Test::Perl::Critic(3p)

NAME
Test::Perl::Critic - Use Perl::Critic in test programs

SYNOPSIS
Test one file:

  use Test::Perl::Critic;
  use Test::More tests => 1;
  critic_ok($file);

Or test all files in one or more directories:

  use Test::Perl::Critic;
  all_critic_ok($dir_1, $dir_2, $dir_N );

Or test all files in a distribution:

  use Test::Perl::Critic;
  all_critic_ok();

Recommended usage for CPAN distributions:

  use strict;
  use warnings;
  use File::Spec;
  use Test::More;
  use English qw(-no_match_vars);

  if ( not $ENV{TEST_AUTHOR} ) {
      my $msg = 'Author test.  Set $ENV{TEST_AUTHOR} to a true value to run.';
      plan( skip_all => $msg );
  }

  eval { require Test::Perl::Critic; };

  if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
     my $msg = 'Test::Perl::Critic required to criticise code';
     plan( skip_all => $msg );
  }

  my $rcfile = File::Spec->catfile( 't', 'perlcriticrc' );
  Test::Perl::Critic->import( -profile => $rcfile );
  all_critic_ok();

DESCRIPTION
Test::Perl::Critic wraps the Perl::Critic engine in a convenient subroutine suitable for test programs written using the Test::More framework. This makes it easy to integrate coding-standards enforcement into the build process. For ultimate convenience (at the expense of some flexibility), see the criticism pragma.

If you have an large existing code base, you might prefer to use Test::Perl::Critic::Progressive, which allows you to clean your code incrementally instead of all at once..

If you'd like to try Perl::Critic without installing anything, there is a web-service available at <http://perlcritic.com>. The web-service does not support all the configuration features that are available in the native Perl::Critic API, but it should give you a good idea of what Perl::Critic can do.

SUBROUTINES

all_critic_ok( [ @FILES ] )
    Runs critic_ok() for all Perl files in the list of @FILES. If a file is actually a directory, then all Perl files beneath that directory (recursively) will be run through critic_ok(). If @FILES is empty or not given, then the blib/ is used if it exists, and if not, then lib/ is used. Returns true if all files are okay, or false if any file fails.

    This subroutine emits its own test plan, so you do not need to specify the expected number of tests or call done_testing(). Therefore, "all_critic_ok" generally cannot be used in a test script that includes other sorts of tests.

    all_critic_ok() is also optimized to run tests in parallel over multiple cores (if you have them) so it is usually better to call this function than calling critic_ok() directly.

critic_ok( $FILE [, $TEST_NAME ] )
    Okays the test if Perl::Critic does not find any violations in $FILE. If it does, the violations will be reported in the test diagnostics. The optional second argument is the name of test, which defaults to "Perl::Critic test for $FILE".

    If you use this form, you should load Test::More and emit your own test plan first or call done_testing() afterwards.

CONFIGURATION
Perl::Critic is highly configurable. By default, Test::Perl::Critic invokes Perl::Critic with its default configuration. But if you have developed your code against a custom Perl::Critic configuration, you will want to configure Test::Perl::Critic to do the same.

Any arguments passed through the "use" pragma (or via "Test::Perl::Critic->import()" )will be passed into the Perl::Critic constructor. So if you have developed your code using a custom ~/.perlcriticrc file, you can direct Test::Perl::Critic to use your custom file too.

  use Test::Perl::Critic (-profile => 't/perlcriticrc');
  all_critic_ok();

Now place a copy of your own ~/.perlcriticrc file in the distribution as t/perlcriticrc. Then, critic_ok() will be run on all Perl files in this distribution using this same Perl::Critic configuration. See the Perl::Critic documentation for details on the .perlcriticrc file format.

Any argument that is supported by the Perl::Critic constructor can be passed through this interface. For example, you can also set the minimum severity level, or include & exclude specific policies like this:

  use Test::Perl::Critic (-severity => 2, -exclude => ['RequireRcsKeywords']);
  all_critic_ok();

See the Perl::Critic documentation for complete details on its options and arguments.

