Life Pisces Actinopterygii Perciformes Centracanthidae

• Spicara alta Heemstra, 1990

  • Smaris altus Osãrio, 1917; (valid as)
  • Smaris macrophthalmus Cadenat, 1937; (synonym)

  • Spicara alta; [CoL]
  • Spicara altum; [iNaturalist]
• Spicara australis Heemstra, 1986

  • Smaris australis Regan, 1921; (valid as)

  • Spicara australe; [iNaturalist]
  • Spicara australis; [CoL]
• Spicara axillaris Heemstra, 1986

  • Caesio axillaris Boulenger, 1900; (valid as)
  • Caesio algoae Smith, 1935; (synonym)

  • Spicara axillare; [iNaturalist]
  • Spicara axillaris; [CoL]
• Spicara maena Tortonese et al., 1973

  • Sparus maena Linnaeus, 1758; (valid as)
  • Sparus zebra Brìnnich, 1768; (synonym)
  • Sparus lineatus Osbeck, 1770; (synonym)
  • Sparus mendola Lacep¨de, 1802; (synonym)
  • Sparus osbeck Lacep¨de, 1802; (synonym)
  • Sparus tricuspidatus Spinola, 1807; (synonym)
  • Smaris gora Risso, 1827; (synonym)
  • Maena jusculum Cuvier, 1829; (synonym)
  • Maena maena Cuvier, 1829; (valid as)
  • Smaris cagarella Cuvier, 1829; (synonym)
  • Maena osbeckii Valenciennes, 1830; (synonym)
  • Maena vomerina Valenciennes, 1830; (synonym)
  • Maena vulgaris Valenciennes, 1830; (synonym)
  • Smaris chryselis Valenciennes, 1830; (synonym)
  • Smaris gagarella Valenciennes, 1830; (synonym)
  • Maenas maena Bleeker (ex Klein), 1876; (valid as)
  • Moena saura Sarato, 1889; (synonym)

  • Spicara maena; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
  • S. m. flexuosa Tortonese et al., 1973

    • Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810; (synonym)
    • Spicara flexuosum Rafinesque, 1810; (valid as)

    • Spicara flexuosum; [iNaturalist]
• Spicara martinicus

  • Smaris martinicus Valenciennes, 1830; (valid as)

  • Spicara martinicus; [CoL]
• Spicara melanurus

  • Smaris melanurus Valenciennes, 1830; (valid as)
  • Pterosmaris melanura Fowler, 1925; (valid as)
  • Pterosmaris melanurus Tortonese et al., 1973; (valid as)
  • Spicara melanurus Heemstra, 1990; (valid as)

  • Spicara melanurus; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
• Spicara nigricauda Heemstra, 1990

  • Coleosmaris nigricauda Norman, 1931; (valid as)

  • Spicara nigricauda; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
• Spicara smaris

  • Sparus smaris Linnaeus, 1758; (valid as)
  • Sparus alcedo Risso, 1810; (synonym)
  • Sciaena gymnodon Pallas, 1814; (synonym)
  • Smaris smaris Cuvier, 1814; (valid as)
  • Smaris ornatus Roux, 1830; (unavailable, in passing)
  • Smaris vulgaris Valenciennes, 1830; (synonym)
  • Smaris gracilis Bonaparte, 1836; (synonym)
  • Smaris maurii Bonaparte, 1836; (synonym)
  • Marsis smaris Barnard, 1927; (valid as)
  • Smaris smaris Berg, 1949; (valid as)
  • Spicara smaris Tortonese et al., 1973; (valid as)

  • Spicara smaris; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
• Spicara zebra

  • Sparus massiliensis Lacep¨de, 1802; (synonym, objective)
  • Sparus massiliensis Lacep¨de, 1802; (unneeded replacement)

24.4.2004 (9)

Additional information sources:

• 
  The taxonomic information and the basic database has been provided by; e-mail: Igor Sheremetyev; This is a conversion from a database dump, and there are probably many odd things as result of automatic conversion.