NAME
    Archive::Zip - Provide an interface to ZIP archive files.

SYNOPSIS
       # Create a Zip file
       use Archive::Zip qw( :ERROR_CODES :CONSTANTS );
       my $zip = Archive::Zip->new();

       # Add a directory
       my $dir_member = $zip->addDirectory( 'dirname/' );

       # Add a file from a string with compression
       my $string_member = $zip->addString( 'This is a test', 'stringMember.txt' );
       $string_member->desiredCompressionMethod( COMPRESSION_DEFLATED );

       # Add a file from disk
       my $file_member = $zip->addFile( 'xyz.pl', 'AnotherName.pl' );

       # Save the Zip file
       unless ( $zip->writeToFileNamed('someZip.zip') == AZ_OK ) {
           die 'write error';
       }

       # Read a Zip file
       my $somezip = Archive::Zip->new();
       unless ( $somezip->read( 'someZip.zip' ) == AZ_OK ) {
           die 'read error';
       }

       # Change the compression type for a file in the Zip
       my $member = $somezip->memberNamed( 'stringMember.txt' );
       $member->desiredCompressionMethod( COMPRESSION_STORED );
       unless ( $zip->writeToFileNamed( 'someOtherZip.zip' ) == AZ_OK ) {
           die 'write error';
       }

DESCRIPTION
    The Archive::Zip module allows a Perl program to create, manipulate,
    read, and write Zip archive files.

    Zip archives can be created, or you can read from existing zip files.

    Once created, they can be written to files, streams, or strings. Members
    can be added, removed, extracted, replaced, rearranged, and enumerated.
    They can also be renamed or have their dates, comments, or other
    attributes queried or modified. Their data can be compressed or
    uncompressed as needed.

    Members can be created from members in existing Zip files, or from
    existing directories, files, or strings.

    This module uses the Compress::Raw::Zlib library to read and write the
    compressed streams inside the files.

    One can use Archive::Zip::MemberRead to read the zip file archive
    members as if they were files.

  File Naming
    Regardless of what your local file system uses for file naming, names in
    a Zip file are in Unix format (*forward* slashes (/) separating
    directory names, etc.).

    "Archive::Zip" tries to be consistent with file naming conventions, and
    will translate back and forth between native and Zip file names.

    However, it can't guess which format names are in. So two rules control
    what kind of file name you must pass various routines:

    Names of files are in local format.
        "File::Spec" and "File::Basename" are used for various file
        operations. When you're referring to a file on your system, use its
        file naming conventions.

    Names of archive members are in Unix format.
        This applies to every method that refers to an archive member, or
        provides a name for new archive members. The "extract()" methods
        that can take one or two names will convert from local to zip names
        if you call them with a single name.

  Archive::Zip Object Model
   Overview
    Archive::Zip::Archive objects are what you ordinarily deal with. These
    maintain the structure of a zip file, without necessarily holding data.
    When a zip is read from a disk file, the (possibly compressed) data
    still lives in the file, not in memory. Archive members hold information
    about the individual members, but not (usually) the actual member data.
    When the zip is written to a (different) file, the member data is
    compressed or copied as needed. It is possible to make archive members
    whose data is held in a string in memory, but this is not done when a
    zip file is read. Directory members don't have any data.

  Inheritance
      Exporter
       Archive::Zip                            Common base class, has defs.
           Archive::Zip::Archive               A Zip archive.
           Archive::Zip::Member                Abstract superclass for all members.
               Archive::Zip::StringMember      Member made from a string
               Archive::Zip::FileMember        Member made from an external file
                   Archive::Zip::ZipFileMember Member that lives in a zip file
                   Archive::Zip::NewFileMember Member whose data is in a file
               Archive::Zip::DirectoryMember   Member that is a directory

EXPORTS
    :CONSTANTS
        Exports the following constants:

        FA_MSDOS FA_UNIX GPBF_ENCRYPTED_MASK GPBF_DEFLATING_COMPRESSION_MASK
        GPBF_HAS_DATA_DESCRIPTOR_MASK COMPRESSION_STORED
        COMPRESSION_DEFLATED IFA_TEXT_FILE_MASK IFA_TEXT_FILE
        IFA_BINARY_FILE COMPRESSION_LEVEL_NONE COMPRESSION_LEVEL_DEFAULT
        COMPRESSION_LEVEL_FASTEST COMPRESSION_LEVEL_BEST_COMPRESSION

    :MISC_CONSTANTS
        Exports the following constants (only necessary for extending the
        module):

        FA_AMIGA FA_VAX_VMS FA_VM_CMS FA_ATARI_ST FA_OS2_HPFS FA_MACINTOSH
        FA_Z_SYSTEM FA_CPM FA_WINDOWS_NTFS
        GPBF_IMPLODING_8K_SLIDING_DICTIONARY_MASK
        GPBF_IMPLODING_3_SHANNON_FANO_TREES_MASK
        GPBF_IS_COMPRESSED_PATCHED_DATA_MASK COMPRESSION_SHRUNK
        DEFLATING_COMPRESSION_NORMAL DEFLATING_COMPRESSION_MAXIMUM
        DEFLATING_COMPRESSION_FAST DEFLATING_COMPRESSION_SUPER_FAST
        COMPRESSION_REDUCED_1 COMPRESSION_REDUCED_2 COMPRESSION_REDUCED_3
        COMPRESSION_REDUCED_4 COMPRESSION_IMPLODED COMPRESSION_TOKENIZED
        COMPRESSION_DEFLATED_ENHANCED
        COMPRESSION_PKWARE_DATA_COMPRESSION_LIBRARY_IMPLODED

    :ERROR_CODES
        Explained below. Returned from most methods.

