###############################################################################
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Utility functions.
##
###############################################################################

package MCE::Util;

use strict;
use warnings;

no warnings qw( threads recursion uninitialized numeric );

our $VERSION = '1.830';

## no critic (BuiltinFunctions::ProhibitStringyEval)

use Socket qw( PF_UNIX PF_UNSPEC SOCK_STREAM SOL_SOCKET SO_SNDBUF SO_RCVBUF );
use Time::HiRes qw( sleep time );
use base qw( Exporter );
use bytes;

my ($_is_winenv, $_zero_bytes);

BEGIN {
   $_is_winenv  = ( $^O =~ /mswin|mingw|msys|cygwin/i ) ? 1 : 0;
   $_zero_bytes = "\x00\x00\x00\x00";
}

our $LF = "\012";  Internals::SvREADONLY($LF, 1);

our @EXPORT_OK = qw( $LF get_ncpu );
our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( all => \@EXPORT_OK );

###############################################################################
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
## The get_ncpu subroutine, largely adopted from Test::Smoke::Util.pm,
## returns the number of logical (online/active/enabled) CPU cores;
## never smaller than one.
##
## A warning is emitted to STDERR when it cannot recognize the operating
## system or the external command failed.
##
###############################################################################

my $g_ncpu;

sub get_ncpu {

   return $g_ncpu if (defined $g_ncpu);

   local $ENV{PATH} = "/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:$ENV{PATH}";
   $ENV{PATH} =~ /(.*)/; $ENV{PATH} = $1;   ## Remove tainted'ness

   my $ncpu = 1;

   OS_CHECK: {
      local $_ = lc $^O;

      /linux/ && do {
         my ( $count, $fh );
         if ( open $fh, '<', '/proc/stat' ) {
            $count = grep { /^cpu\d/ } <$fh>;
            close $fh;
         }
         $ncpu = $count if $count;
         last OS_CHECK;
      };

      /bsd|darwin|dragonfly/ && do {
         chomp( my @output = `sysctl -n hw.ncpu 2>/dev/null` );
         $ncpu = $output[0] if @output;
         last OS_CHECK;
      };

      /aix/ && do {
         my @output = `lparstat -i 2>/dev/null | grep "^Online Virtual CPUs"`;
         if ( @output ) {
            $output[0] =~ /(\d+)\n$/;
            $ncpu = $1 if $1;
         }
         if ( !$ncpu ) {
            @output = `pmcycles -m 2>/dev/null`;
            if ( @output ) {
               $ncpu = scalar @output;
            } else {
               @output = `lsdev -Cc processor -S Available 2>/dev/null`;
               $ncpu = scalar @output if @output;
            }
         }
         last OS_CHECK;
      };

      /gnu/ && do {
         chomp( my @output = `nproc 2>/dev/null` );
         $ncpu = $output[0] if @output;
         last OS_CHECK;
      };

      /haiku/ && do {
         my @output = `sysinfo -cpu 2>/dev/null | grep "^CPU #"`;
         $ncpu = scalar @output if @output;
         last OS_CHECK;
      };

      /hp-?ux/ && do {
         my $count = grep { /^processor/ } `ioscan -fkC processor 2>/dev/null`;
         $ncpu = $count if $count;
         last OS_CHECK;
      };

      /irix/ && do {
         my @out = grep { /\s+processors?$/i } `hinv -c processor 2>/dev/null`;
         $ncpu = (split ' ', $out[0])[0] if @out;
         last OS_CHECK;
      };

      /osf|solaris|sunos|svr5|sco/ && do {
         if (-x '/usr/sbin/psrinfo') {
            my $count = grep { /on-?line/ } `psrinfo 2>/dev/null`;
            $ncpu = $count if $count;
         }
         else {
            my @output = grep { /^NumCPU = \d+/ } `uname -X 2>/dev/null`;
            $ncpu = (split ' ', $output[0])[2] if @output;
         }
         last OS_CHECK;
      };

