\section{Tutorial}

\label{sec:tutorial}

\subsection{Start and leave \texttt{References}, view database records}

\label{sec:TutorialStartBrowse}

Open a command-line prompt, change into the directory \verb+c:\refs43+. Enter 
\texttt{tutorial} (or \texttt{tutorial.bat}). The main menu appears:

\begin{verbatim}
   (Checking size of database files)
   (Checking size of bbt-files)

   MAIN MENU -- REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE V4.3 -- [e/l/b/s/d/t/f/i/q]

   [menu]:
\end{verbatim}

To view the options of the main menu, press [Enter]\footnote{Each time you see
a menu prompt ``\texttt{[\dots]:}'', you can see the options by typing
\mopt{menu} [Enter]. Everything you type at the \texttt{References} command
line must be followed by the [Enter] ([Return])-key}:

\begin{verbatim}
   [e] enter, edit, view
   [l] compile lists of references etc.
   [b] process batch files
   [s] search references by keywords, authors, title etc.
   [d] bibliographic/macro format definitions
   [t] text files, export/import from/into database
   [f] file, database and system functions
   [i] information about References v4.3
   [q] quit, return to the OS

   [menu]:
\end{verbatim}

To see some records of the \texttt{tutorial}-database select the
``\texttt{enter, edit, view}'' option with \mopt{e} [Enter]\footnote{From now
on the [Enter] key required after each selection is no more mentioned}:

\begin{verbatim}
   [menu]: e

   Menu: enter, edit, view [j1 ... m2/ir/er/fj/ij/ej/lj/fk/ik/lk/ed/c/b/s/q]
   
   [menu]:

\end{verbatim}

Have a look at the menu options with an empty string or \mopt{menu}:

\enlargethispage{5mm}

\begin{verbatim}
   [j1] create empty form for j1-type bibliographic record,
        more: [j2], [b1], [b2], [b3], [m1], [m2]
        [ir] import bibliographic record/reference (from form to database),
        [er] export/edit bibliographic record/reference (write to form)
   [fj] create empty form for journal data (name, short form ISSN)
        [ij] import journal data (from form to database),
        [ej] export/edit journal data (write to form),
        [lj] list journal data
   [fk] create empty form for keywords (to be transferred to the thesaurus),
        [ik] import keywords (from form to thesaurus),
        [lk] list keywords
   [ed] edit text files
   [ c] browse complete database
   [ b] browse database records by BBT-file
   [ s] browse records by BBT-file from last search
   [ q] back to main menu
   
   [menu]:
\end{verbatim}

To see the complete database, select \mopt{c}:

\begin{verbatim}
   Menu: browse complete database [f/l/n/p/c/k/#/i/s/a/q]

   [000000000001] *ARTICLE IN A JOURNAL* Author1 FN, Author2 FN: Titel of an
   article in a journal. New England Journal of Medicine (ISSN: 0028-4793)
   1996; 334: 1-12. KEYWORDS: journal article.

   [menu]:
\end{verbatim}

Have a look at the menu options (\mopt{menu}), go to the last record with 
\mopt{l}:

\begin{verbatim}
   [0000021] *BOOK* Daniels G: editor(s). Human blood groups. Blackwell Science:
   Oxford, 1995. KEYWORDS: blood groups, erythrocyte blood group antigens.
   (STATUS=y)

   [l]:
\end{verbatim}

As you can see, the last selected option goes into the menu brackets as
default, if a menu is used repeatedly. Go back one record with \mopt{p}:

\begin{verbatim}
   [0000020] *BOOK* Spriet A, Dupin-Spriet T, Simon P: editor(s). Methodology of
   clinical drug trials. (2. ed) Basel, Freiburg, Paris, London, New York, New
   Delhi, Bangkok, Singapore, Tokyo, Sydney: Karger, 1994. KEYWORDS:
   statistical methods, clinical trial, randomised controlled clinical trial,
   randomized prospective trial, methodology. (STATUS=y)

   [p]:
\end{verbatim}

Quit the menu ``browse complete database'' with \mopt{q}:

\begin{verbatim}
   Menu: enter, edit, view [j1 ... m2/ir/er/fj/ij/ej/lj/fk/ik/lk/c/b/s/q]