        AZ_OK AZ_STREAM_END AZ_ERROR AZ_FORMAT_ERROR AZ_IO_ERROR

ERROR CODES
    Many of the methods in Archive::Zip return error codes. These are
    implemented as inline subroutines, using the "use constant" pragma. They
    can be imported into your namespace using the ":ERROR_CODES" tag:

      use Archive::Zip qw( :ERROR_CODES );

      ...

      unless ( $zip->read( 'myfile.zip' ) == AZ_OK ) {
          die "whoops!";
      }

    AZ_OK (0)
        Everything is fine.

    AZ_STREAM_END (1)
        The read stream (or central directory) ended normally.

    AZ_ERROR (2)
        There was some generic kind of error.

    AZ_FORMAT_ERROR (3)
        There is a format error in a ZIP file being read.

    AZ_IO_ERROR (4)
        There was an IO error.

  Compression
    Archive::Zip allows each member of a ZIP file to be compressed (using
    the Deflate algorithm) or uncompressed.

    Other compression algorithms that some versions of ZIP have been able to
    produce are not supported. Each member has two compression methods: the
    one it's stored as (this is always COMPRESSION_STORED for string and
    external file members), and the one you desire for the member in the zip
    file.

    These can be different, of course, so you can make a zip member that is
    not compressed out of one that is, and vice versa.

    You can inquire about the current compression and set the desired
    compression method:

      my $member = $zip->memberNamed( 'xyz.txt' );
      $member->compressionMethod();    # return current compression

      # set to read uncompressed
      $member->desiredCompressionMethod( COMPRESSION_STORED );

      # set to read compressed
      $member->desiredCompressionMethod( COMPRESSION_DEFLATED );

    There are two different compression methods:

    COMPRESSION_STORED
        File is stored (no compression)

    COMPRESSION_DEFLATED
        File is Deflated

  Compression Levels
    If a member's desiredCompressionMethod is COMPRESSION_DEFLATED, you can
    choose different compression levels. This choice may affect the speed of
    compression and decompression, as well as the size of the compressed
    member data.

      $member->desiredCompressionLevel( 9 );

    The levels given can be:

    *   0 or COMPRESSION_LEVEL_NONE

        This is the same as saying

          $member->desiredCompressionMethod( COMPRESSION_STORED );

    *   1 .. 9

        1 gives the best speed and worst compression, and 9 gives the best
        compression and worst speed.

    *   COMPRESSION_LEVEL_FASTEST

        This is a synonym for level 1.

    *   COMPRESSION_LEVEL_BEST_COMPRESSION

        This is a synonym for level 9.

    *   COMPRESSION_LEVEL_DEFAULT

        This gives a good compromise between speed and compression, and is
        currently equivalent to 6 (this is in the zlib code). This is the
        level that will be used if not specified.

Archive::Zip Methods
    The Archive::Zip class (and its invisible subclass
    Archive::Zip::Archive) implement generic zip file functionality.
    Creating a new Archive::Zip object actually makes an
    Archive::Zip::Archive object, but you don't have to worry about this
    unless you're subclassing.

  Constructor
    new( [$fileName] )
    new( { filename => $fileName } )
        Make a new, empty zip archive.

            my $zip = Archive::Zip->new();

        If an additional argument is passed, new() will call read() to read
        the contents of an archive:

            my $zip = Archive::Zip->new( 'xyz.zip' );

        If a filename argument is passed and the read fails for any reason,
        new will return undef. For this reason, it may be better to call
        read separately.

  Zip Archive Utility Methods
    These Archive::Zip methods may be called as functions or as object
    methods. Do not call them as class methods:

        $zip = Archive::Zip->new();
        $crc = Archive::Zip::computeCRC32( 'ghijkl' );    # OK
        $crc = $zip->computeCRC32( 'ghijkl' );            # also OK
        $crc = Archive::Zip->computeCRC32( 'ghijkl' );    # NOT OK

    Archive::Zip::computeCRC32( $string [, $crc] )
    Archive::Zip::computeCRC32( { string => $string [, checksum => $crc ] }
    )
        This is a utility function that uses the Compress::Raw::Zlib CRC
        routine to compute a CRC-32. You can get the CRC of a string:

            $crc = Archive::Zip::computeCRC32( $string );

        Or you can compute the running CRC:

            $crc = 0;
            $crc = Archive::Zip::computeCRC32( 'abcdef', $crc );
            $crc = Archive::Zip::computeCRC32( 'ghijkl', $crc );

    Archive::Zip::setChunkSize( $number )
    Archive::Zip::setChunkSize( { chunkSize => $number } )
        Report or change chunk size used for reading and writing. This can
        make big differences in dealing with large files. Currently, this
        defaults to 32K. This also changes the chunk size used for
        Compress::Raw::Zlib. You must call setChunkSize() before reading or
        writing. This is not exportable, so you must call it like:

            Archive::Zip::setChunkSize( 4096 );

        or as a method on a zip (though this is a global setting). Returns
        old chunk size.

