    default: localhost
    example: --tls-server-address=*

TLS Server Authorized Clients Option (--tls-server-auth)
TLS server authorized clients.
Clients are authorized on the server by verifying their certificate and checking their certificate CN (Common Name) against a list on the server configured with the tls-server-auth option.
A client CN can be authorized for as many stanzas as needed by providing a comma-separated list to the tls-server-auth option or for all stanzas by specifying tls-server-auth=client-cn=*. Wildcards may not be specified for the client CN.

    example: --tls-server-auth=client-cn=stanza1,stanza2

TLS Server Certificate Authorities Option (--tls-server-ca-file)
TLS server certificate authorities.
Checks that client certificates are signed by a trusted certificate authority.

    example: --tls-server-ca-file=/path/to/server.ca

TLS Server Certificate Option (--tls-server-cert-file)
TLS server certificate file.
Sent to the client to show the server identity.

    example: --tls-server-cert-file=/path/to/server.crt

TLS Server Key Option (--tls-server-key-file)
TLS server key file.
Proves server certificate was sent by the owner.

    example: --tls-server-key-file=/path/to/server.key

TLS Server Port Option (--tls-server-port)
TLS server port.
Port the server will listen on for client requests.

    default: 8432
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --tls-server-port=8000

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Buffer Size Option (--buffer-size)
Buffer size for I/O operations.
Buffer size used for copy, compress, encrypt, and other operations. The number of buffers used depends on options and each operation may use additional memory, e.g. gz compression may use an additional 256KiB of memory.
Allowed values are 16KiB, 32KiB, 64KiB, 128KiB, 256KiB, 512KiB, 1MiB, 2MiB, 4MiB, 8MiB, and 16MiB.

    default: 1MiB
    example: --buffer-size=2MiB

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

I/O Timeout Option (--io-timeout)
I/O timeout.
Timeout, in seconds, used for connections and read/write operations.
Note that the entire read/write operation does not need to complete within this timeout but some progress must be made, even if it is only a single byte.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1h]
    example: --io-timeout=120

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Protocol Timeout Option (--protocol-timeout)
Protocol timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, that the local or remote process will wait for a new message to be received on the protocol layer. This prevents processes from waiting indefinitely for a message.
NOTE:
The protocol-timeout option must be greater than the db-timeout option.

    default: 31m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --protocol-timeout=630

Keep Alive Option (--sck-keep-alive)
Keep-alive enable.
Enables keep-alive messages on socket connections.

    default: y
    example: --no-sck-keep-alive

Keep Alive Count Option (--tcp-keep-alive-count)
Keep-alive count.
Specifies the number of TCP keep-alive messages that can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.

    allowed: [1, 32]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-count=3

Keep Alive Idle Option (--tcp-keep-alive-idle)
Keep-alive idle time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) with no network activity after which the operating system should send a TCP keep-alive message.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option.

    allowed: [1, 3600]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-idle=60

Keep Alive Interval Option (--tcp-keep-alive-interval)
Keep-alive interval time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) after which a TCP keep-alive message that has not been acknowledged should be retransmitted.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.

    allowed: [1, 900]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-interval=30

TLSv1.2 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-12)
Allowed TLSv1.2 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. The example is reasonable choice unless you have specific security requirements. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-12=HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL

TLSv1.3 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-13)
Allowed TLSv1.3 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-13=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Server Ping Command (server-ping)
Ping a pgBackRest TLS server to ensure it is accepting connections. This serves as an aliveness check only since no authentication is attempted.
If no host is specified on the command-line then the tls-server-host option will be used.
Command Options
TLS Server Address Option (--tls-server-address)
TLS server address.
IP address the server will listen on for client requests.

    default: localhost
    example: --tls-server-address=*

TLS Server Port Option (--tls-server-port)
TLS server port.
Port the server will listen on for client requests.

    default: 8432
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --tls-server-port=8000

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Buffer Size Option (--buffer-size)
Buffer size for I/O operations.
Buffer size used for copy, compress, encrypt, and other operations. The number of buffers used depends on options and each operation may use additional memory, e.g. gz compression may use an additional 256KiB of memory.
Allowed values are 16KiB, 32KiB, 64KiB, 128KiB, 256KiB, 512KiB, 1MiB, 2MiB, 4MiB, 8MiB, and 16MiB.

    default: 1MiB
    example: --buffer-size=2MiB

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

I/O Timeout Option (--io-timeout)
I/O timeout.
Timeout, in seconds, used for connections and read/write operations.
Note that the entire read/write operation does not need to complete within this timeout but some progress must be made, even if it is only a single byte.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1h]
    example: --io-timeout=120

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Keep Alive Option (--sck-keep-alive)
Keep-alive enable.
Enables keep-alive messages on socket connections.

    default: y
    example: --no-sck-keep-alive

Keep Alive Count Option (--tcp-keep-alive-count)
Keep-alive count.
Specifies the number of TCP keep-alive messages that can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.

    allowed: [1, 32]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-count=3

Keep Alive Idle Option (--tcp-keep-alive-idle)
Keep-alive idle time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) with no network activity after which the operating system should send a TCP keep-alive message.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option.

    allowed: [1, 3600]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-idle=60

Keep Alive Interval Option (--tcp-keep-alive-interval)
Keep-alive interval time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) after which a TCP keep-alive message that has not been acknowledged should be retransmitted.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.

    allowed: [1, 900]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-interval=30

TLSv1.2 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-12)
Allowed TLSv1.2 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. The example is reasonable choice unless you have specific security requirements. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-12=HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL

TLSv1.3 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-13)
Allowed TLSv1.3 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-13=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Stanza Create Command (stanza-create)
The stanza-create command must be run after the stanza has been configured in pgbackrest.conf. If there is more than one repository configured, the stanza will be created on each. Stanzas that have already been created will be skipped so it is always safe to run stanza-create, even when a new repository has been configured.
See Create the Stanza for more information and an example.
Command Options
Online Option (--online)
Create on an online cluster.
Specifying --no-online prevents pgBackRest from connecting to PostgreSQL when creating the stanza.

    default: y
    example: --no-online

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Buffer Size Option (--buffer-size)
Buffer size for I/O operations.
Buffer size used for copy, compress, encrypt, and other operations. The number of buffers used depends on options and each operation may use additional memory, e.g. gz compression may use an additional 256KiB of memory.
Allowed values are 16KiB, 32KiB, 64KiB, 128KiB, 256KiB, 512KiB, 1MiB, 2MiB, 4MiB, 8MiB, and 16MiB.

    default: 1MiB
    example: --buffer-size=2MiB

SSH Client Command Option (--cmd-ssh)
SSH client command.
Use a specific SSH client command when an alternate is desired or the ssh command is not in $PATH.

    default: ssh
    example: --cmd-ssh=/usr/bin/ssh

Network Compress Level Option (--compress-level-network)
Network compression level.
Sets the network compression level when compress-type=none and the command is not run on the same host as the repository. Compression is used to reduce network traffic. When compress-type does not equal none the compress-level-network setting is ignored and compress-level is used instead so that the file is only compressed once.

    default: 1
    allowed: [-5, 12]
    example: --compress-level-network=1

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Database Timeout Option (--db-timeout)
Database query timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, for queries against the database. This includes the backup start/stop functions which can each take a substantial amount of time. Because of this the timeout should be kept high unless you know that these functions will return quickly (i.e. if you have set start-fast=y and you know that the database cluster will not generate many WAL segments during the backup).
NOTE:
The db-timeout option must be less than the protocol-timeout option.

    default: 30m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --db-timeout=600

I/O Timeout Option (--io-timeout)
I/O timeout.
Timeout, in seconds, used for connections and read/write operations.
Note that the entire read/write operation does not need to complete within this timeout but some progress must be made, even if it is only a single byte.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1h]
    example: --io-timeout=120

Lock Path Option (--lock-path)
Path where lock files are stored.
The lock path provides a location for pgBackRest to create lock files to prevent conflicting operations from being run concurrently.

    default: /tmp/pgbackrest
    example: --lock-path=/backup/db/lock

Neutral Umask Option (--neutral-umask)
Use a neutral umask.
Sets the umask to 0000 so modes in the repository are created in a sensible way. The default directory mode is 0750 and default file mode is 0640.
To use the executing user's umask instead specify neutral-umask=n in the config file or --no-neutral-umask on the command line.

    default: y
    example: --no-neutral-umask

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Protocol Timeout Option (--protocol-timeout)
Protocol timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, that the local or remote process will wait for a new message to be received on the protocol layer. This prevents processes from waiting indefinitely for a message.
NOTE:
The protocol-timeout option must be greater than the db-timeout option.

    default: 31m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --protocol-timeout=630

Keep Alive Option (--sck-keep-alive)
Keep-alive enable.
Enables keep-alive messages on socket connections.

    default: y
    example: --no-sck-keep-alive

Stanza Option (--stanza)
Defines the stanza.
A stanza is the configuration for a PostgreSQL database cluster that defines where it is located, how it will be backed up, archiving options, etc. Most db servers will only have one PostgreSQL database cluster and therefore one stanza, whereas backup servers will have a stanza for every database cluster that needs to be backed up.
It is tempting to name the stanza after the primary cluster but a better name describes the databases contained in the cluster. Because the stanza name will be used for the primary and all replicas it is more appropriate to choose a name that describes the actual function of the cluster, such as app or dw, rather than the local cluster name, such as main or prod.

    example: --stanza=main

Keep Alive Count Option (--tcp-keep-alive-count)
Keep-alive count.
Specifies the number of TCP keep-alive messages that can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.

    allowed: [1, 32]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-count=3

Keep Alive Idle Option (--tcp-keep-alive-idle)
Keep-alive idle time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) with no network activity after which the operating system should send a TCP keep-alive message.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option.

    allowed: [1, 3600]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-idle=60

Keep Alive Interval Option (--tcp-keep-alive-interval)
Keep-alive interval time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) after which a TCP keep-alive message that has not been acknowledged should be retransmitted.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.

    allowed: [1, 900]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-interval=30

TLSv1.2 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-12)
Allowed TLSv1.2 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. The example is reasonable choice unless you have specific security requirements. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-12=HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL

TLSv1.3 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-13)
Allowed TLSv1.3 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-13=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Subprocesses Option (--log-subprocess)
Enable logging in subprocesses.
Enable file logging for any subprocesses created by this process using the log level specified by log-level-file.

    default: n
    example: --log-subprocess

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Maintainer Options
Force PostgreSQL Version Option (--pg-version-force)
Force PostgreSQL version.
The specified PostgreSQL version will be used instead of the version automatically detected by reading pg_control or WAL headers. This is mainly useful for PostgreSQL forks or development versions where those values are different from the release version. The version reported by PostgreSQL via `server_version_num` must match the forced version.
WARNING:
Be cautious when using this option because pg_control and WAL headers will still be read with the expected format for the specified version, i.e. the format from the official open-source version of PostgreSQL. If the fork or development version changes the format of the fields that pgBackRest depends on it will lead to unexpected behavior. In general, this option will only work as expected if the fork adds all custom struct members after the standard PostgreSQL members.

    example: --pg-version-force=15

Repository Options
Azure Repository Container Option (--repo-azure-container)
Azure repository container.
Azure container used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the container root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other Azure-generated content can also be stored in the container.

    example: --repo1-azure-container=pg-backup

Azure Repository Key Type Option (--repo-azure-key-type)
Azure repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- shared - Shared key
- sas - Shared access signature
- auto - Automatically authorize using Azure managed identities

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-azure-key-type=sas

Azure Repository URI Style Option (--repo-azure-uri-style)
Azure URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to account.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend account to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-azure-uri-style=path

Repository Cipher Type Option (--repo-cipher-type)
Cipher used to encrypt the repository.
The following cipher types are supported:

- none - The repository is not encrypted
- aes-256-cbc - Advanced Encryption Standard with 256 bit key length

Note that encryption is always performed client-side even if the repository type (e.g. S3) supports encryption.

    default: none
    example: --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

GCS Repository Bucket Option (--repo-gcs-bucket)
GCS repository bucket.
GCS bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other GCS-generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-gcs-bucket=/pg-backup

GCS Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-gcs-endpoint)
GCS repository endpoint.
Endpoint used to connect to the storage service. May be updated to use a local GCS server or alternate endpoint.

    default: storage.googleapis.com
    example: --repo1-gcs-endpoint=localhost

GCS Repository Key Type Option (--repo-gcs-key-type)
GCS repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- auto - Authorize using the instance service account.
- service - Service account from locally stored key.
- token - For local testing, e.g. fakegcs.