DIAGNOSTIC DETAILS
By default, Test::Perl::Critic displays basic information about each Policy violation in the diagnostic output of the test. You can customize the format and content of this information by using the "-verbose" option. This behaves exactly like the "-verbose" switch on the perlcritic program. For example:

  use Test::Perl::Critic (-verbose => 6);

  #or...

  use Test::Perl::Critic (-verbose => '%f: %m at %l');

If given a number, Test::Perl::Critic reports violations using one of the predefined formats described below. If given a string, it is interpreted to be an actual format specification. If the "-verbose" option is not specified, it defaults to 3.

    Verbosity     Format Specification
    -----------   -------------------------------------------------------
     1            "%f:%l:%c:%m\n",
     2            "%f: (%l:%c) %m\n",
     3            "%m at %f line %l\n",
     4            "%m at line %l, column %c.  %e.  (Severity: %s)\n",
     5            "%f: %m at line %l, column %c.  %e.  (Severity: %s)\n",
     6            "%m at line %l, near '%r'.  (Severity: %s)\n",
     7            "%f: %m at line %l near '%r'.  (Severity: %s)\n",
     8            "[%p] %m at line %l, column %c.  (Severity: %s)\n",
     9            "[%p] %m at line %l, near '%r'.  (Severity: %s)\n",
    10            "%m at line %l, column %c.\n  %p (Severity: %s)\n%d\n",
    11            "%m at line %l, near '%r'.\n  %p (Severity: %s)\n%d\n"

Formats are a combination of literal and escape characters similar to the way "sprintf" works. See String::Format for a full explanation of the formatting capabilities. Valid escape characters are:

    Escape    Meaning
    -------   ----------------------------------------------------------------
    %c        Column number where the violation occurred
    %d        Full diagnostic discussion of the violation (DESCRIPTION in POD)
    %e        Explanation of violation or page numbers in PBP
    %F        Just the name of the logical file where the violation occurred.
    %f        Path to the logical file where the violation occurred.
    %G        Just the name of the physical file where the violation occurred.
    %g        Path to the physical file where the violation occurred.
    %l        Logical line number where the violation occurred
    %L        Physical line number where the violation occurred
    %m        Brief description of the violation
    %P        Full name of the Policy module that created the violation
    %p        Name of the Policy without the Perl::Critic::Policy:: prefix
    %r        The string of source code that caused the violation
    %C        The class of the PPI::Element that caused the violation
    %s        The severity level of the violation

CAVEATS
Despite the convenience of using a test script to enforce your coding standards, there are some inherent risks when distributing those tests to others. Since you don't know which version of Perl::Critic the end-user has and whether they have installed any additional Policy modules, you can't really be sure that your code will pass the Test::Perl::Critic tests on another machine.

For these reasons, we strongly advise you to make your perlcritic tests optional, or exclude them from the distribution entirely.

The recommended usage in the "SYNOPSIS" section illustrates one way to make your perlcritic.t test optional. Another option is to put perlcritic.t and other author-only tests in a separate directory (xt/ seems to be common), and then use a custom build action when you want to run them. Also, you should not list Test::Perl::Critic as a requirement in your build script. These tests are only relevant to the author and should not be a prerequisite for end-use.

See <http://chrisdolan.net/talk/2005/11/14/private-regression-tests/> for an interesting discussion about Test::Perl::Critic and other types of author-only regression tests.

FOR Dist::Zilla USERS
If you use Test::Perl::Critic with Dist::Zilla, beware that some DZ plugins may mutate your code in ways that are not compliant with your Perl::Critic rules. In particular, the standard Dist::Zilla::Plugin::PkgVersion will inject a $VERSION declaration at the top of the file, which will violate Perl::Critic::Policy::TestingAndDebugging::RequireUseStrict. One solution is to use the Dist::Zilla::Plugin::OurPkgVersion which allows you to control where the $VERSION declaration appears.

EXPORTS
  critic_ok()
  all_critic_ok()

BUGS
If you find any bugs, please submit them to <https://github.com/Perl-Critic/Test-Perl-Critic/issues>. Thanks.

SEE ALSO
Module::Starter::PBP

Perl::Critic

Test::More

CREDITS
Andy Lester, whose Test::Pod module provided most of the code and documentation for Test::Perl::Critic. Thanks, Andy.

AUTHOR
Jeffrey Ryan Thalhammer <jeff@thaljef.org>

COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 2005-2018 Jeffrey Ryan Thalhammer.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. The full text of this license can be found in the LICENSE file included with this module.