    Archive::Zip::chunkSize()
        Returns the current chunk size:

            my $chunkSize = Archive::Zip::chunkSize();

    Archive::Zip::setErrorHandler( \&subroutine )
    Archive::Zip::setErrorHandler( { subroutine => \&subroutine } )
        Change the subroutine called with error strings. This defaults to
        \&Carp::carp, but you may want to change it to get the error
        strings. This is not exportable, so you must call it like:

            Archive::Zip::setErrorHandler( \&myErrorHandler );

        If myErrorHandler is undef, resets handler to default. Returns old
        error handler. Note that if you call Carp::carp or a similar routine
        or if you're chaining to the default error handler from your error
        handler, you may want to increment the number of caller levels that
        are skipped (do not just set it to a number):

            $Carp::CarpLevel++;

    Archive::Zip::tempFile( [ $tmpdir ] )
    Archive::Zip::tempFile( { tempDir => $tmpdir } )
        Create a uniquely named temp file. It will be returned open for
        read/write. If $tmpdir is given, it is used as the name of a
        directory to create the file in. If not given, creates the file
        using "File::Spec::tmpdir()". Generally, you can override this
        choice using the

            $ENV{TMPDIR}

        environment variable. But see the File::Spec documentation for your
        system. Note that on many systems, if you're running in taint mode,
        then you must make sure that $ENV{TMPDIR} is untainted for it to be
        used. Will *NOT* create $tmpdir if it does not exist (this is a
        change from prior versions!). Returns file handle and name:

            my ($fh, $name) = Archive::Zip::tempFile();
            my ($fh, $name) = Archive::Zip::tempFile('myTempDir');
            my $fh = Archive::Zip::tempFile();  # if you don't need the name

  Zip Archive Accessors
    members()
        Return a copy of the members array

            my @members = $zip->members();

    numberOfMembers()
        Return the number of members I have

    memberNames()
        Return a list of the (internal) file names of the zip members

    memberNamed( $string )
    memberNamed( { zipName => $string } )
        Return ref to member whose filename equals given filename or undef.
        $string must be in Zip (Unix) filename format.

    membersMatching( $regex )
    membersMatching( { regex => $regex } )
        Return array of members whose filenames match given regular
        expression in list context. Returns number of matching members in
        scalar context.

            my @textFileMembers = $zip->membersMatching( '.*\.txt' );
            # or
            my $numberOfTextFiles = $zip->membersMatching( '.*\.txt' );

    diskNumber()
        Return the disk that I start on. Not used for writing zips, but
        might be interesting if you read a zip in. This should be 0, as
        Archive::Zip does not handle multi-volume archives.

    diskNumberWithStartOfCentralDirectory()
        Return the disk number that holds the beginning of the central
        directory. Not used for writing zips, but might be interesting if
        you read a zip in. This should be 0, as Archive::Zip does not handle
        multi-volume archives.

    numberOfCentralDirectoriesOnThisDisk()
        Return the number of CD structures in the zipfile last read in. Not
        used for writing zips, but might be interesting if you read a zip
        in.

    numberOfCentralDirectories()
        Return the number of CD structures in the zipfile last read in. Not
        used for writing zips, but might be interesting if you read a zip
        in.

    centralDirectorySize()
        Returns central directory size, as read from an external zip file.
        Not used for writing zips, but might be interesting if you read a
        zip in.

    centralDirectoryOffsetWRTStartingDiskNumber()
        Returns the offset into the zip file where the CD begins. Not used
        for writing zips, but might be interesting if you read a zip in.

    zipfileComment( [ $string ] )
    zipfileComment( [ { comment => $string } ] )
        Get or set the zipfile comment. Returns the old comment.

            print $zip->zipfileComment();
            $zip->zipfileComment( 'New Comment' );

    eocdOffset()
        Returns the (unexpected) number of bytes between where the EOCD was
        found and where it expected to be. This is normally 0, but would be
        positive if something (a virus, perhaps) had added bytes somewhere
        before the EOCD. Not used for writing zips, but might be interesting
        if you read a zip in. Here is an example of how you can diagnose
        this:

          my $zip = Archive::Zip->new('somefile.zip');
          if ($zip->eocdOffset())
          {
            warn "A virus has added ", $zip->eocdOffset, " bytes of garbage\n";
          }

        The "eocdOffset()" is used to adjust the starting position of member
        headers, if necessary.

    fileName()
        Returns the name of the file last read from. If nothing has been
        read yet, returns an empty string; if read from a file handle,
        returns the handle in string form.

  Zip Archive Member Operations
    Various operations on a zip file modify members. When a member is passed
    as an argument, you can either use a reference to the member itself, or
    the name of a member. Of course, using the name requires that names be
    unique within a zip (this is not enforced).

    removeMember( $memberOrName )
    removeMember( { memberOrZipName => $memberOrName } )
        Remove and return the given member, or match its name and remove it.
        Returns undef if member or name does not exist in this Zip. No-op if
        member does not belong to this zip.

    replaceMember( $memberOrName, $newMember )
    replaceMember( { memberOrZipName => $memberOrName, newMember =>
    $newMember } )
        Remove and return the given member, or match its name and remove it.
        Replace with new member. Returns undef if member or name does not
        exist in this Zip, or if $newMember is undefined.

        It is an (undiagnosed) error to provide a $newMember that is a
        member of the zip being modified.

            my $member1 = $zip->removeMember( 'xyz' );
            my $member2 = $zip->replaceMember( 'abc', $member1 );
            # now, $member2 (named 'abc') is not in $zip,
            # and $member1 (named 'xyz') is, having taken $member2's place.

    extractMember( $memberOrName [, $extractedName ] )
    extractMember( { memberOrZipName => $memberOrName [, name =>
    $extractedName ] } )
        Extract the given member, or match its name and extract it. Returns
        undef if member does not exist in this Zip. If optional second arg
        is given, use it as the name of the extracted member. Otherwise, the
        internal filename of the member is used as the name of the extracted
        file or directory. If you pass $extractedName, it should be in the
        local file system's format. All necessary directories will be
        created. Returns "AZ_OK" on success.

    extractMemberWithoutPaths( $memberOrName [, $extractedName ] )
    extractMemberWithoutPaths( { memberOrZipName => $memberOrName [, name =>
    $extractedName ] } )
        Extract the given member, or match its name and extract it. Does not
        use path information (extracts into the current directory). Returns
        undef if member does not exist in this Zip. If optional second arg
        is given, use it as the name of the extracted member (its paths will
        be deleted too). Otherwise, the internal filename of the member
        (minus paths) is used as the name of the extracted file or
        directory. Returns "AZ_OK" on success.

    addMember( $member )
    addMember( { member => $member } )
        Append a member (possibly from another zip file) to the zip file.
        Returns the new member. Generally, you will use addFile(),
        addDirectory(), addFileOrDirectory(), addString(), or read() to add
        members.