When repo-gcs-key-type=service the credentials will be reloaded when the authentication token is renewed.

    default: service
    example: --repo1-gcs-key-type=auto

GCS Repository Project ID Option (--repo-gcs-user-project)
GCS project ID.
GCS project ID used to determine request billing.

    example: --repo1-gcs-user-project=my-project

Repository Host Option (--repo-host)
Repository host when operating remotely.
When backing up and archiving to a locally mounted filesystem this setting is not required.

    example: --repo1-host=repo1.domain.com

Deprecated Name: backup-host
Repository Host Certificate Authority File Option (--repo-host-ca-file)
Repository host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Repository Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--repo-host-ca-path)
Repository host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Repository Host Certificate File Option (--repo-host-cert-file)
Repository host certificate file.
Sent to repository host to prove client identity.

    example: --repo1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

Repository Host Command Option (--repo-host-cmd)
Repository host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and repository hosts. If not defined, the repository host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --repo1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: backup-cmd
Repository Host Configuration Option (--repo-host-config)
pgBackRest repository host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --repo1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: backup-config
Repository Host Configuration Include Path Option (--repo-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Repository Host Configuration Path Option (--repo-host-config-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Repository Host Key File Option (--repo-host-key-file)
Repository host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --repo1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

Repository Host Port Option (--repo-host-port)
Repository host port when repo-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the repository host protocol.
NOTE:
When repo-host-type=ssh there is no default for repo-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on repo-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --repo1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: backup-ssh-port
Repository Host Protocol Type Option (--repo-host-type)
Repository host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --repo1-host-type=tls

Repository Host User Option (--repo-host-user)
Repository host user when repo-host is set.
Defines the user that will be used for operations on the repository host. Preferably this is not the postgres user but rather some other user like pgbackrest. If PostgreSQL runs on the repository host the postgres user can be placed in the pgbackrest group so it has read permissions on the repository without being able to damage the contents accidentally.

    default: pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-host-user=repo-user

Deprecated Name: backup-user
Repository Path Option (--repo-path)
Path where backups and archive are stored.
The repository is where pgBackRest stores backups and archives WAL segments.
It may be difficult to estimate in advance how much space you'll need. The best thing to do is take some backups then record the size of different types of backups (full/incr/diff) and measure the amount of WAL generated per day. This will give you a general idea of how much space you'll need, though of course requirements will likely change over time as your database evolves.

    default: /var/lib/pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-path=/backup/db/backrest

S3 Repository Bucket Option (--repo-s3-bucket)
S3 repository bucket.
S3 bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other AWS generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-s3-bucket=pg-backup

S3 Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-endpoint)
S3 repository endpoint.
The AWS endpoint should be valid for the selected region.
For custom/test configurations the repo-storage-ca-file, repo-storage-ca-path, repo-storage-host, repo-storage-port, and repo-storage-verify-tls options may be useful.

    example: --repo1-s3-endpoint=s3.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository Key Type Option (--repo-s3-key-type)
S3 repository key type.
The following types are supported:

- shared - Shared keys
- auto - Automatically retrieve temporary credentials
- web-id - Automatically retrieve web identity credentials
- pod-id - Automatically retrieve EKS pod identity credentials
- process - Retrieve credentials by executing a process

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-s3-key-type=auto

S3 Repository KMS Key ID Option (--repo-s3-kms-key-id)
S3 repository KMS key.
Enables S3 server-side encryption using the specified AWS key management service key.

    example: --repo1-s3-kms-key-id=bceb4f13-6939-4be3-910d-df54dee817b7

S3 Authentication Process Command Option (--repo-s3-process-cmd)
S3 authentication process command.
Command (and optional arguments) to execute for retrieving temporary S3 credentials. The first list entry is the command and the remaining entries are passed as parameters.
The process must output JSON containing AccessKeyId, SecretAccessKey, SessionToken, and Expiration fields. Credentials will be automatically refreshed before the expiration time. See Process Credential Provider for format details.

    example: --repo1-s3-process-cmd=/usr/local/bin/get-credentials --repo1-s3-process-cmd=--role --repo1-s3-process-cmd=my-role

S3 Repository Region Option (--repo-s3-region)
S3 repository region.
The AWS region where the bucket was created.

    example: --repo1-s3-region=us-east-1

S3 Repository Requestor Pays Option (--repo-s3-requester-pays)
S3 repository requester pays.
Enables S3 requester pays.

    default: n
    example: --no-repo1-s3-requester-pays

S3 Repository Role Option (--repo-s3-role)
S3 repository role.
The AWS role name (not the full ARN) used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=auto.

    example: --repo1-s3-role=authrole

S3 Repository Service Option (--repo-s3-service)
S3 signing service.
The S3 signing service used in SigV4 authentication. Defaults to s3 for standard S3 endpoints. Set to s3-outposts when using an S3 Outposts endpoint.

    default: s3
    example: --repo1-s3-service=s3-outposts

S3 Repository STS Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-sts-host)
S3 repository STS endpoint.
The STS endpoint used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=web-id is configured. Set to a regional endpoint (e.g. sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com) to use regional STS, which may be required for GovCloud, China regions, or to reduce latency.

    default: sts.amazonaws.com
    example: --repo1-s3-sts-host=sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository URI Style Option (--repo-s3-uri-style)
S3 URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to bucket.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend bucket to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-s3-uri-style=path

SFTP Repository Host Option (--repo-sftp-host)
SFTP repository host.
The SFTP host containing the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host=sftprepo.domain

SFTP Repository Host Fingerprint Option (--repo-sftp-host-fingerprint)
SFTP repository host fingerprint.
SFTP repository host fingerprint generation should match the repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type. Generate the fingerprint via awk '{print $2}' ssh_host_xxx_key.pub | base64 -d | (md5sum or sha1sum) -b. The ssh host keys are normally found in the /etc/ssh directory.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-fingerprint=f84e172dfead7aeeeae6c1fdfb5aa8cf

SFTP Host Key Check Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-check-type)
SFTP host key check type.
The following SFTP host key check types are supported:

- strict - pgBackRest will never automatically add host keys to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and refuses to connect to hosts whose host key has changed or is not found in the known hosts files. This option forces the user to manually add all new hosts.
- accept-new - pgBackRest will automatically add new host keys to the user's known hosts file, but will not permit connections to hosts with changed host keys.
- fingerprint - pgBackRest will check the host key against the fingerprint specified by the repo-sftp-host-fingerprint option.
- none - no host key checking will be performed.

    default: strict
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-check-type=accept-new

SFTP Repository Host Key Hash Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type)
SFTP repository host key hash type.
SFTP repository host key hash type. Declares the hash type to be used to compute the digest of the remote system's host key on SSH startup. Newer versions of libssh2 support sha256 in addition to md5 and sha1.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha256

SFTP Repository Host Port Option (--repo-sftp-host-port)
SFTP repository host port.
SFTP repository host port.

    default: 22
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-port=22

SFTP Repository Host User Option (--repo-sftp-host-user)
SFTP repository host user.
User on the host used to store the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-user=pg-backup

SFTP Known Hosts File Option (--repo-sftp-known-host)
SFTP known hosts file.
A known hosts file to search for an SFTP host match during authentication. When unspecified, pgBackRest will default to searching ~/.ssh/known_hosts, ~/.ssh/known_hosts2, /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, and /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2. If configured with one or more file paths, pgBackRest will search those for a match. File paths must be full or leading tilde paths. The repo-sftp-known-host option can be passed multiple times to specify more than one known hosts file to search. To utilize known hosts file checking repo-sftp-host-fingerprint must not be specified. See also repo-sftp-host-check-type option.

    example: --repo1-sftp-known-host=/home/postgres/.ssh/known_hosts

SFTP Repository Private Key File Option (--repo-sftp-private-key-file)
SFTP private key file.
SFTP private key file used for authentication.

    example: --repo1-sftp-private-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519

SFTP Repository Public Key File Option (--repo-sftp-public-key-file)
SFTP public key file.
SFTP public key file used for authentication. Optional if compiled against OpenSSL, required if compiled against a different library.

    example: --repo1-sftp-public-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Repository Storage CA File Option (--repo-storage-ca-file)
Repository storage CA file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-file, repo-s3-ca-file
Repository Storage TLS CA Path Option (--repo-storage-ca-path)
Repository storage CA path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-path, repo-s3-ca-path
Repository Storage Host Option (--repo-storage-host)
Repository storage host.
Connect to a host other than the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint. This is typically used for testing.

    example: --repo1-storage-host=127.0.0.1

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-host, repo-s3-host
Repository Storage Port Option (--repo-storage-port)
Repository storage port.
Port to use when connecting to the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint (or host if specified).

    default: 443
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-storage-port=9000

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-port, repo-s3-port
Repository Storage Tag Option (--repo-storage-tag)
Repository storage tag(s).
Specify tags that will be added to objects when the repository is an object store (e.g. S3). The option can be repeated to add multiple tags.
There is no provision in pgBackRest to modify these tags so be sure to set them correctly before running stanza-create to ensure uniform tags across the entire repository.

    example: --repo1-storage-tag=key1=value1

Repository Storage Upload Chunk Size Option (--repo-storage-upload-chunk-size)
Repository storage upload chunk size.
Object stores such as S3 allow files to be uploaded in chunks when the file is too large to be stored in memory. Even if the file can be stored in memory, it is more memory efficient to limit the amount of memory used for uploads.
A larger chunk size will generally lead to better performance because it will minimize upload requests and allow more files to be uploaded in a single request rather than in chunks. The disadvantage is that memory usage will be higher and because the chunk buffer must be allocated per process, larger process-max values will lead to more memory being consumed overall.
Note that valid chunk sizes vary by storage type and by platform. For example, AWS S3 has a minimum chunk size of 5MiB. Terminology for chunk size varies by storage type, so when searching min/max values use part size for AWS S3, chunk size for GCS, and block size for Azure.
If a file is larger than 1GiB (the maximum size PostgreSQL will create by default) then the chunk size will be increased incrementally up to the maximum allowed in order to complete the file upload.

    default (depending on repo-type):
        azure - 4MiB
        gcs - 4MiB
        s3 - 5MiB

    allow range (depending on repo-type):
        azure - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        gcs - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        s3 - [5MiB, 1GiB]

    example: --repo1-storage-upload-chunk-size=16MiB

Repository Storage Certificate Verify Option (--repo-storage-verify-tls)
Repository storage certificate verify.
This option provides the ability to enable/disable verification of the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) server TLS certificate. Disabling should only be used for testing or other scenarios where a certificate has been self-signed.

    default: y
    example: --no-repo1-storage-verify-tls

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-verify-tls, repo-s3-verify-ssl, repo-s3-verify-tls
Repository Type Option (--repo-type)
Type of storage used for the repository.
The following repository types are supported:

- azure - Azure Blob Storage Service
- cifs - Like posix, but disables links and directory fsyncs
- gcs - Google Cloud Storage
- posix - Posix-compliant file systems
- s3 - AWS Simple Storage Service
- sftp - Secure File Transfer Protocol

When an NFS mount is used as a posix repository, the same rules apply to pgBackRest as described in the PostgreSQL documentation: Creating a Database Cluster - File Systems.

    default: posix
    example: --repo1-type=cifs

Stanza Options
PostgreSQL Database Option (--pg-database)
PostgreSQL database.
The database name used when connecting to PostgreSQL. The default is usually best but some installations may not contain this database.
Note that for legacy reasons the setting of the PGDATABASE environment variable will be ignored.

    default: postgres
    example: --pg1-database=backupdb

PostgreSQL Host Option (--pg-host)
PostgreSQL host for operating remotely.
Used for backups where the PostgreSQL host is different from the repository host.

    example: --pg1-host=db.domain.com

Deprecated Name: db-host
PostgreSQL Host Certificate Authority File Option (--pg-host-ca-file)
PostgreSQL host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the PostgreSQL host.

    example: --pg1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

PostgreSQL Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--pg-host-ca-path)
PostgreSQL host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the PostgreSQL host.

    example: --pg1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

PostgreSQL Host Certificate File Option (--pg-host-cert-file)
PostgreSQL host certificate file.
Sent to PostgreSQL host to prove client identity.

    example: --pg1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

PostgreSQL Host Command Option (--pg-host-cmd)
PostgreSQL host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and PostgreSQL hosts. If not defined, the PostgreSQL host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --pg1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: db-cmd
PostgreSQL Host Configuration Option (--pg-host-config)
pgBackRest database host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the PostgreSQL host. This is only required if the PostgreSQL host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --pg1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: db-config
PostgreSQL Host Configuration Include Path Option (--pg-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest database host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the PostgreSQL host. This is only required if the PostgreSQL host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --pg1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