      /mswin|mingw|msys|cygwin/ && do {
         if (exists $ENV{NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS}) {
            $ncpu = $ENV{NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS};
         }
         last OS_CHECK;
      };

      warn "MCE::Util::get_ncpu: command failed or unknown operating system\n";
   }

   $ncpu = 1 if (!$ncpu || $ncpu < 1);

   return $g_ncpu = $ncpu;
}

###############################################################################
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Private methods for pipes and sockets.
##
###############################################################################

sub _destroy_pipes {

   my ($_obj, @_params) = @_;

   local ($!,$?); local $SIG{__DIE__};

   for my $_p (@_params) {
      next unless (defined $_obj->{$_p});

      if (ref $_obj->{$_p} eq 'ARRAY') {
         for my $_i (0 .. @{ $_obj->{$_p} } - 1) {
            next unless (defined $_obj->{$_p}[$_i]);
            close $_obj->{$_p}[$_i] if (fileno $_obj->{$_p}[$_i]);
            undef $_obj->{$_p}[$_i];
         }
      }
      else {
         close $_obj->{$_p} if (fileno $_obj->{$_p});
         undef $_obj->{$_p};
      }
   }

   return;
}

sub _destroy_socks {

   my ($_obj, @_params) = @_;

   local ($!,$?,$@); local $SIG{__DIE__};

   for my $_p (@_params) {
      next unless (defined $_obj->{$_p});

      if (ref $_obj->{$_p} eq 'ARRAY') {
         for my $_i (0 .. @{ $_obj->{$_p} } - 1) {
            next unless (defined $_obj->{$_p}[$_i]);
            if (fileno $_obj->{$_p}[$_i]) {
               syswrite($_obj->{$_p}[$_i], '0') if $_is_winenv;
               eval q{ CORE::shutdown($_obj->{$_p}[$_i], 2) };
               close $_obj->{$_p}[$_i];
            }
            undef $_obj->{$_p}[$_i];
         }
      }
      else {
         if (fileno $_obj->{$_p}) {
            syswrite($_obj->{$_p}, '0') if $_is_winenv;
            eval q{ CORE::shutdown($_obj->{$_p}, 2) };
            close $_obj->{$_p};
         }
         undef $_obj->{$_p};
      }
   }

   return;
}

sub _pipe_pair {

   my ($_obj, $_r_sock, $_w_sock, $_i) = @_;

   local $!;

   if (defined $_i) {
      # remove tainted'ness
      ($_i) = $_i =~ /(.*)/;

      pipe($_obj->{$_r_sock}[$_i], $_obj->{$_w_sock}[$_i])
         or die "pipe: $!\n";

      # IO::Handle->autoflush not available in older Perl.
      select(( select($_obj->{$_w_sock}[$_i]), $| = 1 )[0]);
   }
   else {
      pipe($_obj->{$_r_sock}, $_obj->{$_w_sock})
         or die "pipe: $!\n";

      select(( select($_obj->{$_w_sock}), $| = 1 )[0]); # Ditto.
   }

   return;
}

sub _sock_pair {

   my ($_obj, $_r_sock, $_w_sock, $_i) = @_;

   my $_size = 16384; local $!;

   if (defined $_i) {
      # remove tainted'ness
      ($_i) = $_i =~ /(.*)/;

      socketpair( $_obj->{$_r_sock}[$_i], $_obj->{$_w_sock}[$_i],
         PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, PF_UNSPEC ) or die "socketpair: $!\n";

      if ($^O ne 'aix' && $^O ne 'linux') {
         setsockopt($_obj->{$_r_sock}[$_i], SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, int $_size);
         setsockopt($_obj->{$_r_sock}[$_i], SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, int $_size);
         setsockopt($_obj->{$_w_sock}[$_i], SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, int $_size);
         setsockopt($_obj->{$_w_sock}[$_i], SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, int $_size);
      }