            # Move member named 'abc' to end of zip:
            my $member = $zip->removeMember( 'abc' );
            $zip->addMember( $member );

    updateMember( $memberOrName, $fileName )
    updateMember( { memberOrZipName => $memberOrName, name => $fileName } )
        Update a single member from the file or directory named $fileName.
        Returns the (possibly added or updated) member, if any; "undef" on
        errors. The comparison is based on "lastModTime()" and (in the case
        of a non-directory) the size of the file.

    addFile( $fileName [, $newName, $compressionLevel ] )
    addFile( { filename => $fileName [, zipName => $newName,
    compressionLevel => $compressionLevel } ] )
        Append a member whose data comes from an external file, returning
        the member or undef. The member will have its file name set to the
        name of the external file, and its desiredCompressionMethod set to
        COMPRESSION_DEFLATED. The file attributes and last modification time
        will be set from the file. If the name given does not represent a
        readable plain file or symbolic link, undef will be returned.
        $fileName must be in the format required for the local file system.
        The optional $newName argument sets the internal file name to
        something different than the given $fileName. $newName, if given,
        must be in Zip name format (i.e. Unix). The text mode bit will be
        set if the contents appears to be text (as returned by the "-T" perl
        operator).

        *NOTE* that you should not (generally) use absolute path names in
        zip member names, as this will cause problems with some zip tools as
        well as introduce a security hole and make the zip harder to use.

    addDirectory( $directoryName [, $fileName ] )
    addDirectory( { directoryName => $directoryName [, zipName => $fileName
    ] } )
        Append a member created from the given directory name. The directory
        name does not have to name an existing directory. If the named
        directory exists, the file modification time and permissions are set
        from the existing directory, otherwise they are set to now and
        permissive default permissions. $directoryName must be in local file
        system format. The optional second argument sets the name of the
        archive member (which defaults to $directoryName). If given, it must
        be in Zip (Unix) format. Returns the new member.

    addFileOrDirectory( $name [, $newName, $compressionLevel ] )
    addFileOrDirectory( { name => $name [, zipName => $newName,
    compressionLevel => $compressionLevel ] } )
        Append a member from the file or directory named $name. If $newName
        is given, use it for the name of the new member. Will add or remove
        trailing slashes from $newName as needed. $name must be in local
        file system format. The optional second argument sets the name of
        the archive member (which defaults to $name). If given, it must be
        in Zip (Unix) format.

    addString( $stringOrStringRef, $name, [$compressionLevel] )
    addString( { string => $stringOrStringRef [, zipName => $name,
    compressionLevel => $compressionLevel ] } )
        Append a member created from the given string or string reference.
        The name is given by the second argument. Returns the new member.
        The last modification time will be set to now, and the file
        attributes will be set to permissive defaults.

            my $member = $zip->addString( 'This is a test', 'test.txt' );

    contents( $memberOrMemberName [, $newContents ] )
    contents( { memberOrZipName => $memberOrMemberName [, contents =>
    $newContents ] } )
        Returns the uncompressed data for a particular member, or undef.

            print "xyz.txt contains " . $zip->contents( 'xyz.txt' );

        Also can change the contents of a member:

            $zip->contents( 'xyz.txt', 'This is the new contents' );

        If called expecting an array as the return value, it will include
        the status as the second value in the array.

            ($content, $status) = $zip->contents( 'xyz.txt');

  Zip Archive I/O operations
    A Zip archive can be written to a file or file handle, or read from one.

    writeToFileNamed( $fileName )
    writeToFileNamed( { fileName => $fileName } )
        Write a zip archive to named file. Returns "AZ_OK" on success.

            my $status = $zip->writeToFileNamed( 'xx.zip' );
            die "error somewhere" if $status != AZ_OK;

        Note that if you use the same name as an existing zip file that you
        read in, you will clobber ZipFileMembers. So instead, write to a
        different file name, then delete the original. If you use the
        "overwrite()" or "overwriteAs()" methods, you can re-write the
        original zip in this way. $fileName should be a valid file name on
        your system.

    writeToFileHandle( $fileHandle [, $seekable] )
        Write a zip archive to a file handle. Return AZ_OK on success. The
        optional second arg tells whether or not to try to seek backwards to
        re-write headers. If not provided, it is set if the Perl "-f" test
        returns true. This could fail on some operating systems, though.

            my $fh = IO::File->new( 'someFile.zip', 'w' );
            unless ( $zip->writeToFileHandle( $fh ) == AZ_OK ) {
                # error handling
            }

        If you pass a file handle that is not seekable (like if you're
        writing to a pipe or a socket), pass a false second argument:

            my $fh = IO::File->new( '| cat > somefile.zip', 'w' );
            $zip->writeToFileHandle( $fh, 0 );   # fh is not seekable

        If this method fails during the write of a member, that member and
        all following it will return false from "wasWritten()". See
        writeCentralDirectory() for a way to deal with this. If you want,
        you can write data to the file handle before passing it to
        writeToFileHandle(); this could be used (for instance) for making
        self-extracting archives. However, this only works reliably when
        writing to a real file (as opposed to STDOUT or some other possible
        non-file).