PostgreSQL Host Configuration Path Option (--pg-host-config-path)
pgBackRest database host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the PostgreSQL host. This is only required if the PostgreSQL host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --pg1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

PostgreSQL Host Key File Option (--pg-host-key-file)
PostgreSQL host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --pg1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

PostgreSQL Host Port Option (--pg-host-port)
PostgreSQL host port when pg-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the PostgreSQL host protocol.
NOTE:
When pg-host-type=ssh there is no default for pg-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on pg-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --pg1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: db-ssh-port
PostgreSQL Host Protocol Type Option (--pg-host-type)
PostgreSQL host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --pg1-host-type=tls

PostgreSQL Host User Option (--pg-host-user)
PostgreSQL host logon user when pg-host is set.
This user will also own the remote pgBackRest process and will initiate connections to PostgreSQL. For this to work correctly the user should be the PostgreSQL database cluster owner which is generally postgres, the default.

    default: postgres
    example: --pg1-host-user=db_owner

Deprecated Name: db-user
PostgreSQL Path Option (--pg-path)
PostgreSQL data directory.
This should be the same as the data_directory reported by PostgreSQL. Even though this value can be read from various places, it is prudent to set it in case those resources are not available during a restore or offline backup scenario.
The pg-path option is tested against the value reported by PostgreSQL on every online backup so it should always be current.

    example: --pg1-path=/data/db

Deprecated Name: db-path
PostgreSQL Port Option (--pg-port)
PostgreSQL port.
Port that PostgreSQL is running on. This usually does not need to be specified as most PostgreSQL clusters run on the default port.

    default: 5432
    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --pg1-port=6543

Deprecated Name: db-port
PostgreSQL Socket Path Option (--pg-socket-path)
PostgreSQL unix socket path.
The unix socket directory that was specified when PostgreSQL was started. pgBackRest will automatically look in the standard location for your OS so there is usually no need to specify this setting unless the socket directory was explicitly modified with the unix_socket_directories setting in postgresql.conf.

    example: --pg1-socket-path=/var/run/postgresql

Deprecated Name: db-socket-path
PostgreSQL Database User Option (--pg-user)
PostgreSQL database user.
The database user name used when connecting to PostgreSQL. If not specified pgBackRest will connect with the local OS user or PGUSER.

    example: --pg1-user=backupuser

Stanza Delete Command (stanza-delete)
The stanza-delete command removes data in the repository associated with a stanza.
WARNING:
Use this command with caution — it will permanently remove all backups and archives from the pgBackRest repository for the specified stanza.
To delete a stanza:

- Shut down the PostgreSQL cluster associated with the stanza (or use --force to override).
- Run the stop command on the host where the stanza-delete command will be run.
- Run the stanza-delete command.

Once the command successfully completes, it is the responsibility of the user to remove the stanza from all pgBackRest configuration files and/or environment variables.
A stanza may only be deleted from one repository at a time. To delete the stanza from multiple repositories, repeat the stanza-delete command for each repository while specifying the --repo option.
Command Options
Force Option (--force)
Force stanza delete.
If PostgreSQL is still running for the stanza, then this option can be used to force the stanza to be deleted from the repository.

    default: n
    example: --no-force

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Buffer Size Option (--buffer-size)
Buffer size for I/O operations.
Buffer size used for copy, compress, encrypt, and other operations. The number of buffers used depends on options and each operation may use additional memory, e.g. gz compression may use an additional 256KiB of memory.
Allowed values are 16KiB, 32KiB, 64KiB, 128KiB, 256KiB, 512KiB, 1MiB, 2MiB, 4MiB, 8MiB, and 16MiB.

    default: 1MiB
    example: --buffer-size=2MiB

SSH Client Command Option (--cmd-ssh)
SSH client command.
Use a specific SSH client command when an alternate is desired or the ssh command is not in $PATH.

    default: ssh
    example: --cmd-ssh=/usr/bin/ssh

Network Compress Level Option (--compress-level-network)
Network compression level.
Sets the network compression level when compress-type=none and the command is not run on the same host as the repository. Compression is used to reduce network traffic. When compress-type does not equal none the compress-level-network setting is ignored and compress-level is used instead so that the file is only compressed once.

    default: 1
    allowed: [-5, 12]
    example: --compress-level-network=1

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Database Timeout Option (--db-timeout)
Database query timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, for queries against the database. This includes the backup start/stop functions which can each take a substantial amount of time. Because of this the timeout should be kept high unless you know that these functions will return quickly (i.e. if you have set start-fast=y and you know that the database cluster will not generate many WAL segments during the backup).
NOTE:
The db-timeout option must be less than the protocol-timeout option.

    default: 30m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --db-timeout=600

I/O Timeout Option (--io-timeout)
I/O timeout.
Timeout, in seconds, used for connections and read/write operations.
Note that the entire read/write operation does not need to complete within this timeout but some progress must be made, even if it is only a single byte.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1h]
    example: --io-timeout=120

Lock Path Option (--lock-path)
Path where lock files are stored.
The lock path provides a location for pgBackRest to create lock files to prevent conflicting operations from being run concurrently.

    default: /tmp/pgbackrest
    example: --lock-path=/backup/db/lock

Neutral Umask Option (--neutral-umask)
Use a neutral umask.
Sets the umask to 0000 so modes in the repository are created in a sensible way. The default directory mode is 0750 and default file mode is 0640.
To use the executing user's umask instead specify neutral-umask=n in the config file or --no-neutral-umask on the command line.

    default: y
    example: --no-neutral-umask

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Protocol Timeout Option (--protocol-timeout)
Protocol timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, that the local or remote process will wait for a new message to be received on the protocol layer. This prevents processes from waiting indefinitely for a message.
NOTE:
The protocol-timeout option must be greater than the db-timeout option.

    default: 31m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --protocol-timeout=630

Keep Alive Option (--sck-keep-alive)
Keep-alive enable.
Enables keep-alive messages on socket connections.

    default: y
    example: --no-sck-keep-alive

Stanza Option (--stanza)
Defines the stanza.
A stanza is the configuration for a PostgreSQL database cluster that defines where it is located, how it will be backed up, archiving options, etc. Most db servers will only have one PostgreSQL database cluster and therefore one stanza, whereas backup servers will have a stanza for every database cluster that needs to be backed up.
It is tempting to name the stanza after the primary cluster but a better name describes the databases contained in the cluster. Because the stanza name will be used for the primary and all replicas it is more appropriate to choose a name that describes the actual function of the cluster, such as app or dw, rather than the local cluster name, such as main or prod.

    example: --stanza=main

Keep Alive Count Option (--tcp-keep-alive-count)
Keep-alive count.
Specifies the number of TCP keep-alive messages that can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.

    allowed: [1, 32]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-count=3

Keep Alive Idle Option (--tcp-keep-alive-idle)
Keep-alive idle time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) with no network activity after which the operating system should send a TCP keep-alive message.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option.

    allowed: [1, 3600]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-idle=60

Keep Alive Interval Option (--tcp-keep-alive-interval)
Keep-alive interval time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) after which a TCP keep-alive message that has not been acknowledged should be retransmitted.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.

    allowed: [1, 900]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-interval=30

TLSv1.2 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-12)
Allowed TLSv1.2 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. The example is reasonable choice unless you have specific security requirements. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-12=HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL

TLSv1.3 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-13)
Allowed TLSv1.3 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-13=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Subprocesses Option (--log-subprocess)
Enable logging in subprocesses.
Enable file logging for any subprocesses created by this process using the log level specified by log-level-file.

    default: n
    example: --log-subprocess

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Maintainer Options
Force PostgreSQL Version Option (--pg-version-force)
Force PostgreSQL version.
The specified PostgreSQL version will be used instead of the version automatically detected by reading pg_control or WAL headers. This is mainly useful for PostgreSQL forks or development versions where those values are different from the release version. The version reported by PostgreSQL via `server_version_num` must match the forced version.
WARNING:
Be cautious when using this option because pg_control and WAL headers will still be read with the expected format for the specified version, i.e. the format from the official open-source version of PostgreSQL. If the fork or development version changes the format of the fields that pgBackRest depends on it will lead to unexpected behavior. In general, this option will only work as expected if the fork adds all custom struct members after the standard PostgreSQL members.

    example: --pg-version-force=15

Repository Options
Set Repository Option (--repo)
Set repository.
Set the repository for a command to operate on.
For example, this option may be used to perform a restore from a specific repository, rather than letting pgBackRest choose.

    allowed: [1, 256]
    example: --repo=1

Azure Repository Container Option (--repo-azure-container)
Azure repository container.
Azure container used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the container root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other Azure-generated content can also be stored in the container.

    example: --repo1-azure-container=pg-backup

Azure Repository Key Type Option (--repo-azure-key-type)
Azure repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- shared - Shared key
- sas - Shared access signature
- auto - Automatically authorize using Azure managed identities

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-azure-key-type=sas

Azure Repository URI Style Option (--repo-azure-uri-style)
Azure URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to account.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend account to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-azure-uri-style=path

Repository Cipher Type Option (--repo-cipher-type)
Cipher used to encrypt the repository.
The following cipher types are supported:

- none - The repository is not encrypted
- aes-256-cbc - Advanced Encryption Standard with 256 bit key length

Note that encryption is always performed client-side even if the repository type (e.g. S3) supports encryption.

    default: none
    example: --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

GCS Repository Bucket Option (--repo-gcs-bucket)
GCS repository bucket.
GCS bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other GCS-generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-gcs-bucket=/pg-backup

GCS Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-gcs-endpoint)
GCS repository endpoint.
Endpoint used to connect to the storage service. May be updated to use a local GCS server or alternate endpoint.

    default: storage.googleapis.com
    example: --repo1-gcs-endpoint=localhost

GCS Repository Key Type Option (--repo-gcs-key-type)
GCS repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- auto - Authorize using the instance service account.
- service - Service account from locally stored key.
- token - For local testing, e.g. fakegcs.

When repo-gcs-key-type=service the credentials will be reloaded when the authentication token is renewed.

    default: service
    example: --repo1-gcs-key-type=auto

GCS Repository Project ID Option (--repo-gcs-user-project)
GCS project ID.
GCS project ID used to determine request billing.

    example: --repo1-gcs-user-project=my-project

Repository Host Option (--repo-host)
Repository host when operating remotely.
When backing up and archiving to a locally mounted filesystem this setting is not required.

    example: --repo1-host=repo1.domain.com

Deprecated Name: backup-host
Repository Host Certificate Authority File Option (--repo-host-ca-file)
Repository host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Repository Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--repo-host-ca-path)
Repository host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Repository Host Certificate File Option (--repo-host-cert-file)
Repository host certificate file.
Sent to repository host to prove client identity.

    example: --repo1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

Repository Host Command Option (--repo-host-cmd)
Repository host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and repository hosts. If not defined, the repository host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --repo1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: backup-cmd
Repository Host Configuration Option (--repo-host-config)
pgBackRest repository host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --repo1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: backup-config
Repository Host Configuration Include Path Option (--repo-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Repository Host Configuration Path Option (--repo-host-config-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Repository Host Key File Option (--repo-host-key-file)
Repository host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --repo1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

Repository Host Port Option (--repo-host-port)
Repository host port when repo-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the repository host protocol.
NOTE:
When repo-host-type=ssh there is no default for repo-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on repo-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --repo1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: backup-ssh-port
Repository Host Protocol Type Option (--repo-host-type)
Repository host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --repo1-host-type=tls

Repository Host User Option (--repo-host-user)
Repository host user when repo-host is set.
Defines the user that will be used for operations on the repository host. Preferably this is not the postgres user but rather some other user like pgbackrest. If PostgreSQL runs on the repository host the postgres user can be placed in the pgbackrest group so it has read permissions on the repository without being able to damage the contents accidentally.

    default: pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-host-user=repo-user

Deprecated Name: backup-user
Repository Path Option (--repo-path)
Path where backups and archive are stored.
The repository is where pgBackRest stores backups and archives WAL segments.
It may be difficult to estimate in advance how much space you'll need. The best thing to do is take some backups then record the size of different types of backups (full/incr/diff) and measure the amount of WAL generated per day. This will give you a general idea of how much space you'll need, though of course requirements will likely change over time as your database evolves.

    default: /var/lib/pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-path=/backup/db/backrest

S3 Repository Bucket Option (--repo-s3-bucket)
S3 repository bucket.
S3 bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other AWS generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-s3-bucket=pg-backup