   [menu]:
\end{verbatim}

go back to the main menu with \mopt{q}:

\begin{verbatim}
   MAIN MENU -- REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE V4.3

   [menu]:
\end{verbatim}

\index{quit \texttt{References}}
quit \texttt{References} with \mopt{q}:

\begin{verbatim}
   MAIN MENU -- REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE V4.3

   [menu]:
\end{verbatim}

(optional): view the \mopt{menu}:

\begin{verbatim}
   [yes] yes, quit References
   [ no] no, continue to run References

   [menu]:
\end{verbatim}

confirm the command to quit with \mopt{yes}, this brings you back to the
command line of the operating system\footnote{or to the shell from which you
started \texttt{References}}.

\clearpage

\subsection{Search bibliographic records}

\label{sec:TutorialSearch}

Search commands are entered into a text file with default name
\verb+sr_fun.txt+%
  \footnote{This name will be different, if you changed it in
  the configuration file}. 
The search command itself has to be written into the first line, the name of
the bbt-file, into which \texttt{References} shall write the reference numbers
found%
  \footnote{A file with the filename extension \texttt{.bbt} 
(see section \ref{SecBatchFiles})}  may be written into the second line%
  \footnote{All further lines will be ignored by
  \texttt{References}}. 
As a first example, you may wish to see all records in the \texttt{References}
database with the item ``blood'' in the keywords-field. 

Therefore you should
load the search text file with 
\mopt{main-t ed s} into the text editor and
write the following two lines into the text 
file\footnote{Details of \texttt{References} search command syntax are
explained in sections \ref{SecSearch} and \ref{SecSearchCommand}},
save the file and close the text editor:

\begin{verbatim}
   keyw=blood
   bloodres
\end{verbatim}

Then return to the main menu with \mopt{q q} and
enter 
\mopt{main-s c s}. 
After the last menu
selection, \texttt{References} will issue the message:

\begin{verbatim}
   (0 seconds required)
   
   (File `C:\refs43\tutorial\rdb\bloodres.bbt' with 3 records)
   
   Menu: browse database records of bbt-file [f/l/n/p/c/k/#/i/s/a/q]
   
   [0000014] *BOOK* Baldwin ML, Jefferies LC: editor(s). Irradiation of blood
   components. (1. ed) Bethesda: American Association of blood banks, 1992.
   KEYWORDS: irradiation of blood components, TA-GvHR. (STATUS=y)
   
   [menu]:
\end{verbatim}

Select \mopt{f} to see the first record (of the three records found), if
another than the first record is shown\footnote{\texttt{References} will
first present record the current reference number, if it is present in the
\texttt{bloodres.bbt}-file, otherwise it opens the bbt-file with the first
record}:

\begin{verbatim}
   [menu]: f

   [0000014] *BOOK* Baldwin ML, Jefferies LC: editor(s). Irradiation of blood
   components. (1. ed) Bethesda: American Association of blood banks, 1992.
   KEYWORDS: irradiation of blood components, TA-GvHR. (STATUS=y)

   [f]:
   \end{verbatim}

   the next two records appear with \mopt{n n}:

   \begin{verbatim}
   [f]: n

   [0000019] *BOOK* Colman RW, Hirsh J, Marder VJ, Salzman EW: editor(s).
   Hemostasis and thrombosis. Basic principles and clinical practice. (2. ed)
   Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1987. KEYWORDS: hemostasis, thombosis, blood
   coagulation. (STATUS=y)

   [n]:

   [0000021] *BOOK* Daniels G: editor(s). Human blood groups. Blackwell Science:
   Oxford, 1995. KEYWORDS: blood groups, erythrocyte blood group antigens.
   (STATUS=y)