        See examples/selfex.pl for how to write a self-extracting archive.

    writeCentralDirectory( $fileHandle [, $offset ] )
    writeCentralDirectory( { fileHandle => $fileHandle [, offset => $offset
    ] } )
        Writes the central directory structure to the given file handle.

        Returns AZ_OK on success. If given an $offset, will seek to that
        point before writing. This can be used for recovery in cases where
        writeToFileHandle or writeToFileNamed returns an IO error because of
        running out of space on the destination file.

        You can truncate the zip by seeking backwards and then writing the
        directory:

            my $fh = IO::File->new( 'someFile.zip', 'w' );
                my $retval = $zip->writeToFileHandle( $fh );
            if ( $retval == AZ_IO_ERROR ) {
                my @unwritten = grep { not $_->wasWritten() } $zip->members();
                if (@unwritten) {
                    $zip->removeMember( $member ) foreach my $member ( @unwritten );
                    $zip->writeCentralDirectory( $fh,
                    $unwritten[0]->writeLocalHeaderRelativeOffset());
                }
            }

    overwriteAs( $newName )
    overwriteAs( { filename => $newName } )
        Write the zip to the specified file, as safely as possible. This is
        done by first writing to a temp file, then renaming the original if
        it exists, then renaming the temp file, then deleting the renamed
        original if it exists. Returns AZ_OK if successful.

    overwrite()
        Write back to the original zip file. See overwriteAs() above. If the
        zip was not ever read from a file, this generates an error.

    read( $fileName )
    read( { filename => $fileName } )
        Read zipfile headers from a zip file, appending new members. Returns
        "AZ_OK" or error code.

            my $zipFile = Archive::Zip->new();
            my $status = $zipFile->read( '/some/FileName.zip' );

    readFromFileHandle( $fileHandle, $filename )
    readFromFileHandle( { fileHandle => $fileHandle, filename => $filename }
    )
        Read zipfile headers from an already-opened file handle, appending
        new members. Does not close the file handle. Returns "AZ_OK" or
        error code. Note that this requires a seekable file handle; reading
        from a stream is not yet supported.

            my $fh = IO::File->new( '/some/FileName.zip', 'r' );
            my $zip1 = Archive::Zip->new();
            my $status = $zip1->readFromFileHandle( $fh );
            my $zip2 = Archive::Zip->new();
            $status = $zip2->readFromFileHandle( $fh );

  Zip Archive Tree operations
    These used to be in Archive::Zip::Tree but got moved into Archive::Zip.
    They enable operation on an entire tree of members or files. A usage
    example:

      use Archive::Zip;
      my $zip = Archive::Zip->new();

      # add all readable files and directories below . as xyz/*
      $zip->addTree( '.', 'xyz' );

      # add all readable plain files below /abc as def/*
      $zip->addTree( '/abc', 'def', sub { -f && -r } );

      # add all .c files below /tmp as stuff/*
      $zip->addTreeMatching( '/tmp', 'stuff', '\.c$' );

      # add all .o files below /tmp as stuff/* if they aren't writable
      $zip->addTreeMatching( '/tmp', 'stuff', '\.o$', sub { ! -w } );

      # add all .so files below /tmp that are smaller than 200 bytes as stuff/*
      $zip->addTreeMatching( '/tmp', 'stuff', '\.o$', sub { -s < 200 } );

      # and write them into a file
      $zip->writeToFileNamed('xxx.zip');

      # now extract the same files into /tmpx
      $zip->extractTree( 'stuff', '/tmpx' );

    $zip->addTree( $root, $dest [, $pred, $compressionLevel ] ) -- Add tree
    of files to a zip
    $zip->addTree( { root => $root, zipName => $dest [, select => $pred,
    compressionLevel => $compressionLevel ] )
        $root is the root of the tree of files and directories to be added.
        It is a valid directory name on your system. $dest is the name for
        the root in the zip file (undef or blank means to use relative
        pathnames). It is a valid ZIP directory name (that is, it uses
        forward slashes (/) for separating directory components). $pred is
        an optional subroutine reference to select files: it is passed the
        name of the prospective file or directory using $_, and if it
        returns true, the file or directory will be included. The default is
        to add all readable files and directories. For instance, using

          my $pred = sub { /\.txt/ };
          $zip->addTree( '.', '', $pred );

        will add all the .txt files in and below the current directory,
        using relative names, and making the names identical in the zipfile:

          original name           zip member name
          ./xyz                   xyz
          ./a/                    a/
          ./a/b                   a/b

        To translate absolute to relative pathnames, just pass them in:
        $zip->addTree( '/c/d', 'a' );

          original name           zip member name
          /c/d/xyz                a/xyz
          /c/d/a/                 a/a/
          /c/d/a/b                a/a/b

        Returns AZ_OK on success. Note that this will not follow symbolic
        links to directories. Note also that this does not check for the
        validity of filenames.

        Note that you generally *don't* want to make zip archive member
        names absolute.

    $zip->addTreeMatching( $root, $dest, $pattern [, $pred,
    $compressionLevel ] )
    $zip->addTreeMatching( { root => $root, zipName => $dest, pattern =>
    $pattern [, select => $pred, compressionLevel => $compressionLevel ] } )
        $root is the root of the tree of files and directories to be added
        $dest is the name for the root in the zip file (undef means to use
        relative pathnames) $pattern is a (non-anchored) regular expression
        for filenames to match $pred is an optional subroutine reference to
        select files: it is passed the name of the prospective file or
        directory in $_, and if it returns true, the file or directory will
        be included. The default is to add all readable files and
        directories. To add all files in and below the current directory
        whose names end in ".pl", and make them extract into a subdirectory
        named "xyz", do this:

          $zip->addTreeMatching( '.', 'xyz', '\.pl$' )

        To add all *writable* files in and below the directory named "/abc"
        whose names end in ".pl", and make them extract into a subdirectory
        named "xyz", do this:

          $zip->addTreeMatching( '/abc', 'xyz', '\.pl$', sub { -w } )

        Returns AZ_OK on success. Note that this will not follow symbolic
        links to directories.