S3 Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-endpoint)
S3 repository endpoint.
The AWS endpoint should be valid for the selected region.
For custom/test configurations the repo-storage-ca-file, repo-storage-ca-path, repo-storage-host, repo-storage-port, and repo-storage-verify-tls options may be useful.

    example: --repo1-s3-endpoint=s3.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository Key Type Option (--repo-s3-key-type)
S3 repository key type.
The following types are supported:

- shared - Shared keys
- auto - Automatically retrieve temporary credentials
- web-id - Automatically retrieve web identity credentials
- pod-id - Automatically retrieve EKS pod identity credentials
- process - Retrieve credentials by executing a process

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-s3-key-type=auto

S3 Repository KMS Key ID Option (--repo-s3-kms-key-id)
S3 repository KMS key.
Enables S3 server-side encryption using the specified AWS key management service key.

    example: --repo1-s3-kms-key-id=bceb4f13-6939-4be3-910d-df54dee817b7

S3 Authentication Process Command Option (--repo-s3-process-cmd)
S3 authentication process command.
Command (and optional arguments) to execute for retrieving temporary S3 credentials. The first list entry is the command and the remaining entries are passed as parameters.
The process must output JSON containing AccessKeyId, SecretAccessKey, SessionToken, and Expiration fields. Credentials will be automatically refreshed before the expiration time. See Process Credential Provider for format details.

    example: --repo1-s3-process-cmd=/usr/local/bin/get-credentials --repo1-s3-process-cmd=--role --repo1-s3-process-cmd=my-role

S3 Repository Region Option (--repo-s3-region)
S3 repository region.
The AWS region where the bucket was created.

    example: --repo1-s3-region=us-east-1

S3 Repository Requestor Pays Option (--repo-s3-requester-pays)
S3 repository requester pays.
Enables S3 requester pays.

    default: n
    example: --no-repo1-s3-requester-pays

S3 Repository Role Option (--repo-s3-role)
S3 repository role.
The AWS role name (not the full ARN) used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=auto.

    example: --repo1-s3-role=authrole

S3 Repository Service Option (--repo-s3-service)
S3 signing service.
The S3 signing service used in SigV4 authentication. Defaults to s3 for standard S3 endpoints. Set to s3-outposts when using an S3 Outposts endpoint.

    default: s3
    example: --repo1-s3-service=s3-outposts

S3 Repository STS Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-sts-host)
S3 repository STS endpoint.
The STS endpoint used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=web-id is configured. Set to a regional endpoint (e.g. sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com) to use regional STS, which may be required for GovCloud, China regions, or to reduce latency.

    default: sts.amazonaws.com
    example: --repo1-s3-sts-host=sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository URI Style Option (--repo-s3-uri-style)
S3 URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to bucket.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend bucket to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-s3-uri-style=path

SFTP Repository Host Option (--repo-sftp-host)
SFTP repository host.
The SFTP host containing the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host=sftprepo.domain

SFTP Repository Host Fingerprint Option (--repo-sftp-host-fingerprint)
SFTP repository host fingerprint.
SFTP repository host fingerprint generation should match the repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type. Generate the fingerprint via awk '{print $2}' ssh_host_xxx_key.pub | base64 -d | (md5sum or sha1sum) -b. The ssh host keys are normally found in the /etc/ssh directory.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-fingerprint=f84e172dfead7aeeeae6c1fdfb5aa8cf

SFTP Host Key Check Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-check-type)
SFTP host key check type.
The following SFTP host key check types are supported:

- strict - pgBackRest will never automatically add host keys to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and refuses to connect to hosts whose host key has changed or is not found in the known hosts files. This option forces the user to manually add all new hosts.
- accept-new - pgBackRest will automatically add new host keys to the user's known hosts file, but will not permit connections to hosts with changed host keys.
- fingerprint - pgBackRest will check the host key against the fingerprint specified by the repo-sftp-host-fingerprint option.
- none - no host key checking will be performed.

    default: strict
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-check-type=accept-new

SFTP Repository Host Key Hash Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type)
SFTP repository host key hash type.
SFTP repository host key hash type. Declares the hash type to be used to compute the digest of the remote system's host key on SSH startup. Newer versions of libssh2 support sha256 in addition to md5 and sha1.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha256

SFTP Repository Host Port Option (--repo-sftp-host-port)
SFTP repository host port.
SFTP repository host port.

    default: 22
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-port=22

SFTP Repository Host User Option (--repo-sftp-host-user)
SFTP repository host user.
User on the host used to store the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-user=pg-backup

SFTP Known Hosts File Option (--repo-sftp-known-host)
SFTP known hosts file.
A known hosts file to search for an SFTP host match during authentication. When unspecified, pgBackRest will default to searching ~/.ssh/known_hosts, ~/.ssh/known_hosts2, /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, and /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2. If configured with one or more file paths, pgBackRest will search those for a match. File paths must be full or leading tilde paths. The repo-sftp-known-host option can be passed multiple times to specify more than one known hosts file to search. To utilize known hosts file checking repo-sftp-host-fingerprint must not be specified. See also repo-sftp-host-check-type option.

    example: --repo1-sftp-known-host=/home/postgres/.ssh/known_hosts

SFTP Repository Private Key File Option (--repo-sftp-private-key-file)
SFTP private key file.
SFTP private key file used for authentication.

    example: --repo1-sftp-private-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519

SFTP Repository Public Key File Option (--repo-sftp-public-key-file)
SFTP public key file.
SFTP public key file used for authentication. Optional if compiled against OpenSSL, required if compiled against a different library.

    example: --repo1-sftp-public-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Repository Storage CA File Option (--repo-storage-ca-file)
Repository storage CA file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-file, repo-s3-ca-file
Repository Storage TLS CA Path Option (--repo-storage-ca-path)
Repository storage CA path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-path, repo-s3-ca-path
Repository Storage Host Option (--repo-storage-host)
Repository storage host.
Connect to a host other than the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint. This is typically used for testing.

    example: --repo1-storage-host=127.0.0.1

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-host, repo-s3-host
Repository Storage Port Option (--repo-storage-port)
Repository storage port.
Port to use when connecting to the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint (or host if specified).

    default: 443
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-storage-port=9000

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-port, repo-s3-port
Repository Storage Tag Option (--repo-storage-tag)
Repository storage tag(s).
Specify tags that will be added to objects when the repository is an object store (e.g. S3). The option can be repeated to add multiple tags.
There is no provision in pgBackRest to modify these tags so be sure to set them correctly before running stanza-create to ensure uniform tags across the entire repository.

    example: --repo1-storage-tag=key1=value1

Repository Storage Upload Chunk Size Option (--repo-storage-upload-chunk-size)
Repository storage upload chunk size.
Object stores such as S3 allow files to be uploaded in chunks when the file is too large to be stored in memory. Even if the file can be stored in memory, it is more memory efficient to limit the amount of memory used for uploads.
A larger chunk size will generally lead to better performance because it will minimize upload requests and allow more files to be uploaded in a single request rather than in chunks. The disadvantage is that memory usage will be higher and because the chunk buffer must be allocated per process, larger process-max values will lead to more memory being consumed overall.
Note that valid chunk sizes vary by storage type and by platform. For example, AWS S3 has a minimum chunk size of 5MiB. Terminology for chunk size varies by storage type, so when searching min/max values use part size for AWS S3, chunk size for GCS, and block size for Azure.
If a file is larger than 1GiB (the maximum size PostgreSQL will create by default) then the chunk size will be increased incrementally up to the maximum allowed in order to complete the file upload.

    default (depending on repo-type):
        azure - 4MiB
        gcs - 4MiB
        s3 - 5MiB

    allow range (depending on repo-type):
        azure - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        gcs - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        s3 - [5MiB, 1GiB]

    example: --repo1-storage-upload-chunk-size=16MiB

Repository Storage Certificate Verify Option (--repo-storage-verify-tls)
Repository storage certificate verify.
This option provides the ability to enable/disable verification of the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) server TLS certificate. Disabling should only be used for testing or other scenarios where a certificate has been self-signed.

    default: y
    example: --no-repo1-storage-verify-tls

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-verify-tls, repo-s3-verify-ssl, repo-s3-verify-tls
Repository Type Option (--repo-type)
Type of storage used for the repository.
The following repository types are supported:

- azure - Azure Blob Storage Service
- cifs - Like posix, but disables links and directory fsyncs
- gcs - Google Cloud Storage
- posix - Posix-compliant file systems
- s3 - AWS Simple Storage Service
- sftp - Secure File Transfer Protocol

When an NFS mount is used as a posix repository, the same rules apply to pgBackRest as described in the PostgreSQL documentation: Creating a Database Cluster - File Systems.

    default: posix
    example: --repo1-type=cifs

Stanza Options
PostgreSQL Database Option (--pg-database)
PostgreSQL database.
The database name used when connecting to PostgreSQL. The default is usually best but some installations may not contain this database.
Note that for legacy reasons the setting of the PGDATABASE environment variable will be ignored.

    default: postgres
    example: --pg1-database=backupdb

PostgreSQL Host Option (--pg-host)
PostgreSQL host for operating remotely.
Used for backups where the PostgreSQL host is different from the repository host.

    example: --pg1-host=db.domain.com

Deprecated Name: db-host
PostgreSQL Host Certificate Authority File Option (--pg-host-ca-file)
PostgreSQL host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the PostgreSQL host.

    example: --pg1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

PostgreSQL Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--pg-host-ca-path)
PostgreSQL host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the PostgreSQL host.

    example: --pg1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

PostgreSQL Host Certificate File Option (--pg-host-cert-file)
PostgreSQL host certificate file.
Sent to PostgreSQL host to prove client identity.

    example: --pg1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

PostgreSQL Host Command Option (--pg-host-cmd)
PostgreSQL host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and PostgreSQL hosts. If not defined, the PostgreSQL host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --pg1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: db-cmd
PostgreSQL Host Configuration Option (--pg-host-config)
pgBackRest database host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the PostgreSQL host. This is only required if the PostgreSQL host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --pg1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: db-config
PostgreSQL Host Configuration Include Path Option (--pg-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest database host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the PostgreSQL host. This is only required if the PostgreSQL host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --pg1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

PostgreSQL Host Configuration Path Option (--pg-host-config-path)
pgBackRest database host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the PostgreSQL host. This is only required if the PostgreSQL host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --pg1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

PostgreSQL Host Key File Option (--pg-host-key-file)
PostgreSQL host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --pg1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

PostgreSQL Host Port Option (--pg-host-port)
PostgreSQL host port when pg-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the PostgreSQL host protocol.
NOTE:
When pg-host-type=ssh there is no default for pg-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on pg-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --pg1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: db-ssh-port
PostgreSQL Host Protocol Type Option (--pg-host-type)
PostgreSQL host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --pg1-host-type=tls

PostgreSQL Host User Option (--pg-host-user)
PostgreSQL host logon user when pg-host is set.
This user will also own the remote pgBackRest process and will initiate connections to PostgreSQL. For this to work correctly the user should be the PostgreSQL database cluster owner which is generally postgres, the default.

    default: postgres
    example: --pg1-host-user=db_owner

Deprecated Name: db-user
PostgreSQL Path Option (--pg-path)
PostgreSQL data directory.
This should be the same as the data_directory reported by PostgreSQL. Even though this value can be read from various places, it is prudent to set it in case those resources are not available during a restore or offline backup scenario.
The pg-path option is tested against the value reported by PostgreSQL on every online backup so it should always be current.

    example: --pg1-path=/data/db

Deprecated Name: db-path
PostgreSQL Port Option (--pg-port)
PostgreSQL port.
Port that PostgreSQL is running on. This usually does not need to be specified as most PostgreSQL clusters run on the default port.

    default: 5432
    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --pg1-port=6543

Deprecated Name: db-port
PostgreSQL Socket Path Option (--pg-socket-path)
PostgreSQL unix socket path.
The unix socket directory that was specified when PostgreSQL was started. pgBackRest will automatically look in the standard location for your OS so there is usually no need to specify this setting unless the socket directory was explicitly modified with the unix_socket_directories setting in postgresql.conf.

    example: --pg1-socket-path=/var/run/postgresql

Deprecated Name: db-socket-path
PostgreSQL Database User Option (--pg-user)
PostgreSQL database user.
The database user name used when connecting to PostgreSQL. If not specified pgBackRest will connect with the local OS user or PGUSER.