      # IO::Handle->autoflush not available in older Perl.
      select(( select($_obj->{$_w_sock}[$_i]), $| = 1 )[0]);
      select(( select($_obj->{$_r_sock}[$_i]), $| = 1 )[0]);
   }
   else {
      socketpair( $_obj->{$_r_sock}, $_obj->{$_w_sock},
         PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, PF_UNSPEC ) or die "socketpair: $!\n";

      if ($^O ne 'aix' && $^O ne 'linux') {
         setsockopt($_obj->{$_r_sock}, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, int $_size);
         setsockopt($_obj->{$_r_sock}, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, int $_size);
         setsockopt($_obj->{$_w_sock}, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, int $_size);
         setsockopt($_obj->{$_w_sock}, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, int $_size);
      }

      select(( select($_obj->{$_w_sock}), $| = 1 )[0]); # Ditto.
      select(( select($_obj->{$_r_sock}), $| = 1 )[0]);
   }

   return;
}

sub _sock_ready {

   my ($_socket, $_timeout) = @_;

   my $_val_bytes = "\x00\x00\x00\x00";
   my $_ptr_bytes = unpack( 'I', pack('P', $_val_bytes) );
   my ($_count, $_start) = (1, time);

   $_timeout += time if $_timeout;

   while (1) {
      # MSWin32 FIONREAD
      ioctl($_socket, 0x4004667f, $_ptr_bytes);

      return '' if $_val_bytes ne $_zero_bytes;
      return  1 if $_timeout && time > $_timeout;

      if ($_count) {
          # delay after a while to not consume a CPU core
          $_count = 0 if ++$_count % 50 == 0 && time - $_start > 0.005;
          next;
      }

      sleep 0.030;
   }
}

###############################################################################
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Private routines for MCE Models: Flow, Grep, Loop, Map, Step, and Stream.
##
###############################################################################

sub _parse_max_workers {

   my ($_max_workers) = @_;

   @_ = ();

   return $_max_workers unless (defined $_max_workers);

   if ($_max_workers =~ /^auto(?:$|\s*([\-\+\/\*])\s*(.+)$)/i) {
      my ($_ncpu_ul, $_ncpu);

      $_ncpu_ul = $_ncpu = get_ncpu();
      $_ncpu_ul = 8 if ($_ncpu_ul > 8);

      if ($1 && $2) {
         local $@; $_max_workers = eval "int($_ncpu_ul $1 $2 + 0.5)";
         $_max_workers = 1 if (!$_max_workers || $_max_workers < 1);
         $_max_workers = $_ncpu if ($_max_workers > $_ncpu);
      }
      else {
         $_max_workers = $_ncpu_ul;
      }
   }

   return $_max_workers;
}

sub _parse_chunk_size {

   my ($_chunk_size, $_max_workers, $_params, $_input_data, $_array_size) = @_;

   @_ = ();

   return $_chunk_size if (!defined $_chunk_size || !defined $_max_workers);

   if (defined $_params && exists $_params->{chunk_size}) {
      $_chunk_size = $_params->{chunk_size};
   }

   if ($_chunk_size =~ /([0-9\.]+)K\z/i) {
      $_chunk_size = int($1 * 1024 + 0.5);
   }
   elsif ($_chunk_size =~ /([0-9\.]+)M\z/i) {
      $_chunk_size = int($1 * 1024 * 1024 + 0.5);
   }

   if ($_chunk_size eq 'auto') {

      if ( (defined $_params && ref $_params->{input_data} eq 'CODE') ||
           (defined $_input_data && ref $_input_data eq 'CODE')
      ) {
         # Iterators may optionally use chunk_size to determine how much
         # to return per iteration. The default is 1 for MCE Models, same
         # as for the Core API. The user_func receives an array_ref
         # regardless if 1 or higher.
         #
         # sub make_iter {
         #    ...
         #    return sub {
         #       my ($chunk_size) = @_;
         #       ...
         #    };
         # }
         return 1;
      }

      my $_is_file;
      my $_size = $_array_size;

      if (defined $_input_data) {
         if (ref $_input_data eq 'ARRAY') {
            $_size = scalar @{ $_input_data };
         } elsif (ref $_input_data eq 'HASH') {
            $_size = scalar keys %{ $_input_data };
         }
      }

      if (defined $_params && exists $_params->{sequence}) {
         my ($_begin, $_end, $_step);

         if (ref $_params->{sequence} eq 'HASH') {
            $_begin = $_params->{sequence}->{begin};
            $_end   = $_params->{sequence}->{end};
            $_step  = $_params->{sequence}->{step} || 1;
         }
         else {
            $_begin = $_params->{sequence}[0];
            $_end   = $_params->{sequence}[1];
            $_step  = $_params->{sequence}[2] || 1;
         }

         if (!defined $_input_data && !$_array_size) {
            $_size = abs($_end - $_begin) / $_step + 1;
         }
      }
      elsif (defined $_params && exists $_params->{_file}) {
         my $_ref = ref $_params->{_file};

         if ($_ref eq 'SCALAR') {
            $_size = length ${ $_params->{_file} };
         } elsif ($_ref eq '') {
            $_size = -s $_params->{_file};
         } else {
            $_size = 0; $_chunk_size = 393_216;  # 384K
         }