   [n]:
\end{verbatim}

\subsection{Make a list of references in standard format}

A list based on the reference numbers in the file \texttt{bloodres.bbt} shall
be written into a text file: 

\begin{itemize}
  \item Select \mopt{main-l s}\footnote{\mopt{main-l s} means: in the main menu enter the
    character \mopt{l}, press [Enter], enter the character [s], press [Enter]}
  \item enter name for the output file, \texttt{firstlis}
  \item select number assigned to \texttt{bloodres.bbt} (e.\,g. 1 or 2 \dots)
  \item select the appropriate references number format \mopt{1} 
  \item enter \texttt{1}\footnote{this is the number assigned to the first 
    item in the list}. 
\end{itemize}

This produces the list:

\begin{verbatim}
   [1] Baldwin ML, Jefferies LC. Irradiation of blood components. 1. ed.
   Bethesda: American Association of blood banks, 1992.

   [2] Colman RW, Hirsh J, Marder VJ, Salzman EW. Hemostasis and thrombosis.
   Basic principles and clinical practice. 2. ed. Philadelphia: J. B.
   Lippincott, 1987.

   [3] Daniels G. Human blood groups. Blackwell Science: Oxford, 1995.
\end{verbatim}

\subsection{Make a list of references in user-defined format}

A list based on the reference numbers in the file \texttt{bloodres.bbt} shall
be written into a text file. The list shall have the format for the journal
``Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift'' Select \mopt{main-l u}
[enter name for the output file, \texttt{secdlis}] 
[select number assigned to \texttt{bloodres.bbt}]
\mopt{f}
[look up the number assigned to the format definition for the ``Deutsche
Medizinische Wochenschrift'' journal]
\mopt{q} 
[enter the number assigned to the format definition for the ``Deutsche
Medizinische Wochenschrift'' journal]
\mopt{1 1}.
This produces the list:

\begin{verbatim}
   [1] Baldwin, M. L., L. C. Jefferies: Irradiation of blood components, 1.
   ed. (American Association of blood banks: Bethesda 1992).

   [2] Colman, R. W., J. Hirsh, V. J. Marder, E. W. Salzman: Hemostasis and
   thrombosis. Basic principles and clinical practice, 2. ed. (J. B.
   Lippincott: Philadelphia 1987).

   [3] Daniels, G.: Human blood groups (Oxford: Blackwell Science 1995).
\end{verbatim}

\subsection{Enter a new reference}

\index{enter new references}
\index{references!new}
Please enter the reference, it is of the j1 (article in a journal) document
type:

\begin{verbatim}
   Walter RB, Hong TC, Bachli EB: Life-threatening thrombocytopenia associated
   with acute Epstein-Barr virus infection in an older adult. Annals of
   Hematology 2002; 81:672-675
\end{verbatim}


First make an empty text file form for an ``article in a journal'' (j1) with
\mopt{main-e j1} enter the reference number: \texttt{0000022}.
\texttt{References} issues the message

\begin{verbatim}
   [menu]: j1

   New reference number (preferrably higher than 0000021): 0000022

   (Empty form for `j1' written into `in_form.txt')

   Menu: enter, edit, view [j1 ... m2/ir/er/fj/ij/ej/lj/fk/ik/lk/c/b/s/q]

   [menu]:
\end{verbatim}

One of the things you will have to know for entering a j1 bibliographic
reference is the code of the journal name. You can look it up
from references with \mopt{main-e lj} enter \texttt{Annals} as substring
(to look up \emph{Annals of Haematology}) \mopt{f} brings you to the first
page of this list, as you call see, \texttt{annh} is the code for this
journal.
Close \texttt{References} or change into the 
\textit{text editor shell}-window,
open this text file with the editor \mopt{edit-main-r}:


\begin{verbatim}
   ----REFERENCE-NUMBER-[width:12]
   0000022
   ----DOCUMENT-TYPE-[width:2]
   j1
   ----AUTHORS-[width:26,6]

   ----TITLE-ARTICLE-[width:255w]

   ----JOURNAL-[width:4]

   ----DATE-YEAR-[width:4;num]

   ----DATE-MONTH-[width:2;num:1..12]

   ----DATE-DAY-[width:2;num:1..31]

   ----VOLUME-[width:20]

   ----ISSUE-NUMBER-[width:8]

   ----FIRST-PAGE-[width:10]