    example: --pg1-user=backupuser

Stanza Upgrade Command (stanza-upgrade)
Immediately after upgrading PostgreSQL to a newer major version, the pg-path for all pgBackRest configurations must be set to the new database location and the stanza-upgrade command run. If there is more than one repository configured on the host, the stanza will be upgraded on each. If the database is offline use the --no-online option.
Command Options
Online Option (--online)
Update an online cluster.
Specifying --no-online prevents pgBackRest from connecting to PostgreSQL when upgrading the stanza.

    default: y
    example: --no-online

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Buffer Size Option (--buffer-size)
Buffer size for I/O operations.
Buffer size used for copy, compress, encrypt, and other operations. The number of buffers used depends on options and each operation may use additional memory, e.g. gz compression may use an additional 256KiB of memory.
Allowed values are 16KiB, 32KiB, 64KiB, 128KiB, 256KiB, 512KiB, 1MiB, 2MiB, 4MiB, 8MiB, and 16MiB.

    default: 1MiB
    example: --buffer-size=2MiB

SSH Client Command Option (--cmd-ssh)
SSH client command.
Use a specific SSH client command when an alternate is desired or the ssh command is not in $PATH.

    default: ssh
    example: --cmd-ssh=/usr/bin/ssh

Network Compress Level Option (--compress-level-network)
Network compression level.
Sets the network compression level when compress-type=none and the command is not run on the same host as the repository. Compression is used to reduce network traffic. When compress-type does not equal none the compress-level-network setting is ignored and compress-level is used instead so that the file is only compressed once.

    default: 1
    allowed: [-5, 12]
    example: --compress-level-network=1

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Database Timeout Option (--db-timeout)
Database query timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, for queries against the database. This includes the backup start/stop functions which can each take a substantial amount of time. Because of this the timeout should be kept high unless you know that these functions will return quickly (i.e. if you have set start-fast=y and you know that the database cluster will not generate many WAL segments during the backup).
NOTE:
The db-timeout option must be less than the protocol-timeout option.

    default: 30m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --db-timeout=600

I/O Timeout Option (--io-timeout)
I/O timeout.
Timeout, in seconds, used for connections and read/write operations.
Note that the entire read/write operation does not need to complete within this timeout but some progress must be made, even if it is only a single byte.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1h]
    example: --io-timeout=120

Lock Path Option (--lock-path)
Path where lock files are stored.
The lock path provides a location for pgBackRest to create lock files to prevent conflicting operations from being run concurrently.

    default: /tmp/pgbackrest
    example: --lock-path=/backup/db/lock

Neutral Umask Option (--neutral-umask)
Use a neutral umask.
Sets the umask to 0000 so modes in the repository are created in a sensible way. The default directory mode is 0750 and default file mode is 0640.
To use the executing user's umask instead specify neutral-umask=n in the config file or --no-neutral-umask on the command line.

    default: y
    example: --no-neutral-umask

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Protocol Timeout Option (--protocol-timeout)
Protocol timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, that the local or remote process will wait for a new message to be received on the protocol layer. This prevents processes from waiting indefinitely for a message.
NOTE:
The protocol-timeout option must be greater than the db-timeout option.

    default: 31m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --protocol-timeout=630

Keep Alive Option (--sck-keep-alive)
Keep-alive enable.
Enables keep-alive messages on socket connections.

    default: y
    example: --no-sck-keep-alive

Stanza Option (--stanza)
Defines the stanza.
A stanza is the configuration for a PostgreSQL database cluster that defines where it is located, how it will be backed up, archiving options, etc. Most db servers will only have one PostgreSQL database cluster and therefore one stanza, whereas backup servers will have a stanza for every database cluster that needs to be backed up.
It is tempting to name the stanza after the primary cluster but a better name describes the databases contained in the cluster. Because the stanza name will be used for the primary and all replicas it is more appropriate to choose a name that describes the actual function of the cluster, such as app or dw, rather than the local cluster name, such as main or prod.

    example: --stanza=main

Keep Alive Count Option (--tcp-keep-alive-count)
Keep-alive count.
Specifies the number of TCP keep-alive messages that can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.

    allowed: [1, 32]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-count=3

Keep Alive Idle Option (--tcp-keep-alive-idle)
Keep-alive idle time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) with no network activity after which the operating system should send a TCP keep-alive message.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option.

    allowed: [1, 3600]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-idle=60

Keep Alive Interval Option (--tcp-keep-alive-interval)
Keep-alive interval time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) after which a TCP keep-alive message that has not been acknowledged should be retransmitted.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.

    allowed: [1, 900]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-interval=30

TLSv1.2 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-12)
Allowed TLSv1.2 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. The example is reasonable choice unless you have specific security requirements. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-12=HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL

TLSv1.3 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-13)
Allowed TLSv1.3 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-13=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Subprocesses Option (--log-subprocess)
Enable logging in subprocesses.
Enable file logging for any subprocesses created by this process using the log level specified by log-level-file.

    default: n
    example: --log-subprocess

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Maintainer Options
Force PostgreSQL Version Option (--pg-version-force)
Force PostgreSQL version.
The specified PostgreSQL version will be used instead of the version automatically detected by reading pg_control or WAL headers. This is mainly useful for PostgreSQL forks or development versions where those values are different from the release version. The version reported by PostgreSQL via `server_version_num` must match the forced version.
WARNING:
Be cautious when using this option because pg_control and WAL headers will still be read with the expected format for the specified version, i.e. the format from the official open-source version of PostgreSQL. If the fork or development version changes the format of the fields that pgBackRest depends on it will lead to unexpected behavior. In general, this option will only work as expected if the fork adds all custom struct members after the standard PostgreSQL members.

    example: --pg-version-force=15

Repository Options
Azure Repository Container Option (--repo-azure-container)
Azure repository container.
Azure container used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the container root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other Azure-generated content can also be stored in the container.

    example: --repo1-azure-container=pg-backup

Azure Repository Key Type Option (--repo-azure-key-type)
Azure repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- shared - Shared key
- sas - Shared access signature
- auto - Automatically authorize using Azure managed identities

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-azure-key-type=sas

Azure Repository URI Style Option (--repo-azure-uri-style)
Azure URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to account.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend account to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-azure-uri-style=path

Repository Cipher Type Option (--repo-cipher-type)
Cipher used to encrypt the repository.
The following cipher types are supported:

- none - The repository is not encrypted
- aes-256-cbc - Advanced Encryption Standard with 256 bit key length

Note that encryption is always performed client-side even if the repository type (e.g. S3) supports encryption.

    default: none
    example: --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

GCS Repository Bucket Option (--repo-gcs-bucket)
GCS repository bucket.
GCS bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other GCS-generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-gcs-bucket=/pg-backup

GCS Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-gcs-endpoint)
GCS repository endpoint.
Endpoint used to connect to the storage service. May be updated to use a local GCS server or alternate endpoint.

    default: storage.googleapis.com
    example: --repo1-gcs-endpoint=localhost

GCS Repository Key Type Option (--repo-gcs-key-type)
GCS repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- auto - Authorize using the instance service account.
- service - Service account from locally stored key.
- token - For local testing, e.g. fakegcs.

When repo-gcs-key-type=service the credentials will be reloaded when the authentication token is renewed.

    default: service
    example: --repo1-gcs-key-type=auto

GCS Repository Project ID Option (--repo-gcs-user-project)
GCS project ID.
GCS project ID used to determine request billing.

    example: --repo1-gcs-user-project=my-project

Repository Host Option (--repo-host)
Repository host when operating remotely.
When backing up and archiving to a locally mounted filesystem this setting is not required.

    example: --repo1-host=repo1.domain.com

Deprecated Name: backup-host
Repository Host Certificate Authority File Option (--repo-host-ca-file)
Repository host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Repository Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--repo-host-ca-path)
Repository host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Repository Host Certificate File Option (--repo-host-cert-file)
Repository host certificate file.
Sent to repository host to prove client identity.

    example: --repo1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

Repository Host Command Option (--repo-host-cmd)
Repository host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and repository hosts. If not defined, the repository host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --repo1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: backup-cmd
Repository Host Configuration Option (--repo-host-config)
pgBackRest repository host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --repo1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: backup-config
Repository Host Configuration Include Path Option (--repo-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Repository Host Configuration Path Option (--repo-host-config-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Repository Host Key File Option (--repo-host-key-file)
Repository host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --repo1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

Repository Host Port Option (--repo-host-port)
Repository host port when repo-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the repository host protocol.
NOTE:
When repo-host-type=ssh there is no default for repo-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on repo-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --repo1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: backup-ssh-port
Repository Host Protocol Type Option (--repo-host-type)
Repository host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --repo1-host-type=tls

Repository Host User Option (--repo-host-user)
Repository host user when repo-host is set.
Defines the user that will be used for operations on the repository host. Preferably this is not the postgres user but rather some other user like pgbackrest. If PostgreSQL runs on the repository host the postgres user can be placed in the pgbackrest group so it has read permissions on the repository without being able to damage the contents accidentally.

    default: pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-host-user=repo-user

Deprecated Name: backup-user
Repository Path Option (--repo-path)
Path where backups and archive are stored.
The repository is where pgBackRest stores backups and archives WAL segments.
It may be difficult to estimate in advance how much space you'll need. The best thing to do is take some backups then record the size of different types of backups (full/incr/diff) and measure the amount of WAL generated per day. This will give you a general idea of how much space you'll need, though of course requirements will likely change over time as your database evolves.

    default: /var/lib/pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-path=/backup/db/backrest

S3 Repository Bucket Option (--repo-s3-bucket)
S3 repository bucket.
S3 bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other AWS generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-s3-bucket=pg-backup

S3 Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-endpoint)
S3 repository endpoint.
The AWS endpoint should be valid for the selected region.
For custom/test configurations the repo-storage-ca-file, repo-storage-ca-path, repo-storage-host, repo-storage-port, and repo-storage-verify-tls options may be useful.

    example: --repo1-s3-endpoint=s3.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository Key Type Option (--repo-s3-key-type)
S3 repository key type.
The following types are supported:

- shared - Shared keys
- auto - Automatically retrieve temporary credentials
- web-id - Automatically retrieve web identity credentials
- pod-id - Automatically retrieve EKS pod identity credentials
- process - Retrieve credentials by executing a process

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-s3-key-type=auto

S3 Repository KMS Key ID Option (--repo-s3-kms-key-id)
S3 repository KMS key.
Enables S3 server-side encryption using the specified AWS key management service key.

    example: --repo1-s3-kms-key-id=bceb4f13-6939-4be3-910d-df54dee817b7

S3 Authentication Process Command Option (--repo-s3-process-cmd)
S3 authentication process command.
Command (and optional arguments) to execute for retrieving temporary S3 credentials. The first list entry is the command and the remaining entries are passed as parameters.
The process must output JSON containing AccessKeyId, SecretAccessKey, SessionToken, and Expiration fields. Credentials will be automatically refreshed before the expiration time. See Process Credential Provider for format details.

    example: --repo1-s3-process-cmd=/usr/local/bin/get-credentials --repo1-s3-process-cmd=--role --repo1-s3-process-cmd=my-role

S3 Repository Region Option (--repo-s3-region)
S3 repository region.
The AWS region where the bucket was created.

    example: --repo1-s3-region=us-east-1

S3 Repository Requestor Pays Option (--repo-s3-requester-pays)
S3 repository requester pays.
Enables S3 requester pays.

    default: n
    example: --no-repo1-s3-requester-pays

S3 Repository Role Option (--repo-s3-role)
S3 repository role.
The AWS role name (not the full ARN) used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=auto.

    example: --repo1-s3-role=authrole

S3 Repository Service Option (--repo-s3-service)
S3 signing service.
The S3 signing service used in SigV4 authentication. Defaults to s3 for standard S3 endpoints. Set to s3-outposts when using an S3 Outposts endpoint.

    default: s3
    example: --repo1-s3-service=s3-outposts

S3 Repository STS Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-sts-host)
S3 repository STS endpoint.
The STS endpoint used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=web-id is configured. Set to a regional endpoint (e.g. sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com) to use regional STS, which may be required for GovCloud, China regions, or to reduce latency.

    default: sts.amazonaws.com
    example: --repo1-s3-sts-host=sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository URI Style Option (--repo-s3-uri-style)
S3 URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to bucket.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend bucket to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-s3-uri-style=path

SFTP Repository Host Option (--repo-sftp-host)
SFTP repository host.
The SFTP host containing the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host=sftprepo.domain