    $zip->updateTree( $root [, $dest , $pred , $mirror, $compressionLevel ]
    );
    $zip->updateTree( { root => $root [, zipName => $dest, select => $pred,
    mirror => $mirror, compressionLevel => $compressionLevel ] } );
        Update a zip file from a directory tree.

        "updateTree()" takes the same arguments as "addTree()", but first
        checks to see whether the file or directory already exists in the
        zip file, and whether it has been changed.

        If the fourth argument $mirror is true, then delete all my members
        if corresponding files were not found.

        Returns an error code or AZ_OK if all is well.

    $zip->extractTree( [ $root, $dest, $volume } ] )
    $zip->extractTree( [ { root => $root, zipName => $dest, volume =>
    $volume } ] )
        If you don't give any arguments at all, will extract all the files
        in the zip with their original names.

        If you supply one argument for $root, "extractTree" will extract all
        the members whose names start with $root into the current directory,
        stripping off $root first. $root is in Zip (Unix) format. For
        instance,

          $zip->extractTree( 'a' );

        when applied to a zip containing the files: a/x a/b/c ax/d/e d/e
        will extract:

        a/x as ./x

        a/b/c as ./b/c

        If you give two arguments, "extractTree" extracts all the members
        whose names start with $root. It will translate $root into $dest to
        construct the destination file name. $root and $dest are in Zip
        (Unix) format. For instance,

           $zip->extractTree( 'a', 'd/e' );

        when applied to a zip containing the files: a/x a/b/c ax/d/e d/e
        will extract:

        a/x to d/e/x

        a/b/c to d/e/b/c and ignore ax/d/e and d/e

        If you give three arguments, "extractTree" extracts all the members
        whose names start with $root. It will translate $root into $dest to
        construct the destination file name, and then it will convert to
        local file system format, using $volume as the name of the
        destination volume.

        $root and $dest are in Zip (Unix) format.

        $volume is in local file system format.

        For instance, under Windows,

           $zip->extractTree( 'a', 'd/e', 'f:' );

        when applied to a zip containing the files: a/x a/b/c ax/d/e d/e
        will extract:

        a/x to f:d/e/x

        a/b/c to f:d/e/b/c and ignore ax/d/e and d/e

        If you want absolute paths (the prior example used paths relative to
        the current directory on the destination volume, you can specify
        these in $dest:

           $zip->extractTree( 'a', '/d/e', 'f:' );

        when applied to a zip containing the files: a/x a/b/c ax/d/e d/e
        will extract:

        a/x to f:\d\e\x

        a/b/c to f:\d\e\b\c and ignore ax/d/e and d/e

        Returns an error code or AZ_OK if everything worked OK.

Archive::Zip Global Variables
    $Archive::Zip::UNICODE
        This variable governs how Unicode file and directory names are added
        to or extracted from an archive. If set, file and directory names
        are considered to be UTF-8 encoded. This is *EXPERIMENTAL AND BUGGY
        (there are some edge cases on Win32)*. Please report problems.

            {
                local $Archive::Zip::UNICODE = 1;
                $zip->addFile('Déjà vu.txt');
            }

MEMBER OPERATIONS
  Member Class Methods
    Several constructors allow you to construct members without adding them
    to a zip archive. These work the same as the addFile(), addDirectory(),
    and addString() zip instance methods described above, but they don't add
    the new members to a zip.

    Archive::Zip::Member->newFromString( $stringOrStringRef [, $fileName ] )
    Archive::Zip::Member->newFromString( { string => $stringOrStringRef [,
    zipName => $fileName ] )
        Construct a new member from the given string. Returns undef on
        error.

            my $member = Archive::Zip::Member->newFromString( 'This is a test',

    newFromFile( $fileName [, $zipName ] )
    newFromFile( { filename => $fileName [, zipName => $zipName ] } )
        Construct a new member from the given file. Returns undef on error.

            my $member = Archive::Zip::Member->newFromFile( 'xyz.txt' );

    newDirectoryNamed( $directoryName [, $zipname ] )
    newDirectoryNamed( { directoryName => $directoryName [, zipName =>
    $zipname ] } )
        Construct a new member from the given directory. $directoryName must
        be a valid name on your file system; it does not have to exist.

        If given, $zipname will be the name of the zip member; it must be a
        valid Zip (Unix) name. If not given, it will be converted from
        $directoryName.

        Returns undef on error.

            my $member = Archive::Zip::Member->newDirectoryNamed( 'CVS/' );

  Member Simple accessors
    These methods get (and/or set) member attribute values.

    versionMadeBy()
        Gets the field from the member header.

    fileAttributeFormat( [ $format ] )
    fileAttributeFormat( [ { format => $format ] } )
        Gets or sets the field from the member header. These are "FA_*"
        values.

    versionNeededToExtract()
        Gets the field from the member header.

    bitFlag()
        Gets the general purpose bit field from the member header. This is
        where the "GPBF_*" bits live.

    compressionMethod()
        Returns the member compression method. This is the method that is
        currently being used to compress the member data. This will be
        COMPRESSION_STORED for added string or file members, or any of the
        "COMPRESSION_*" values for members from a zip file. However, this
        module can only handle members whose data is in COMPRESSION_STORED
        or COMPRESSION_DEFLATED format.