   ----LAST-PAGE-[width:10]

   ----STATUS-[width:12]

   ----KEYWORDS-[width:75]

   ----K-NUMBER-[width:12]

   ----ABSTRACT-[width:30600w]

   ----END-OF-RECORD
\end{verbatim}

Now you can enter the information about this reference

\begin{verbatim}
   ----REFERENCE-NUMBER-[width:12]
   0000022
   ----DOCUMENT-TYPE-[width:2]
   j1
   ----AUTHORS-[width:26,6]
   Walter,RB
   Hong,TC
   Bachli,EB
   ----TITLE-ARTICLE-[width:255w]
   Life-threatening thrombocytopenia associated with acute Epstein-Barr 
   virus infection in an older adult.
   ----JOURNAL-[width:4]
   annh
   ----DATE-YEAR-[width:4;num]
   2002
   ----DATE-MONTH-[width:2;num:1..12]

   ----DATE-DAY-[width:2;num:1..31]

   ----VOLUME-[width:20]
   81
   ----ISSUE-NUMBER-[width:8]

   ----FIRST-PAGE-[width:10]
   672
   ----LAST-PAGE-[width:10]
   675
   ----STATUS-[width:12]

   ----KEYWORDS-[width:75]
   thrombocytopenia
   Epstein-Barr-virus
   ----K-NUMBER-[width:12]

   ----ABSTRACT-[width:30600w]

   ----END-OF-RECORD
\end{verbatim}

If you have completed, save the text file, go back to the \texttt{References}
window and save this reference: \mopt{main-e ir}, look at the data read from
the input form,  go to the first page  \mopt{f}. If everything is o.k., close
the \emph{view text file function} with \mopt{q}, confirm with \mopt{y} that
you do wish to save this record.

\subsection{Create a bibliographic format definition}

\label{secTutorialBFD}

First select a reference (of \texttt{j1} document type) in the
\texttt{tutorial} database for testing: open the tutorial database, browse
towards the article with the key \texttt{0000005}%
  \footnote{which should appear as: [0000005] *ARTICLE IN A JOURNAL* Giltay
  JC, Brinkman HJM, Vlekke A, Kiefel V, van Mourik JA, von dem Borne AEGK: The
  platelet glycoprotein Ia-IIa-associated Br-alloantigen system is expressed
  by cultured endothelial cells. British Journal of Haematology 1990; 75:
  557-560. KEYWORDS: platelet glycoprotein Ia/IIa, Br(a), MAIPA, MAIEA,
  asscociation, expression.}%
, save the reference number with \mopt{s} quit with \mopt{q} and save the
reference number under the name \texttt{make-fde} (\texttt{References} will
prompt you for this name).

Create an empty fde-file with \mopt{main-d mf}, \texttt{References} prompts
you for the name, enter \texttt{samp}, this step creates the empty format
definition form \texttt{samp.fde}. Development of a format defintion is done
in the following cycle of actions:

\begin{enumerate}
  \item Open the file \texttt{samp.fde} with \mopt{main-t ed m} 
    (select the file
    with the assigned number)
  \item make the necessary changes with the text editor, save \texttt{samp.fde}
  \item produce a list of references (using \texttt{samp.fde}), therefore:
  
  \begin{enumerate}
    \item select \mopt{main-l tu}
    \item confirm ``\texttt{reflist}'' as output file name
    \item select the number assigned to \texttt{make-fde.bbt}
    \item select the number assigned to \texttt{samp.fde}
    \item select \texttt{1} as reference number format
    \item confirm \texttt{1} as starting number 
    \item \texttt{References} will then show the message 
         \verb+(Textfile C:\refs43\tutorial\reflist.txt written)+ 
  \end{enumerate}
  \item Open 
    \texttt{reflist.txt} with \mopt{main-t ed m}. At this point only
    \texttt{[1]} has been written to \texttt{reflist.txt}. Now, please begin
    with step 1. of the cycle.
\end{enumerate}

Please make yourself practically acquainted with this ``cycle''. In the
following explanations, progress in the \texttt{samp.fde}-file and the
will be related to the resulting \texttt{reflist.txt}-file.