SFTP Repository Host Fingerprint Option (--repo-sftp-host-fingerprint)
SFTP repository host fingerprint.
SFTP repository host fingerprint generation should match the repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type. Generate the fingerprint via awk '{print $2}' ssh_host_xxx_key.pub | base64 -d | (md5sum or sha1sum) -b. The ssh host keys are normally found in the /etc/ssh directory.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-fingerprint=f84e172dfead7aeeeae6c1fdfb5aa8cf

SFTP Host Key Check Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-check-type)
SFTP host key check type.
The following SFTP host key check types are supported:

- strict - pgBackRest will never automatically add host keys to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and refuses to connect to hosts whose host key has changed or is not found in the known hosts files. This option forces the user to manually add all new hosts.
- accept-new - pgBackRest will automatically add new host keys to the user's known hosts file, but will not permit connections to hosts with changed host keys.
- fingerprint - pgBackRest will check the host key against the fingerprint specified by the repo-sftp-host-fingerprint option.
- none - no host key checking will be performed.

    default: strict
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-check-type=accept-new

SFTP Repository Host Key Hash Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type)
SFTP repository host key hash type.
SFTP repository host key hash type. Declares the hash type to be used to compute the digest of the remote system's host key on SSH startup. Newer versions of libssh2 support sha256 in addition to md5 and sha1.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha256

SFTP Repository Host Port Option (--repo-sftp-host-port)
SFTP repository host port.
SFTP repository host port.

    default: 22
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-port=22

SFTP Repository Host User Option (--repo-sftp-host-user)
SFTP repository host user.
User on the host used to store the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-user=pg-backup

SFTP Known Hosts File Option (--repo-sftp-known-host)
SFTP known hosts file.
A known hosts file to search for an SFTP host match during authentication. When unspecified, pgBackRest will default to searching ~/.ssh/known_hosts, ~/.ssh/known_hosts2, /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, and /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2. If configured with one or more file paths, pgBackRest will search those for a match. File paths must be full or leading tilde paths. The repo-sftp-known-host option can be passed multiple times to specify more than one known hosts file to search. To utilize known hosts file checking repo-sftp-host-fingerprint must not be specified. See also repo-sftp-host-check-type option.

    example: --repo1-sftp-known-host=/home/postgres/.ssh/known_hosts

SFTP Repository Private Key File Option (--repo-sftp-private-key-file)
SFTP private key file.
SFTP private key file used for authentication.

    example: --repo1-sftp-private-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519

SFTP Repository Public Key File Option (--repo-sftp-public-key-file)
SFTP public key file.
SFTP public key file used for authentication. Optional if compiled against OpenSSL, required if compiled against a different library.

    example: --repo1-sftp-public-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Repository Storage CA File Option (--repo-storage-ca-file)
Repository storage CA file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-file, repo-s3-ca-file
Repository Storage TLS CA Path Option (--repo-storage-ca-path)
Repository storage CA path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-path, repo-s3-ca-path
Repository Storage Host Option (--repo-storage-host)
Repository storage host.
Connect to a host other than the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint. This is typically used for testing.

    example: --repo1-storage-host=127.0.0.1

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-host, repo-s3-host
Repository Storage Port Option (--repo-storage-port)
Repository storage port.
Port to use when connecting to the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint (or host if specified).

    default: 443
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-storage-port=9000

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-port, repo-s3-port
Repository Storage Tag Option (--repo-storage-tag)
Repository storage tag(s).
Specify tags that will be added to objects when the repository is an object store (e.g. S3). The option can be repeated to add multiple tags.
There is no provision in pgBackRest to modify these tags so be sure to set them correctly before running stanza-create to ensure uniform tags across the entire repository.

    example: --repo1-storage-tag=key1=value1

Repository Storage Upload Chunk Size Option (--repo-storage-upload-chunk-size)
Repository storage upload chunk size.
Object stores such as S3 allow files to be uploaded in chunks when the file is too large to be stored in memory. Even if the file can be stored in memory, it is more memory efficient to limit the amount of memory used for uploads.
A larger chunk size will generally lead to better performance because it will minimize upload requests and allow more files to be uploaded in a single request rather than in chunks. The disadvantage is that memory usage will be higher and because the chunk buffer must be allocated per process, larger process-max values will lead to more memory being consumed overall.
Note that valid chunk sizes vary by storage type and by platform. For example, AWS S3 has a minimum chunk size of 5MiB. Terminology for chunk size varies by storage type, so when searching min/max values use part size for AWS S3, chunk size for GCS, and block size for Azure.
If a file is larger than 1GiB (the maximum size PostgreSQL will create by default) then the chunk size will be increased incrementally up to the maximum allowed in order to complete the file upload.

    default (depending on repo-type):
        azure - 4MiB
        gcs - 4MiB
        s3 - 5MiB

    allow range (depending on repo-type):
        azure - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        gcs - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        s3 - [5MiB, 1GiB]

    example: --repo1-storage-upload-chunk-size=16MiB

Repository Storage Certificate Verify Option (--repo-storage-verify-tls)
Repository storage certificate verify.
This option provides the ability to enable/disable verification of the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) server TLS certificate. Disabling should only be used for testing or other scenarios where a certificate has been self-signed.

    default: y
    example: --no-repo1-storage-verify-tls

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-verify-tls, repo-s3-verify-ssl, repo-s3-verify-tls
Repository Type Option (--repo-type)
Type of storage used for the repository.
The following repository types are supported:

- azure - Azure Blob Storage Service
- cifs - Like posix, but disables links and directory fsyncs
- gcs - Google Cloud Storage
- posix - Posix-compliant file systems
- s3 - AWS Simple Storage Service
- sftp - Secure File Transfer Protocol

When an NFS mount is used as a posix repository, the same rules apply to pgBackRest as described in the PostgreSQL documentation: Creating a Database Cluster - File Systems.

    default: posix
    example: --repo1-type=cifs

Stanza Options
PostgreSQL Database Option (--pg-database)
PostgreSQL database.
The database name used when connecting to PostgreSQL. The default is usually best but some installations may not contain this database.
Note that for legacy reasons the setting of the PGDATABASE environment variable will be ignored.

    default: postgres
    example: --pg1-database=backupdb

PostgreSQL Host Option (--pg-host)
PostgreSQL host for operating remotely.
Used for backups where the PostgreSQL host is different from the repository host.

    example: --pg1-host=db.domain.com

Deprecated Name: db-host
PostgreSQL Host Certificate Authority File Option (--pg-host-ca-file)
PostgreSQL host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the PostgreSQL host.

    example: --pg1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

PostgreSQL Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--pg-host-ca-path)
PostgreSQL host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the PostgreSQL host.

    example: --pg1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

PostgreSQL Host Certificate File Option (--pg-host-cert-file)
PostgreSQL host certificate file.
Sent to PostgreSQL host to prove client identity.

    example: --pg1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

PostgreSQL Host Command Option (--pg-host-cmd)
PostgreSQL host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and PostgreSQL hosts. If not defined, the PostgreSQL host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --pg1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: db-cmd
PostgreSQL Host Configuration Option (--pg-host-config)
pgBackRest database host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the PostgreSQL host. This is only required if the PostgreSQL host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --pg1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: db-config
PostgreSQL Host Configuration Include Path Option (--pg-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest database host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the PostgreSQL host. This is only required if the PostgreSQL host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --pg1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

PostgreSQL Host Configuration Path Option (--pg-host-config-path)
pgBackRest database host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the PostgreSQL host. This is only required if the PostgreSQL host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --pg1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

PostgreSQL Host Key File Option (--pg-host-key-file)
PostgreSQL host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --pg1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

PostgreSQL Host Port Option (--pg-host-port)
PostgreSQL host port when pg-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the PostgreSQL host protocol.
NOTE:
When pg-host-type=ssh there is no default for pg-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on pg-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --pg1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: db-ssh-port
PostgreSQL Host Protocol Type Option (--pg-host-type)
PostgreSQL host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --pg1-host-type=tls

PostgreSQL Host User Option (--pg-host-user)
PostgreSQL host logon user when pg-host is set.
This user will also own the remote pgBackRest process and will initiate connections to PostgreSQL. For this to work correctly the user should be the PostgreSQL database cluster owner which is generally postgres, the default.

    default: postgres
    example: --pg1-host-user=db_owner

Deprecated Name: db-user
PostgreSQL Path Option (--pg-path)
PostgreSQL data directory.
This should be the same as the data_directory reported by PostgreSQL. Even though this value can be read from various places, it is prudent to set it in case those resources are not available during a restore or offline backup scenario.
The pg-path option is tested against the value reported by PostgreSQL on every online backup so it should always be current.

    example: --pg1-path=/data/db

Deprecated Name: db-path
PostgreSQL Port Option (--pg-port)
PostgreSQL port.
Port that PostgreSQL is running on. This usually does not need to be specified as most PostgreSQL clusters run on the default port.

    default: 5432
    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --pg1-port=6543

Deprecated Name: db-port
PostgreSQL Socket Path Option (--pg-socket-path)
PostgreSQL unix socket path.
The unix socket directory that was specified when PostgreSQL was started. pgBackRest will automatically look in the standard location for your OS so there is usually no need to specify this setting unless the socket directory was explicitly modified with the unix_socket_directories setting in postgresql.conf.

    example: --pg1-socket-path=/var/run/postgresql

Deprecated Name: db-socket-path
PostgreSQL Database User Option (--pg-user)
PostgreSQL database user.
The database user name used when connecting to PostgreSQL. If not specified pgBackRest will connect with the local OS user or PGUSER.

    example: --pg1-user=backupuser

Start Command (start)
If the pgBackRest processes were previously stopped using the stop command then they can be started again using the start command. Note that this will not immediately start up any pgBackRest processes but they are allowed to run. See Starting and Stopping for more information and examples.
General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Lock Path Option (--lock-path)
Path where lock files are stored.
The lock path provides a location for pgBackRest to create lock files to prevent conflicting operations from being run concurrently.

    default: /tmp/pgbackrest
    example: --lock-path=/backup/db/lock

Neutral Umask Option (--neutral-umask)
Use a neutral umask.
Sets the umask to 0000 so modes in the repository are created in a sensible way. The default directory mode is 0750 and default file mode is 0640.
To use the executing user's umask instead specify neutral-umask=n in the config file or --no-neutral-umask on the command line.

    default: y
    example: --no-neutral-umask

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Stanza Option (--stanza)
Defines the stanza.
A stanza is the configuration for a PostgreSQL database cluster that defines where it is located, how it will be backed up, archiving options, etc. Most db servers will only have one PostgreSQL database cluster and therefore one stanza, whereas backup servers will have a stanza for every database cluster that needs to be backed up.
It is tempting to name the stanza after the primary cluster but a better name describes the databases contained in the cluster. Because the stanza name will be used for the primary and all replicas it is more appropriate to choose a name that describes the actual function of the cluster, such as app or dw, rather than the local cluster name, such as main or prod.

    example: --stanza=main

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Stop Command (stop)
Does not allow any new pgBackRest processes to run. By default running processes will be allowed to complete successfully. Use the --force option to terminate running processes.
pgBackRest processes will return an error if they are run after the stop command completes. See Starting and Stopping for more information and examples.
Command Options
Force Option (--force)
Force all pgBackRest processes to stop.
This option will send TERM signals to all running pgBackRest processes to effect a graceful but immediate shutdown. Note that this will also shutdown processes that were initiated on another system but have remotes running on the current system. For instance, if a backup was started on the backup server then running stop --force on the database server will shutdown the backup process on the backup server.

    default: n
    example: --force

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Lock Path Option (--lock-path)
Path where lock files are stored.
The lock path provides a location for pgBackRest to create lock files to prevent conflicting operations from being run concurrently.

    default: /tmp/pgbackrest
    example: --lock-path=/backup/db/lock

Neutral Umask Option (--neutral-umask)
Use a neutral umask.
Sets the umask to 0000 so modes in the repository are created in a sensible way. The default directory mode is 0750 and default file mode is 0640.
To use the executing user's umask instead specify neutral-umask=n in the config file or --no-neutral-umask on the command line.

    default: y
    example: --no-neutral-umask

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Stanza Option (--stanza)
Defines the stanza.
A stanza is the configuration for a PostgreSQL database cluster that defines where it is located, how it will be backed up, archiving options, etc. Most db servers will only have one PostgreSQL database cluster and therefore one stanza, whereas backup servers will have a stanza for every database cluster that needs to be backed up.
It is tempting to name the stanza after the primary cluster but a better name describes the databases contained in the cluster. Because the stanza name will be used for the primary and all replicas it is more appropriate to choose a name that describes the actual function of the cluster, such as app or dw, rather than the local cluster name, such as main or prod.

