=encoding utf8

=head1 NAME

Book::Chinese::MasterPerlToday::BeACPANTester - Be a CPAN Tester

=head1 DESCRIPTION

本章主要描述如何配置 CPAN 和成为一个 CPAN 测试者。

=head2 配置 CPAN

当你安装 Perl 完毕之后，在命令行状态下输入

    $ cpan

会出现类似如下的东西

    E:\Fayland\chinese-perl-book>cpan
    
    cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v1.94)
    ReadLine support enabled
    
    
    cpan>

这将表明您已经成功安装了 CPAN 模块。

=over 4

=item * 配置 CPAN

在 cpan> 模式下输入

    cpan> o conf init

将重新配置 CPAN 设置

    cpan> o conf urllist
    urllist
        0 [http://cpan.strawberryperl.com/]
        1 [http://www.cpan.org/]

    cpan> o conf urllist unshift http://cpan.perl.org/
    cpan> o conf urllist
    urllist
        0 [http://cpan.perl.org/]
        1 [http://cpan.strawberryperl.com/]
        2 [http://www.cpan.org/]

可以快速控制模块远程网址。

=item * 安装模块

    cpan> install Moose

将开始安装或者升级模块。

=item * 重载索引

    cpan> reload index

cpan 默认缓存 index, 这样每次 install 模块的时候可以直接从索引文件构造出远程地址。有时候如果你发现你安装的模块不是最新版本时，可以使用 reload index 来强制更新索引。

=item * 搜寻模块

    cpan> m /Catalyst.*?Trait/
    Module    Catalyst::TraitFor::Log::Audio (RJURNEY/Catalyst-TraitFor-Log-Audio-0.02.tar.gz)
    Module  = Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::Caching (MSTROUT/Catalyst-Model-DBIC-Schema-0.26.tar.gz)
    Module  < Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::QueryLog (FAYLAND/Catalyst-TraitFor-Model-DBIC-Schema-QueryLog-0.02.tar.gz)
    Module  = Catalyst::TraitFor::Model::DBIC::Schema::Replicated (MSTROUT/Catalyst-Model-DBIC-Schema-0.26.tar.gz)
    Module    Catalyst::TraitFor::Request::ProxyBase (VEEP/Catalyst-TraitFor-Request-ProxyBase-0.000003.tar.gz)
    Module  < CatalystX::Component::Traits (BOBTFISH/CatalystX-Component-Traits-0.08.tar.gz)
    6 items found

更多搜索选项请使用帮助

    cpan> h

=item * 安装老版本模块

有时候安装某个模块完毕之后可能发现出错，想安装回原来的模块。或者您的脚本只能运行在老版本的某个模块之上。请遵循如下步骤

首先打开该模块老版本的 CPAN 页面如 L<http://search.cpan.org/~mramberg/Catalyst-Runtime-5.7015/>，然后查看 Download 的链接如 L<http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/M/MR/MRAMBERG/Catalyst-Runtime-5.7015.tar.gz>

    cpan> install MRAMBERG/Catalyst-Runtime-5.7015.tar.gz

或者直接命令行下

    $> cpan MRAMBERG/Catalyst-Runtime-5.7015.tar.gz

都会安装该版本模块而非最新的模块。

=item * 测试无法通过，但是我想强制安装

    cpan> force install Catalyst

或者在命令行：

    $> perl -MCPAN -e 'force("install", "Foorum");'

=item * 我想手工运行 perl Makefile.PL

    cpan> look DBIx::Class

=back

在安装过程中您将可能遇到以下问题：

=over 4

=item * Win32 下没有 make

如果您安装的是 ActivePerl, 那建议你简单下载 nmake L<http://download.microsoft.com/download/vc15/Patch/1.52/W95/EN-US/Nmake15.exe>

个人建议您安装 L<http://strawberryperl.com/|Strawberry Perl>, Strawberry Perl 自带 dmake

=item * 我没有权限写公用目录，或者，我想拥有自己的安装目录

请阅读 L<local::lib> 文档很简单而且很好用，推荐。

=back

=head2 CPAN 测试者

成为一个 CPAN 测试者是对 Perl 社区最快速的贡献办法之一。

    cpan> install CPAN::Reporter
    cpan> reload cpan
    cpan> o conf init test_report

这就是成为一个 CPAN 测试者您所需要的所有动作。

=head2 CPAN 相关网站

=over 4

=item * L<http://search.cpan.org/>

查找 CPAN 模块最好的地方。建议订阅 RSS

=item * L<http://cpan.uwinnipeg.ca/>

如果打不开 search.cpan

=item * L<http://cpants.perl.org/>

很多很好的服务类如 L<http://cpants.perl.org/dist/used_by/Moose>

=item * L<http://www.cpantesters.org/>

CPAN 测试者网站

=item * L<http://cpanratings.perl.org/>

=item * L<https://rt.cpan.org/>

报告模块 bug，patch 或者建议，一般请不要用 email 私下和作者联系，请尽量使用 RT

=item * L<http://annocpan.org/>

=item * L<http://cpantools.com/>

=item * L<http://hexten.net/cpan-faces/>

=back

=head1 SEE ALSO

=over 4

=item * L<CPAN>

=item * L<CPAN::Reporter>

=item * L<CPAN::Reporter::FAQ>

=back

=head1 AUTHOR

Fayland Lam, C<< <fayland at gmail.com> >>

=head1 COPYRIGHT & LICENSE

Copyright (c) 2009 Fayland Lam

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