         $_is_file = 1;
      }
      elsif (defined $_input_data) {
         if (ref($_input_data) =~ /^(?:GLOB|FileHandle|IO::)/) {
            $_is_file = 1; $_size = 0; $_chunk_size = 393_216;  # 384K
         }
         elsif (ref $_input_data eq 'SCALAR') {
            $_is_file = 1; $_size = length ${ $_input_data };
         }
      }

      if (defined $_is_file) {
         if ($_size) {
            $_chunk_size = int($_size / $_max_workers / 24 + 0.5);
            $_chunk_size = 5_242_880 if $_chunk_size > 5_242_880;  # 5M
            $_chunk_size = 2 if $_chunk_size <= 8192;
         }
      }
      else {
         $_chunk_size = int($_size / $_max_workers / 24 + 0.5);
         $_chunk_size = 8000 if $_chunk_size > 8000;
         $_chunk_size = 2 if $_chunk_size < 2;
      }
   }

   return $_chunk_size;
}

1;

__END__

###############################################################################
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Module usage.
##
###############################################################################

=head1 NAME

MCE::Util - Utility functions

=head1 VERSION

This document describes MCE::Util version 1.830

=head1 SYNOPSIS

 use MCE::Util;

=head1 DESCRIPTION

A utility module for MCE. Nothing is exported by default. Exportable is
get_ncpu.

=head2 get_ncpu()

Returns the number of logical (online/active/enabled) CPU cores; never smaller
than one.

 my $ncpu = MCE::Util::get_ncpu();

Specifying 'auto' for max_workers calls MCE::Util::get_ncpu automatically.
MCE 1.521 sets an upper-limit when specifying 'auto'. The reason is mainly
to safeguard apps from spawning 100 workers on a box having 100 cores.
This is important for apps which are IO-bound.

 use MCE;

 ## 'Auto' is the total # of logical cores (lcores) (8 maximum, MCE 1.521).
 ## The computed value will not exceed the # of logical cores on the box.

 my $mce = MCE->new(

 max_workers => 'auto',       ##  1 on HW with 1-lcores;  2 on  2-lcores
 max_workers =>  16,          ## 16 on HW with 4-lcores; 16 on 32-lcores

 max_workers => 'auto',       ##  4 on HW with 4-lcores;  8 on 16-lcores
 max_workers => 'auto*1.5',   ##  4 on HW with 4-lcores; 12 on 16-lcores
 max_workers => 'auto*2.0',   ##  4 on HW with 4-lcores; 16 on 16-lcores
 max_workers => 'auto/2.0',   ##  2 on HW with 4-lcores;  4 on 16-lcores
 max_workers => 'auto+3',     ##  4 on HW with 4-lcores; 11 on 16-lcores
 max_workers => 'auto-1',     ##  3 on HW with 4-lcores;  7 on 16-lcores

 max_workers => MCE::Util::get_ncpu,   ## run on all lcores
 );

In summary:

 1. Auto has an upper-limit of 8 in MCE 1.521 (# of lcores, 8 maximum)
 2. Math may be applied with auto (*/+-) to change the upper limit
 3. The computed value for auto will not exceed the total # of lcores
 4. One can specify max_workers explicitly to a hard value
 5. MCE::Util::get_ncpu returns the actual # of lcores

=head1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The portable code for detecting the number of processors was adopted from
L<Test::Smoke::SysInfo>.

=head1 INDEX

L<MCE|MCE>, L<MCE::Core>

=head1 AUTHOR

Mario E. Roy, S<E<lt>marioeroy AT gmail DOT comE<gt>>

=cut