\subsubsection{The first steps}

First we will try to get the title.  Change of

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   --
   -- major elements (lines) for document type `journal article' (j1):
   -- sequence of list of authors (%au), title (%ti), localization (%lo)
   --
   -- width: 3
   --
   j1 string 1 ''
   j1 string 2 ''
   j1 string 3 ''
\end{verbatim}
\par}

in \texttt{samp.fde} to

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   --
   -- major elements (lines) for document type `journal article' (j1):
   -- sequence of list of authors (%au), title (%ti), localization (%lo)
   --
   -- width: 3
   --
   j1 string 1 '%ti'
   j1 string 2 ''
   j1 string 3 ''
\end{verbatim}
\par}

results in 

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   [1] 
\end{verbatim}
\par}

(\texttt{reflist.txt}), i.\,e. nothing of the title is printed,
with the additional change of

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 title 0 ''
\end{verbatim}
\par}

in \texttt{samp.fde} to

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 title 0 '%title'
\end{verbatim}
\par}

you will see

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   [1] The platelet glycoprotein Ia-IIa-associated Br-alloantigen system is
   expressed by cultured endothelial cells
\end{verbatim}
\par}

(\texttt{reflist.txt})\footnote{In this section output in \texttt{reflist.txt}
will be shown wrapped}.


Again change of

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 string 1 '%ti'
   j1 string 2 ''
\end{verbatim}
\par}

in \texttt{samp.fde} to

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 string 1 '%ti'
   j1 string 2 '%au'
\end{verbatim}
\par}

results in 

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   [1] The platelet glycoprotein Ia-IIa-associated Br-alloantigen system is
   expressed by cultured endothelial cells
\end{verbatim}
\par}

i.\,e. nothing of the \emph{authors line} is printed into
\texttt{reflist.txt}. Only if you complete

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 authors 0 ''
\end{verbatim}
\par}

in \texttt{samp.fde} to

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 authors 0 '%auth'
\end{verbatim}
\par}

this will append something like an unformatted list of authors: 

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   [1] The platelet glycoprotein Ia-IIa-associated Br-alloantigen system is
   expressed by cultured endothelial cellsGiltayBrinkmanVlekkeKiefelvan Mourikvon
   dem Borne
\end{verbatim}
\par}

(\texttt{reflist.txt}).
To reverse the sequence of title and list of authors, change

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 string 1 '%ti'
   j1 string 2 '%au'
\end{verbatim}
\par}

in \texttt{samp.fde} to

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 string 1 '%au'
   j1 string 2 '%ti'
\end{verbatim}
\par}

This results in 

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   [1] GiltayBrinkmanVlekkeKiefelvan Mourikvon dem BorneThe platelet glycoprotein
   Ia-IIa-associated Br-alloantigen system is expressed by cultured endothelial
   cells
\end{verbatim}
\par}

(\texttt{reflist.txt}). Formatting the list of authors will be done later.

\subsubsection{Summary -- first steps}

\index{entry of format definition data, syntax}
\index{syntax of format definition data}

Entries of format definition data are made in the format (between the
\texttt{''}s):

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   document type field name 'contents of the field'
\end{verbatim}
\par}
 
Format definition data may occcur in any sequence in the \texttt{fde}-file.
Comments are usually of the form\footnote{resembling SQL or Lua-comments}:

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   --
   -- major elements (lines) for document type `book' (b1):
   -- sequence of list of editors (%ed), book-title (%bo), localization (%lo)
   --
   -- width: 3
   --
\end{verbatim}
\par}

The keywords \verb+%ti+, \verb+%au+ and \verb+%so+\footnote{the
keyword \texttt{\%lo} will be explained
later} at the beginning of the format  desfinition file (\texttt{samp.fde})  

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 string 1 '%ti'
   j1 string 2 '%au'
   j1 string 3 ''
\end{verbatim}
\par}

do not enter anything, but they determine the sequence of the \emph{title} and
\emph{list of authors lines} which are entered and formatted later.