    desiredCompressionMethod( [ $method ] )
    desiredCompressionMethod( [ { compressionMethod => $method } ] )
        Get or set the member's "desiredCompressionMethod". This is the
        compression method that will be used when the member is written.
        Returns prior desiredCompressionMethod. Only COMPRESSION_DEFLATED or
        COMPRESSION_STORED are valid arguments. Changing to
        COMPRESSION_STORED will change the member desiredCompressionLevel to
        0; changing to COMPRESSION_DEFLATED will change the member
        desiredCompressionLevel to COMPRESSION_LEVEL_DEFAULT.

    desiredCompressionLevel( [ $level ] )
    desiredCompressionLevel( [ { compressionLevel => $level } ] )
        Get or set the member's desiredCompressionLevel This is the method
        that will be used to write. Returns prior desiredCompressionLevel.
        Valid arguments are 0 through 9, COMPRESSION_LEVEL_NONE,
        COMPRESSION_LEVEL_DEFAULT, COMPRESSION_LEVEL_BEST_COMPRESSION, and
        COMPRESSION_LEVEL_FASTEST. 0 or COMPRESSION_LEVEL_NONE will change
        the desiredCompressionMethod to COMPRESSION_STORED. All other
        arguments will change the desiredCompressionMethod to
        COMPRESSION_DEFLATED.

    externalFileName()
        Return the member's external file name, if any, or undef.

    fileName()
        Get or set the member's internal filename. Returns the (possibly
        new) filename. Names will have backslashes converted to forward
        slashes, and will have multiple consecutive slashes converted to
        single ones.

    lastModFileDateTime()
        Return the member's last modification date/time stamp in MS-DOS
        format.

    lastModTime()
        Return the member's last modification date/time stamp, converted to
        unix localtime format.

            print "Mod Time: " . scalar( localtime( $member->lastModTime() ) );

    setLastModFileDateTimeFromUnix()
        Set the member's lastModFileDateTime from the given unix time.

            $member->setLastModFileDateTimeFromUnix( time() );

    internalFileAttributes()
        Return the internal file attributes field from the zip header. This
        is only set for members read from a zip file.

    externalFileAttributes()
        Return member attributes as read from the ZIP file. Note that these
        are NOT UNIX!

    unixFileAttributes( [ $newAttributes ] )
    unixFileAttributes( [ { attributes => $newAttributes } ] )
        Get or set the member's file attributes using UNIX file attributes.
        Returns old attributes.

            my $oldAttribs = $member->unixFileAttributes( 0666 );

        Note that the return value has more than just the file permissions,
        so you will have to mask off the lowest bits for comparisons.

    localExtraField( [ $newField ] )
    localExtraField( [ { field => $newField } ] )
        Gets or sets the extra field that was read from the local header.
        This is not set for a member from a zip file until after the member
        has been written out. The extra field must be in the proper format.

    cdExtraField( [ $newField ] )
    cdExtraField( [ { field => $newField } ] )
        Gets or sets the extra field that was read from the central
        directory header. The extra field must be in the proper format.

    extraFields()
        Return both local and CD extra fields, concatenated.

    fileComment( [ $newComment ] )
    fileComment( [ { comment => $newComment } ] )
        Get or set the member's file comment.

    hasDataDescriptor()
        Get or set the data descriptor flag. If this is set, the local
        header will not necessarily have the correct data sizes. Instead, a
        small structure will be stored at the end of the member data with
        these values. This should be transparent in normal operation.

    crc32()
        Return the CRC-32 value for this member. This will not be set for
        members that were constructed from strings or external files until
        after the member has been written.

    crc32String()
        Return the CRC-32 value for this member as an 8 character printable
        hex string. This will not be set for members that were constructed
        from strings or external files until after the member has been
        written.

    compressedSize()
        Return the compressed size for this member. This will not be set for
        members that were constructed from strings or external files until
        after the member has been written.

    uncompressedSize()
        Return the uncompressed size for this member.

    password( [ $password ] )
        Returns the password for this member to be used on decryption. If
        $password is given, it will set the password for the decryption.

    isEncrypted()
        Return true if this member is encrypted. The Archive::Zip module
        does not currently support creation of encrypted members. Decryption
        works more or less like this:

          my $zip = Archive::Zip->new;
          $zip->read ("encrypted.zip");
          for my $m (map { $zip->memberNamed ($_) } $zip->memberNames) {
              $m->password ("secret");
              $m->contents;  # is "" when password was wrong

        That shows that the password has to be set per member, and not per
        archive. This might change in the future.

    isTextFile( [ $flag ] )
    isTextFile( [ { flag => $flag } ] )
        Returns true if I am a text file. Also can set the status if given
        an argument (then returns old state). Note that this module does not
        currently do anything with this flag upon extraction or storage.
        That is, bytes are stored in native format whether or not they came
        from a text file.

    isBinaryFile()
        Returns true if I am a binary file. Also can set the status if given
        an argument (then returns old state). Note that this module does not
        currently do anything with this flag upon extraction or storage.
        That is, bytes are stored in native format whether or not they came
        from a text file.

    extractToFileNamed( $fileName )
    extractToFileNamed( { name => $fileName } )
        Extract me to a file with the given name. The file will be created
        with default modes. Directories will be created as needed. The
        $fileName argument should be a valid file name on your file system.
        Returns AZ_OK on success.

    isDirectory()
        Returns true if I am a directory.

    writeLocalHeaderRelativeOffset()
        Returns the file offset in bytes the last time I was written.

    wasWritten()
        Returns true if I was successfully written. Reset at the beginning
        of a write attempt.