    example: --stanza=main

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Verify Command (verify)
Verify determines if the backups and archives in a repository are valid.
Command Options
Output Option (--output)
Output type.
The following output types are supported:

- none - No verify output.
- text - Output verify information to stdout.

    default: none
    example: --output=text

Set Option (--set)
Backup set to verify.
Verify all database and archive files associated with the specified backup set.

    example: --set=20150131-153358F_20150131-153401I

Verbose Option (--verbose)
Verbose output.
Verbose defaults to false, providing a minimal response with important information about errors in the repository. Specifying true provides more information about what was successfully verified.

    default: n
    example: --verbose

General Options
Allow Run as Root Option (--allow-root)
Allow the command to run as the root user.
By default only the restore command may be run as the root user since it is designed to carefully manage file ownership. Running other commands as root risks creating files (e.g. in the repository) that are owned by root and therefore inaccessible to the PostgreSQL user, causing later commands to fail.
Enable this option to run a command as root anyway. However, it is far better to run pgBackRest as the user that owns the repository and PostgreSQL cluster.

    default: n
    example: --allow-root

Buffer Size Option (--buffer-size)
Buffer size for I/O operations.
Buffer size used for copy, compress, encrypt, and other operations. The number of buffers used depends on options and each operation may use additional memory, e.g. gz compression may use an additional 256KiB of memory.
Allowed values are 16KiB, 32KiB, 64KiB, 128KiB, 256KiB, 512KiB, 1MiB, 2MiB, 4MiB, 8MiB, and 16MiB.

    default: 1MiB
    example: --buffer-size=2MiB

pgBackRest Command Option (--cmd)
pgBackRest command.
pgBackRest may generate a command string, e.g. when the restore command generates the restore_command setting. The command used to run the pgBackRest process will be used in this case unless the cmd option is provided.
CAUTION:
Wrapping the pgBackRest command may cause unpredictable behavior and is not recommended.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --cmd=/var/lib/pgsql/bin/pgbackrest_wrapper.sh

SSH Client Command Option (--cmd-ssh)
SSH client command.
Use a specific SSH client command when an alternate is desired or the ssh command is not in $PATH.

    default: ssh
    example: --cmd-ssh=/usr/bin/ssh

Network Compress Level Option (--compress-level-network)
Network compression level.
Sets the network compression level when compress-type=none and the command is not run on the same host as the repository. Compression is used to reduce network traffic. When compress-type does not equal none the compress-level-network setting is ignored and compress-level is used instead so that the file is only compressed once.

    default: 1
    allowed: [-5, 12]
    example: --compress-level-network=1

Config Option (--config)
pgBackRest configuration file.
Use this option to specify a different configuration file than the default.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Config Include Path Option (--config-include-path)
Path to additional pgBackRest configuration files.
Configuration files existing in the specified location with extension .conf will be concatenated with the pgBackRest configuration file, resulting in one configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Config Path Option (--config-path)
Base path of pgBackRest configuration files.
This setting is used to override the default base path setting for the --config and --config-include-path options unless they are explicitly set on the command-line.
For example, passing only --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest results in the --config default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf and the --config-include-path default being set to /conf/pgbackrest/conf.d.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

I/O Timeout Option (--io-timeout)
I/O timeout.
Timeout, in seconds, used for connections and read/write operations.
Note that the entire read/write operation does not need to complete within this timeout but some progress must be made, even if it is only a single byte.

    default: 1m
    allowed: [100ms, 1h]
    example: --io-timeout=120

Neutral Umask Option (--neutral-umask)
Use a neutral umask.
Sets the umask to 0000 so modes in the repository are created in a sensible way. The default directory mode is 0750 and default file mode is 0640.
To use the executing user's umask instead specify neutral-umask=n in the config file or --no-neutral-umask on the command line.

    default: y
    example: --no-neutral-umask

Set Process Priority Option (--priority)
Set process priority.
Defines how much priority (i.e. niceness) will be given to the process by the kernel scheduler. Positive values decrease priority and negative values increase priority. In most case processes do not have permission to increase their priority.

    allowed: [-20, 19]
    example: --priority=19

Process Maximum Option (--process-max)
Max processes to use for compress/transfer.
Each process will perform compression and transfer to make the command run faster, but don't set process-max so high that it impacts database performance.

    default: 1
    allowed: [1, 999]
    example: --process-max=4

Protocol Timeout Option (--protocol-timeout)
Protocol timeout.
Sets the timeout, in seconds, that the local or remote process will wait for a new message to be received on the protocol layer. This prevents processes from waiting indefinitely for a message.
NOTE:
The protocol-timeout option must be greater than the db-timeout option.

    default: 31m
    allowed: [100ms, 7d]
    example: --protocol-timeout=630

Keep Alive Option (--sck-keep-alive)
Keep-alive enable.
Enables keep-alive messages on socket connections.

    default: y
    example: --no-sck-keep-alive

Stanza Option (--stanza)
Defines the stanza.
A stanza is the configuration for a PostgreSQL database cluster that defines where it is located, how it will be backed up, archiving options, etc. Most db servers will only have one PostgreSQL database cluster and therefore one stanza, whereas backup servers will have a stanza for every database cluster that needs to be backed up.
It is tempting to name the stanza after the primary cluster but a better name describes the databases contained in the cluster. Because the stanza name will be used for the primary and all replicas it is more appropriate to choose a name that describes the actual function of the cluster, such as app or dw, rather than the local cluster name, such as main or prod.

    example: --stanza=main

Keep Alive Count Option (--tcp-keep-alive-count)
Keep-alive count.
Specifies the number of TCP keep-alive messages that can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPCNT socket option.

    allowed: [1, 32]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-count=3

Keep Alive Idle Option (--tcp-keep-alive-idle)
Keep-alive idle time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) with no network activity after which the operating system should send a TCP keep-alive message.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPIDLE socket option.

    allowed: [1, 3600]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-idle=60

Keep Alive Interval Option (--tcp-keep-alive-interval)
Keep-alive interval time.
Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) after which a TCP keep-alive message that has not been acknowledged should be retransmitted.
This option is available on systems that support the TCP_KEEPINTVL socket option.

    allowed: [1, 900]
    example: --tcp-keep-alive-interval=30

TLSv1.2 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-12)
Allowed TLSv1.2 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. The example is reasonable choice unless you have specific security requirements. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-12=HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL

TLSv1.3 cipher suites Option (--tls-cipher-13)
Allowed TLSv1.3 cipher suites.
All TLS connections between the pgBackRest client and server are encrypted. By default, connections to objects stores (e.g. S3) are also encrypted.
NOTE:
The absolute minimum security level for any transport connection is TLSv1.2.
The accepted cipher suites can be adjusted if need arises. If unset (the default), the default of the underlying OpenSSL library applies.

    example: --tls-cipher-13=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

Log Options
Console Log Level Option (--log-level-console)
Level for console logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: warn
    example: --log-level-console=error

File Log Level Option (--log-level-file)
Level for file logging.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: info
    example: --log-level-file=debug

Std Error Log Level Option (--log-level-stderr)
Level for stderr logging.
Specifies which log levels will output to stderr rather than stdout (specified by log-level-console). The timestamp and process will not be output to stderr.
The following log levels are supported:

- off - No logging at all (not recommended)
- error - Log only errors
- warn - Log warnings and errors
- info - Log info, warnings, and errors
- detail - Log detail, info, warnings, and errors
- debug - Log debug, detail, info, warnings, and errors
- trace - Log trace (very verbose debugging), debug, info, warnings, and errors

    default: off
    example: --log-level-stderr=error

Log Path Option (--log-path)
Path where log files are stored.
The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

    default: /var/log/pgbackrest
    example: --log-path=/backup/db/log

Log Subprocesses Option (--log-subprocess)
Enable logging in subprocesses.
Enable file logging for any subprocesses created by this process using the log level specified by log-level-file.

    default: n
    example: --log-subprocess

Log Timestamp Option (--log-timestamp)
Enable timestamp in logging.
Enables the timestamp in console and file logging. This option is disabled in special situations such as generating documentation.

    default: y
    example: --no-log-timestamp

Maintainer Options
Force PostgreSQL Version Option (--pg-version-force)
Force PostgreSQL version.
The specified PostgreSQL version will be used instead of the version automatically detected by reading pg_control or WAL headers. This is mainly useful for PostgreSQL forks or development versions where those values are different from the release version. The version reported by PostgreSQL via `server_version_num` must match the forced version.
WARNING:
Be cautious when using this option because pg_control and WAL headers will still be read with the expected format for the specified version, i.e. the format from the official open-source version of PostgreSQL. If the fork or development version changes the format of the fields that pgBackRest depends on it will lead to unexpected behavior. In general, this option will only work as expected if the fork adds all custom struct members after the standard PostgreSQL members.

    example: --pg-version-force=15

Repository Options
Set Repository Option (--repo)
Set repository.
Set the repository for a command to operate on.
For example, this option may be used to perform a restore from a specific repository, rather than letting pgBackRest choose.

    allowed: [1, 256]
    example: --repo=1

Azure Repository Container Option (--repo-azure-container)
Azure repository container.
Azure container used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the container root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other Azure-generated content can also be stored in the container.

    example: --repo1-azure-container=pg-backup

Azure Repository Key Type Option (--repo-azure-key-type)
Azure repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- shared - Shared key
- sas - Shared access signature
- auto - Automatically authorize using Azure managed identities

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-azure-key-type=sas

Azure Repository URI Style Option (--repo-azure-uri-style)
Azure URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to account.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend account to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-azure-uri-style=path

Repository Cipher Type Option (--repo-cipher-type)
Cipher used to encrypt the repository.
The following cipher types are supported:

- none - The repository is not encrypted
- aes-256-cbc - Advanced Encryption Standard with 256 bit key length

Note that encryption is always performed client-side even if the repository type (e.g. S3) supports encryption.

    default: none
    example: --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

GCS Repository Bucket Option (--repo-gcs-bucket)
GCS repository bucket.
GCS bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other GCS-generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-gcs-bucket=/pg-backup

GCS Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-gcs-endpoint)
GCS repository endpoint.
Endpoint used to connect to the storage service. May be updated to use a local GCS server or alternate endpoint.

    default: storage.googleapis.com
    example: --repo1-gcs-endpoint=localhost

GCS Repository Key Type Option (--repo-gcs-key-type)
GCS repository key type.
The following types are supported for authorization:

- auto - Authorize using the instance service account.
- service - Service account from locally stored key.
- token - For local testing, e.g. fakegcs.

When repo-gcs-key-type=service the credentials will be reloaded when the authentication token is renewed.

    default: service
    example: --repo1-gcs-key-type=auto

GCS Repository Project ID Option (--repo-gcs-user-project)
GCS project ID.
GCS project ID used to determine request billing.

    example: --repo1-gcs-user-project=my-project

Repository Host Option (--repo-host)
Repository host when operating remotely.
When backing up and archiving to a locally mounted filesystem this setting is not required.

    example: --repo1-host=repo1.domain.com

Deprecated Name: backup-host
Repository Host Certificate Authority File Option (--repo-host-ca-file)
Repository host certificate authority file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Repository Host Certificate Authority Path Option (--repo-host-ca-path)
Repository host certificate authority path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for connecting to the repository host.

    example: --repo1-host-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Repository Host Certificate File Option (--repo-host-cert-file)
Repository host certificate file.
Sent to repository host to prove client identity.

    example: --repo1-host-cert-file=/path/to/client.crt

Repository Host Command Option (--repo-host-cmd)
Repository host pgBackRest command.
Required only if the path to the pgBackRest command is different on the local and repository hosts. If not defined, the repository host command will be set the same as the local command.

    default: [path of executed pgbackrest binary]
    example: --repo1-host-cmd=/usr/lib/backrest/bin/pgbackrest

Deprecated Name: backup-cmd
Repository Host Configuration Option (--repo-host-config)
pgBackRest repository host configuration file.
Sets the location of the configuration file on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration file is in a different location than the local configuration file.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE
    example: --repo1-host-config=/conf/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

Deprecated Name: backup-config
Repository Host Configuration Include Path Option (--repo-host-config-include-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration include path.
Sets the location of the configuration include path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration include path is in a different location than the local configuration include path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH "/" PROJECT_CONFIG_INCLUDE_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-include-path=/conf/pgbackrest/conf.d

Repository Host Configuration Path Option (--repo-host-config-path)
pgBackRest repository host configuration path.
Sets the location of the configuration path on the repository host. This is only required if the repository host configuration path is in a different location than the local configuration path.