\subsubsection{Adding punctuation marks to \emph{title} and \emph{authors lines}}

To append a full stop to the title line, change

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 title 0 '%title'
   j1 title 1 ''
\end{verbatim}
\par}

in \texttt{samp.fde} to

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 title 0 '%title'
   j1 title 1 '.'
\end{verbatim}
\par}

which results in 

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   [1] GiltayBrinkmanVlekkeKiefelvan Mourikvon dem BorneThe platelet
   glycoprotein Ia-IIa-associated Br-alloantigen system is expressed by
   cultured endothelial cells.
\end{verbatim}
\par}

(\texttt{reflist.txt}). As you can see, a full-stop is added to the title.
You may imagine that is useful that a function only adds a full-stop, if the
title line does not end with a `.', `!' or `?'. In in this context it is more
appropriate to write\footnote{to understand how this works, please read the
description of the \texttt{\%fullstop} keyword in section
\ref{DescriptionOfKeywords}, page \pageref{DescriptionOfKeywords}}:

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 title 0 '%title'
   j1 title 1 '%fullstop'
\end{verbatim}
\par}

To append \texttt{`: '} to the list of authors,
change 

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 authors 0 '%auth'
   j1 authors 1 ''
\end{verbatim}
\par}

in \texttt{samp.fde} to

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 authors 0 '%auth'
   j1 authors 1 ': '
\end{verbatim}
\par}

which results in 

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   [1] GiltayBrinkmanVlekkeKiefelvan Mourikvon dem Borne: The platelet
   glycoprotein Ia-IIa-associated Br-alloantigen system is expressed by
   cultured endothelial cells.
\end{verbatim}
\par}

(\texttt{reflist.txt}).

\subsubsection{Formatting the list of authors or editors \emph{(author line)}}

In this section, the list of authors shall be formatted like \texttt{`A. B.
FirstAuthor, C.  SecondAuthor and Z. LastAuthor'}. Therfore, change

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 authors string type ''
\end{verbatim}
\par}

in \texttt{samp.fde} to

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
  j1 authors string type '2'
\end{verbatim}
\par}

which results in 

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   [1] JCGiltayHJMBrinkmanAVlekkeVKiefelJAvan MourikAEGKvon dem Borne: The
   platelet glycoprotein Ia-IIa-associated Br-alloantigen system is expressed
   by cultured endothelial cells.
\end{verbatim}
\par}

(\texttt{reflist.txt}). As you can see, first names are now inserted, but
without spaces and punctuation marks\footnote{Descriptions of valid codes in
this context is provided in table \ref{tab:SequenceAuthNames}, page
\pageref{tab:SequenceAuthNames}} Further formatting requires definition of
delimiters and short strings described in figure
\ref{fig:AuthorsListsDelimiters} (page \pageref{fig:AuthorsListsDelimiters})
and its legend.



Change of

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 delimiter ^1 in authors string ''
\end{verbatim}
\par}

in \texttt{samp.fde} to

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 delimiter ^1 in authors string ', '
\end{verbatim}
\par}

results in 

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   [1] JCGiltay, HJMBrinkman, AVlekke, VKiefel, JAvan MourikAEGKvon dem Borne:
   The platelet glycoprotein Ia-IIa-associated Br-alloantigen system is
   expressed by cultured endothelial cells.
\end{verbatim}
\par}

(\texttt{reflist.txt}). To insert ``\texttt{ and }'' between the last two
names, 
change

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 delimiter ^2 in authors string ''
\end{verbatim}
\par}

in \texttt{samp.fde} to

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
  j1 delimiter ^2 in authors string ' and '
\end{verbatim}
\par}

which results in 

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   [1] JCGiltay, HJMBrinkman, AVlekke, VKiefel, JAvan Mourik and AEGKvon dem
   Borne: The platelet glycoprotein Ia-IIa-associated Br-alloantigen system is
   expressed by cultured endothelial cells.
\end{verbatim}
\par}

(\texttt{reflist.txt}). Now ``\texttt{. }'' will be inserted between the first
names, therefore, please
change