  Low-level member data reading
    It is possible to use lower-level routines to access member data
    streams, rather than the extract* methods and contents(). For instance,
    here is how to print the uncompressed contents of a member in chunks
    using these methods:

        my ( $member, $status, $bufferRef );
        $member = $zip->memberNamed( 'xyz.txt' );
        $member->desiredCompressionMethod( COMPRESSION_STORED );
        $status = $member->rewindData();
        die "error $status" unless $status == AZ_OK;
        while ( ! $member->readIsDone() )
        {
        ( $bufferRef, $status ) = $member->readChunk();
        die "error $status"
                    if $status != AZ_OK && $status != AZ_STREAM_END;
        # do something with $bufferRef:
        print $$bufferRef;
        }
        $member->endRead();

    readChunk( [ $chunkSize ] )
    readChunk( [ { chunkSize => $chunkSize } ] )
        This reads the next chunk of given size from the member's data
        stream and compresses or uncompresses it as necessary, returning a
        reference to the bytes read and a status. If size argument is not
        given, defaults to global set by Archive::Zip::setChunkSize. Status
        is AZ_OK on success until the last chunk, where it returns
        AZ_STREAM_END. Returns "( \$bytes, $status)".

            my ( $outRef, $status ) = $self->readChunk();
            print $$outRef if $status != AZ_OK && $status != AZ_STREAM_END;

    rewindData()
        Rewind data and set up for reading data streams or writing zip
        files. Can take options for "inflateInit()" or "deflateInit()", but
        this is not likely to be necessary. Subclass overrides should call
        this method. Returns "AZ_OK" on success.

    endRead()
        Reset the read variables and free the inflater or deflater. Must be
        called to close files, etc. Returns AZ_OK on success.

    readIsDone()
        Return true if the read has run out of data or encountered an error.

    contents()
        Return the entire uncompressed member data or undef in scalar
        context. When called in array context, returns "( $string, $status
        )"; status will be AZ_OK on success:

            my $string = $member->contents();
            # or
            my ( $string, $status ) = $member->contents();
            die "error $status" unless $status == AZ_OK;

        Can also be used to set the contents of a member (this may change
        the class of the member):

            $member->contents( "this is my new contents" );

    extractToFileHandle( $fh )
    extractToFileHandle( { fileHandle => $fh } )
        Extract (and uncompress, if necessary) the member's contents to the
        given file handle. Return AZ_OK on success.

Archive::Zip::FileMember methods
    The Archive::Zip::FileMember class extends Archive::Zip::Member. It is
    the base class for both ZipFileMember and NewFileMember classes. This
    class adds an "externalFileName" and an "fh" member to keep track of the
    external file.

    externalFileName()
        Return the member's external filename.

    fh()
        Return the member's read file handle. Automatically opens file if
        necessary.

Archive::Zip::ZipFileMember methods
    The Archive::Zip::ZipFileMember class represents members that have been
    read from external zip files.

    diskNumberStart()
        Returns the disk number that the member's local header resides in.
        Should be 0.

    localHeaderRelativeOffset()
        Returns the offset into the zip file where the member's local header
        is.

    dataOffset()
        Returns the offset from the beginning of the zip file to the
        member's data.

REQUIRED MODULES
    Archive::Zip requires several other modules:

    Carp

    Compress::Raw::Zlib

    Cwd

    File::Basename

    File::Copy

    File::Find

    File::Path

    File::Spec

    IO::File

    IO::Seekable

    Time::Local

BUGS AND CAVEATS
  When not to use Archive::Zip
    If you are just going to be extracting zips (and/or other archives) you
    are recommended to look at using Archive::Extract instead, as it is much
    easier to use and factors out archive-specific functionality.

  Try to avoid IO::Scalar
    One of the most common ways to use Archive::Zip is to generate Zip files
    in-memory. Most people have use IO::Scalar for this purpose.

    Unfortunately, as of 1.11 this module no longer works with IO::Scalar as
    it incorrectly implements seeking.

    Anybody using IO::Scalar should consider porting to IO::String, which is
    smaller, lighter, and is implemented to be perfectly compatible with
    regular seekable filehandles.

    Support for IO::Scalar most likely will not be restored in the future,
    as IO::Scalar itself cannot change the way it is implemented due to
    back-compatibility issues.

  Wrong password for encrypted members
    When an encrypted member is read using the wrong password, you currently
    have to re-read the entire archive to try again with the correct
    password.

TO DO
    * auto-choosing storing vs compression

    * extra field hooks (see notes.txt)

    * check for duplicates on addition/renaming?

    * Text file extraction (line end translation)

    * Reading zip files from non-seekable inputs (Perhaps by proxying
    through IO::String?)

    * separate unused constants into separate module

    * cookbook style docs

    * Handle tainted paths correctly

    * Work on better compatibility with other IO:: modules

    * Support encryption

    * More user-friendly decryption

AUTHOR
    Currently maintained by Fred Moyer <fred@redhotpenguin.com>

    Previously maintained by Adam Kennedy <adamk@cpan.org>

    Previously maintained by Steve Peters <steve@fisharerojo.org>.

    File attributes code by Maurice Aubrey <maurice@lovelyfilth.com>.

    Originally by Ned Konz <nedkonz@cpan.org>.

COPYRIGHT
    Some parts copyright 2006 - 2012 Adam Kennedy.

    Some parts copyright 2005 Steve Peters.

    Original work copyright 2000 - 2004 Ned Konz.

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    under the same terms as Perl itself.

SEE ALSO
    Look at Archive::Zip::MemberRead which is a wrapper that allows one to
    read Zip archive members as if they were files.

    Compress::Raw::Zlib, Archive::Tar, Archive::Extract