    default: CFGOPTDEF_CONFIG_PATH
    example: --repo1-host-config-path=/conf/pgbackrest

Repository Host Key File Option (--repo-host-key-file)
Repository host key file.
Proves client certificate was sent by owner.

    example: --repo1-host-key-file=/path/to/client.key

Repository Host Port Option (--repo-host-port)
Repository host port when repo-host is set.
Use this option to specify a non-default port for the repository host protocol.
NOTE:
When repo-host-type=ssh there is no default for repo-host-port. In this case the port will be whatever is configured for the command specified by cmd-ssh.

    default (depending on repo-host-type):
        tls - 8432

    allowed: [0, 65535]
    example: --repo1-host-port=25

Deprecated Name: backup-ssh-port
Repository Host Protocol Type Option (--repo-host-type)
Repository host protocol type.
The following protocol types are supported:

- ssh - Secure Shell.
- tls - pgBackRest TLS server.

    default: ssh
    example: --repo1-host-type=tls

Repository Host User Option (--repo-host-user)
Repository host user when repo-host is set.
Defines the user that will be used for operations on the repository host. Preferably this is not the postgres user but rather some other user like pgbackrest. If PostgreSQL runs on the repository host the postgres user can be placed in the pgbackrest group so it has read permissions on the repository without being able to damage the contents accidentally.

    default: pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-host-user=repo-user

Deprecated Name: backup-user
Repository Path Option (--repo-path)
Path where backups and archive are stored.
The repository is where pgBackRest stores backups and archives WAL segments.
It may be difficult to estimate in advance how much space you'll need. The best thing to do is take some backups then record the size of different types of backups (full/incr/diff) and measure the amount of WAL generated per day. This will give you a general idea of how much space you'll need, though of course requirements will likely change over time as your database evolves.

    default: /var/lib/pgbackrest
    example: --repo1-path=/backup/db/backrest

S3 Repository Bucket Option (--repo-s3-bucket)
S3 repository bucket.
S3 bucket used to store the repository.
pgBackRest repositories can be stored in the bucket root by setting repo-path=/ but it is usually best to specify a prefix, such as /repo, so logs and other AWS generated content can also be stored in the bucket.

    example: --repo1-s3-bucket=pg-backup

S3 Repository Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-endpoint)
S3 repository endpoint.
The AWS endpoint should be valid for the selected region.
For custom/test configurations the repo-storage-ca-file, repo-storage-ca-path, repo-storage-host, repo-storage-port, and repo-storage-verify-tls options may be useful.

    example: --repo1-s3-endpoint=s3.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository Key Type Option (--repo-s3-key-type)
S3 repository key type.
The following types are supported:

- shared - Shared keys
- auto - Automatically retrieve temporary credentials
- web-id - Automatically retrieve web identity credentials
- pod-id - Automatically retrieve EKS pod identity credentials
- process - Retrieve credentials by executing a process

    default: shared
    example: --repo1-s3-key-type=auto

S3 Repository KMS Key ID Option (--repo-s3-kms-key-id)
S3 repository KMS key.
Enables S3 server-side encryption using the specified AWS key management service key.

    example: --repo1-s3-kms-key-id=bceb4f13-6939-4be3-910d-df54dee817b7

S3 Authentication Process Command Option (--repo-s3-process-cmd)
S3 authentication process command.
Command (and optional arguments) to execute for retrieving temporary S3 credentials. The first list entry is the command and the remaining entries are passed as parameters.
The process must output JSON containing AccessKeyId, SecretAccessKey, SessionToken, and Expiration fields. Credentials will be automatically refreshed before the expiration time. See Process Credential Provider for format details.

    example: --repo1-s3-process-cmd=/usr/local/bin/get-credentials --repo1-s3-process-cmd=--role --repo1-s3-process-cmd=my-role

S3 Repository Region Option (--repo-s3-region)
S3 repository region.
The AWS region where the bucket was created.

    example: --repo1-s3-region=us-east-1

S3 Repository Requestor Pays Option (--repo-s3-requester-pays)
S3 repository requester pays.
Enables S3 requester pays.

    default: n
    example: --no-repo1-s3-requester-pays

S3 Repository Role Option (--repo-s3-role)
S3 repository role.
The AWS role name (not the full ARN) used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=auto.

    example: --repo1-s3-role=authrole

S3 Repository Service Option (--repo-s3-service)
S3 signing service.
The S3 signing service used in SigV4 authentication. Defaults to s3 for standard S3 endpoints. Set to s3-outposts when using an S3 Outposts endpoint.

    default: s3
    example: --repo1-s3-service=s3-outposts

S3 Repository STS Endpoint Option (--repo-s3-sts-host)
S3 repository STS endpoint.
The STS endpoint used to retrieve temporary credentials when repo-s3-key-type=web-id is configured. Set to a regional endpoint (e.g. sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com) to use regional STS, which may be required for GovCloud, China regions, or to reduce latency.

    default: sts.amazonaws.com
    example: --repo1-s3-sts-host=sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

S3 Repository URI Style Option (--repo-s3-uri-style)
S3 URI Style.
The following URI styles are supported:

- host - Connect to bucket.endpoint host.
- path - Connect to endpoint host and prepend bucket to URIs.

    default: host
    example: --repo1-s3-uri-style=path

SFTP Repository Host Option (--repo-sftp-host)
SFTP repository host.
The SFTP host containing the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host=sftprepo.domain

SFTP Repository Host Fingerprint Option (--repo-sftp-host-fingerprint)
SFTP repository host fingerprint.
SFTP repository host fingerprint generation should match the repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type. Generate the fingerprint via awk '{print $2}' ssh_host_xxx_key.pub | base64 -d | (md5sum or sha1sum) -b. The ssh host keys are normally found in the /etc/ssh directory.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-fingerprint=f84e172dfead7aeeeae6c1fdfb5aa8cf

SFTP Host Key Check Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-check-type)
SFTP host key check type.
The following SFTP host key check types are supported:

- strict - pgBackRest will never automatically add host keys to the ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and refuses to connect to hosts whose host key has changed or is not found in the known hosts files. This option forces the user to manually add all new hosts.
- accept-new - pgBackRest will automatically add new host keys to the user's known hosts file, but will not permit connections to hosts with changed host keys.
- fingerprint - pgBackRest will check the host key against the fingerprint specified by the repo-sftp-host-fingerprint option.
- none - no host key checking will be performed.

    default: strict
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-check-type=accept-new

SFTP Repository Host Key Hash Type Option (--repo-sftp-host-key-hash-type)
SFTP repository host key hash type.
SFTP repository host key hash type. Declares the hash type to be used to compute the digest of the remote system's host key on SSH startup. Newer versions of libssh2 support sha256 in addition to md5 and sha1.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha256

SFTP Repository Host Port Option (--repo-sftp-host-port)
SFTP repository host port.
SFTP repository host port.

    default: 22
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-sftp-host-port=22

SFTP Repository Host User Option (--repo-sftp-host-user)
SFTP repository host user.
User on the host used to store the repository.

    example: --repo1-sftp-host-user=pg-backup

SFTP Known Hosts File Option (--repo-sftp-known-host)
SFTP known hosts file.
A known hosts file to search for an SFTP host match during authentication. When unspecified, pgBackRest will default to searching ~/.ssh/known_hosts, ~/.ssh/known_hosts2, /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts, and /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2. If configured with one or more file paths, pgBackRest will search those for a match. File paths must be full or leading tilde paths. The repo-sftp-known-host option can be passed multiple times to specify more than one known hosts file to search. To utilize known hosts file checking repo-sftp-host-fingerprint must not be specified. See also repo-sftp-host-check-type option.

    example: --repo1-sftp-known-host=/home/postgres/.ssh/known_hosts

SFTP Repository Private Key File Option (--repo-sftp-private-key-file)
SFTP private key file.
SFTP private key file used for authentication.

    example: --repo1-sftp-private-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519

SFTP Repository Public Key File Option (--repo-sftp-public-key-file)
SFTP public key file.
SFTP public key file used for authentication. Optional if compiled against OpenSSL, required if compiled against a different library.

    example: --repo1-sftp-public-key-file=~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Repository Storage CA File Option (--repo-storage-ca-file)
Repository storage CA file.
Use a CA file other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-file=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-file, repo-s3-ca-file
Repository Storage TLS CA Path Option (--repo-storage-ca-path)
Repository storage CA path.
Use a CA path other than the system default for storage (e.g. S3, Azure) certificates.

    example: --repo1-storage-ca-path=/etc/pki/tls/certs

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-ca-path, repo-s3-ca-path
Repository Storage Host Option (--repo-storage-host)
Repository storage host.
Connect to a host other than the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint. This is typically used for testing.

    example: --repo1-storage-host=127.0.0.1

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-host, repo-s3-host
Repository Storage Port Option (--repo-storage-port)
Repository storage port.
Port to use when connecting to the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) endpoint (or host if specified).

    default: 443
    allowed: [1, 65535]
    example: --repo1-storage-port=9000

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-port, repo-s3-port
Repository Storage Tag Option (--repo-storage-tag)
Repository storage tag(s).
Specify tags that will be added to objects when the repository is an object store (e.g. S3). The option can be repeated to add multiple tags.
There is no provision in pgBackRest to modify these tags so be sure to set them correctly before running stanza-create to ensure uniform tags across the entire repository.

    example: --repo1-storage-tag=key1=value1

Repository Storage Upload Chunk Size Option (--repo-storage-upload-chunk-size)
Repository storage upload chunk size.
Object stores such as S3 allow files to be uploaded in chunks when the file is too large to be stored in memory. Even if the file can be stored in memory, it is more memory efficient to limit the amount of memory used for uploads.
A larger chunk size will generally lead to better performance because it will minimize upload requests and allow more files to be uploaded in a single request rather than in chunks. The disadvantage is that memory usage will be higher and because the chunk buffer must be allocated per process, larger process-max values will lead to more memory being consumed overall.
Note that valid chunk sizes vary by storage type and by platform. For example, AWS S3 has a minimum chunk size of 5MiB. Terminology for chunk size varies by storage type, so when searching min/max values use part size for AWS S3, chunk size for GCS, and block size for Azure.
If a file is larger than 1GiB (the maximum size PostgreSQL will create by default) then the chunk size will be increased incrementally up to the maximum allowed in order to complete the file upload.

    default (depending on repo-type):
        azure - 4MiB
        gcs - 4MiB
        s3 - 5MiB

    allow range (depending on repo-type):
        azure - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        gcs - [4MiB, 1GiB]
        s3 - [5MiB, 1GiB]

    example: --repo1-storage-upload-chunk-size=16MiB

Repository Storage Certificate Verify Option (--repo-storage-verify-tls)
Repository storage certificate verify.
This option provides the ability to enable/disable verification of the storage (e.g. S3, Azure) server TLS certificate. Disabling should only be used for testing or other scenarios where a certificate has been self-signed.

    default: y
    example: --no-repo1-storage-verify-tls

Deprecated Names: repo-azure-verify-tls, repo-s3-verify-ssl, repo-s3-verify-tls
Target Time for Repository Option (--repo-target-time)
Target time for repository.
The target time defines the time that commands use to read a repository on versioned storage. This allows the command to read the repository as it was at a point-in-time in order to recover data that has been deleted or corrupted by user accident or malware.
Versioned storage is supported by S3, GCS, and Azure but is generally not enabled by default. In addition to enabling versioning, it may be useful to enable object locking for S3 and soft delete for GCS or Azure.
When the repo-target-time option is specified then the repo option must also be provided. It is likely that not all repository types will support versioning and in general it makes sense to target a single repository for recovery.
Note that comparisons to the storage timestamp are <= the timestamp provided and milliseconds are truncated from the timestamp when provided.

    example: --repo-target-time=2024-08-08 12:12:12+00

Repository Type Option (--repo-type)
Type of storage used for the repository.
The following repository types are supported:

- azure - Azure Blob Storage Service
- cifs - Like posix, but disables links and directory fsyncs
- gcs - Google Cloud Storage
- posix - Posix-compliant file systems
- s3 - AWS Simple Storage Service
- sftp - Secure File Transfer Protocol

When an NFS mount is used as a posix repository, the same rules apply to pgBackRest as described in the PostgreSQL documentation: Creating a Database Cluster - File Systems.

    default: posix
    example: --repo1-type=cifs

Version Command (version)
Displays installed pgBackRest version.
Command Options
Output Option (--output)
Output type.
The following output types are supported:

- text - Display the installed pgBackRest version as text.
- num - Display the installed pgBackRest version as an integer.

    default: text
    example: --output=num