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 delimiter ^3 in authors string ''
\end{verbatim}
\par}

in \texttt{samp.fde} to

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 delimiter ^3 in authors string '. '
\end{verbatim}
\par}

which results in 

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   [1] J. C.Giltay, H. J. M.Brinkman, A.Vlekke, V.Kiefel, J. A.van Mourik and
   A. E. G. K.von dem Borne: The platelet glycoprotein Ia-IIa-associated
   Br-alloantigen system is expressed by cultured endothelial cells.
\end{verbatim}
\par}

(\texttt{reflist.txt}). As you can see, the trailing space after the last
first name (the last forename) is removed, this allows you to insert a
space\footnote{or something else} between forenames and names explicitly.
Therefore you will have to change

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 delimiter ^4 in authors string ''
\end{verbatim}
\par}

in \texttt{samp.fde} to

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 delimiter ^4 in authors string ' '
\end{verbatim}
\par}

which results in 

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   [1] J. C. Giltay, H. J. M. Brinkman, A. Vlekke, V. Kiefel, J. A. van Mourik
   and A. E. G. K. von dem Borne: The platelet glycoprotein Ia-IIa-associated
   Br-alloantigen system is expressed by cultured endothelial cells.
\end{verbatim}
\par}

(\texttt{reflist.txt}).

\subsubsection{Create the \emph{localization line}}

With the explanations of this section, you will finish the format definition 
for the \emph{article in a journal} (j1) document type. The localization line
for articles in a journal shall have the format: ``abbreviated journal name
year;volume:first page--last page''.

Therefore, change

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 title 0 '%title'
   j1 title 1 '%fullstop'
   j1 title 2 ''
\end{verbatim}
\par}

in \texttt{samp.fde} to

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 title 0 '%title'
   j1 title 1 '%fullstop'
   j1 title 2 '%space'
\end{verbatim}
\par}

which appends a space to the title line. For the localization line, 
change

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 string 3 ''
\end{verbatim}
\par}

to

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 string 3 '%lo'
\end{verbatim}
\par}

to make the following change from

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 localization 0 ''
   j1 localization 1 ''
   j1 localization 2 ''
   j1 localization 3 ''
   j1 localization 4 ''
   j1 localization 5 ''
   j1 localization 6 ''
   j1 localization 7 ''
   j1 localization 8 ''
   j1 localization 9 ''
\end{verbatim}
\par}

in \texttt{samp.fde} to

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   j1 localization 0 '%journsh'
   j1 localization 1 '%space'
   j1 localization 2 '%year'
   j1 localization 3 ';'
   j1 localization 4 '%volume'
   j1 localization 5 ':'
   j1 localization 6 '%pagefrom'
   j1 localization 7 '%pgs(-)'
   j1 localization 8 '%pagetosh'
   j1 localization 9 '.'
\end{verbatim}
\par}

visible.
This results in 

{ \footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
   [1] J. C. Giltay, H. J. M. Brinkman, A. Vlekke, V. Kiefel, J. A. van Mourik
   and A. E. G. K. von dem Borne: The platelet glycoprotein Ia-IIa-associated
   Br-alloantigen system is expressed by cultured endothelial cells. Br J
   Haematol 1990;75:557-60.
\end{verbatim}
\par}

(\texttt{reflist.txt}). This is a simple format definition of the j1 document
type, you will then have to write similar descriptions for the other document
types. To learn more about writing format definitions, you should read format
definitions provided with \texttt{References} and you should ``play'' with
copies of format definitions, i.\,e., you should modify them and study the
results. For writing format definitions, it is generally recommended to write
first the j1, b1 and b2 format definitions. All the other format definitions
can be derived.


%% Change of
%% 
%% { \footnotesize
%% \begin{verbatim}
%% \end{verbatim}
%% \par}
%% 
%% in \texttt{samp.fde} to
%% 
%% { \footnotesize
%% \begin{verbatim}
%% \end{verbatim}
%% \par}
%% 
%% results in 
%% 
%% { \footnotesize
%% \begin{verbatim}
%% \end{verbatim}
%% \par}
%% 
%% (\texttt{reflist.txt}).


\clearpage

%%% make-fde.bbt
%%% samp.fde


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