Gangara

Gangara Moore, [1881]

Gangara Moore, [1881] (Hesperiidae); Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 164; TS: Papilio thyrsis Fabricius
Paduka Distant, 1886; Rhopalocera Malayana: 369, 375; TS: Paduka glandulosa Distant

Gangara; [LepIndex]; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [NHM-BMW]
Gangara (Hesperiinae); Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 68
Paduka; [NHM-BMW]

Gangara thyrsis (Fabricius, 1775)

Ceylon, S.India - Bombay, Calcutta, Sikkim - Assam, Burma. See [maps] Giant Redeye

Papilio thyrsis Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 532, no. 383; TL: "America" [= error, Tranquebar, S.India]

Gangara thyrsis pandina; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
Gangara thyrsis philippensis; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
Gangara thyrsis; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 165, pl. 66, f. 3, 3a; Piepers & Snellen, 1910, Rhop. Java [2]: 30, pl. 8, f. 44a-b; [BOW]: pl. 186, f. 25; [MRS], 737; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 68; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]
Telegonus thyrsis; Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 49 Pt.II (4): 242

G. t. thyrsis S.India, NW.India - Burma, Andamans, S.Nicobars, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Hainan, S.China, Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo, Bangka, Nias, Palawan, Sulawesi

Hesperia pandia Moore, [1858]; in Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. Mus. East India Coy 1: 254, pl. 7, f. 10, 10a; TL: Calcutta
Gangara thyrsis pandia Fruhstorfer, 1910; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 24 (5): 102; TL: Java
Gangara thyrsis yasodara Fruhstorfer, 1910; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 24 (5): 103; TL: Andamans
Gangara thyrsis hainana Sonan, 1930; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 20 (106): 37; TL: Hainan
- = ; Chiba, Hsu, Tsukiyama, Lo, Chen & Wang, 2009, Zootaxa 2202: 56

Gangara thyrsis thyrsis; Inoue & Kawazoe, 1970, Tyô to Ga 21 (1/2): 1, f. 131; [BMP]: 372, pl. 58, f. 1-2; [Yutaka Inayoshi]
Hesperia pandia; Moore, [1866], Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (3): 790

G. t. clothilda (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)

Goniloba clothilda Herrich-Schäffer, 1869; CorrespBl. zool.-min. Ver. Regensburg 23 (12): 195; TL: ?Ceylon

Gangara thyrsis clothilda; [LepIndex]; [CoL]

Gangara sanguinocculus (Martin, 1895)

Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra. See [maps]

Erionota sanguinocculus Martin, 1895; Einige Tagschmett. [1]: 5; TL: NE.Sumatra

Gangara sanguinocculus; [BMP]: 373, pl. 58, f. 16-17; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist] ; [Yutaka Inayoshi]

Gangara lebadea (Hewitson, 1868)

India, Ceylon, Malaya, Indo-China, Borneo. See [maps]

Hesperia lebadea Hewitson, 1868; Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Hesperia III): [101], pl. [51], f. 22-23; TL: Borneo

Erionota lebadea; Piepers & Snellen, 1910, Rhop. Java [2]: 30, pl. 8, f. 43a-c
Gangara lebadea; [BOW]: pl. 186, f. 26; [MRS], 737; [LepIndex] ; [CoL] ; [iNaturalist]

1245x1113 (~346Kb) ♂ underside Cambodia, Koh Kong Province, Tatai commune, bamboo forest at Rainbow Lodge near Phum Doung village. 24th August 2011, Photo © Oleg Kosterin

G. l. lebadea Sikkim - Burma, Thailand, Laos, N.Vietnam, Yunnan, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Bawean, Bali, Palawan

Paduka glandulosa Distant, 1886; Rhopalocera Malayana: 376, pl. 35, f. 5; TL: Malaysia

Gangara lebadea lebadea; [BMP]: 373, pl. 58, f. 3-4; [Yutaka Inayoshi]

G. l. subfasciata (Moore, 1878) Ceylon

Ismene subfasciata Moore, 1878; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (3): 686; TL: Ceylon

Gangara lebadea subfasciata; [LepIndex]; [CoL]
Matapa subfasciata; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (4): 164, pl. 64, f. 3a-b

G. l. andamanica (Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881) Andamans

Ismene lebadea var. andamanica Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 50 Pt.II (4): 254; TL: Andamans

Gangara lebadea andamanica; [LepIndex]; [CoL]

Gangara tumpa de Jong, 1992

Sulawesi. See [maps]

Gangara tumpa; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 69

References:

[CiNii]
http://ci.nii.ac.jp/
[CoL] Catalogue of Life
Bánki, O., Roskov, Y., Döring, M., Ower, G., Hernández Robles, D. R., Plata Corredor, C. A., Stjernegaard Jeppesen, T., Örn, A., Vandepitte, L., Hobern, D., Schalk, P., DeWalt, R. E., Ma, K., Miller, J., Orrell, T., Aalbu, R., Abbott, J., Adlard, R., Aedo, C., et al. (2024). Catalogue of Life Checklist (Version 2024-03-26); https://doi.org/10.48580/dfz8d
[LAMAS-2005] Gerardo Lamas
Entomofauna 26 (6): 57-100; A Bibliography of the Zoological Publications of Hans Fruhstorfer (1886* - 1922+)
[LepIndex] Global Lepidoptera Index
Beccaloni, G., Scoble, M., Kitching, I., Simonsen, T., Robinson, G., Pitkin, B., Hine, A., Lyal, C., Ollerenshaw, J., Wing, P., & Hobern, D. (2024). Global Lepidoptera Index. In O. Bánki, Y. Roskov, M. Döring, G. Ower, D. R. Hernández Robles, C. A. Plata Corredor, T. Stjernegaard Jeppesen, A. Örn, L. Vandepitte, D. Hobern, P. Schalk, R. E. DeWalt, K. Ma, J. Miller, T. Orrell, R. Aalbu, J. Abbott, R. Adlard, C. Aedo, et al., Catalogue of Life Checklist (1.1.24.106); https://doi.org/10.48580/dg4lg-49xk
[NHM-BMW] Natural History Museum
Butterflies and Moths of the World; Generic Names and their Type-species
[Oleg Kosterin] Institue of Cytology & Genetics
Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk; e-mail: Oleg Kosterin; http://pisum.bionet.nsc.ru/kosterin/
[Yutaka Inayoshi]
A Check List of Butterflies in Indo-China; Chiefly from THAILAND, LAOS & VIETNAM
[iNaturalist]
iNaturalist
[maps]
Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

Some related literature:

Chiba, Hsu, Tsukiyama, Lo, Chen & Wang, 2009
Jinhaku Sonan's skipper type collection deposited at Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) Zootaxa 2202 : 48-58
[MRS]; Chou, 1994
Monografia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium 1-2 Mon. Rhop. Sinesium : 1-854
[BMP]; Corbet & Pendlebury, 1992
The butterflies of the Malay Peninsula. Fourth Edition revised by J. N. Eliot with plates by Bernard D'Abrera Butterflies Malay Peninsula (4th edn) : 1-595, pl. 1-69
Distant, 1886
Rhopalocera Malayana: a Description of the Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula Rhopalocera Malayana : 1-481, pl. 1-27,27A,27B,28-44
Fabricius, 1775
Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus Syst. Ent. : 1-832
Fruhstorfer, 1910
Neue Hesperiden des Indo-Malayischen Faunengebietes und Besprechung verwandter Formen Dt. ent. Z. Iris 24 (3): 58 (1 March), (4): 59-74 (1 April), (5): 75-104 (1 May)
Herrich-Schäffer, 1869
Versuch einer systematischen Anordnung der Schmetterlinge CorrespBl. zool.-min. Ver. Regensburg 23 (4): 56-64, (5): 67-77, (9): 130-141, (11): 163-172, (12): 184-204
Hewitson, 1868
Illustrations of new species of exotic Butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of W. Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson Ill. exot. Butts [5] : (Systematic Index) V, (Anteros): [1-2], pl. [1] (1867), (Erycina & Necyria): [3-4], pl. [2] (1870), (Erycina Symmachia &c): [5-6], pl. [3] (1875), (Necyria & Esthemopsis): [7-8], pl. [4] (1872), (Calydna): [9-10], pl. [5] (1854), (Calydna II): [11-12], pl. [6] (1859), (Theope): [13-14], pl. [7] (1860), (Symmachia): [15-16], pl. [8] (1867), (Symmachia & Charis II): [17-18], pl. [9] (1871), (Charis): [19-20], pl. [10] (1866), (Emesis): [21-22], pl. [11] (1872), (Nymphidium I): [23-24], pl. [12] (1853), (Nymphidium II-III): [25-28], pl. [13-14] (1865), (Nymphidium IV): [29-30], pl. [15] (1871), (Lemonias I): [31-32], pl. [16] (1853), (Lemonias II): [33-34], pl. [17] (1858), (Lemonias III-IV): [35-38], pl. [18-19] (1863), (Lemonias V): [39-40], pl. [20] (1872), (Lemonias & Baeotis): [41-42], pl. [21] (1875), (Lemonias & Baeotis): [43-44], pl. [22] (1874), (Pachythone & Cremna): [45-46], pl. [23] (1873), (Hades, Uraneis, &c): [47-48], pl. [24] (1870), (Limnas I-II): [49-52], pl. [25-26] (1853), (Limnas & Panara): [53-54], pl. [27] (1875), (Limnas &c): [55-56], pl. [28] (1876), (Limnas & Ithomeis): [57-58], pl. [29] (1870), (Chamaelimnas & Ithomiola): [59-60], pl. [30] (1871), (Hermathena &c): [61-62], pl. [31] (1875), (Ogyris): [63-64], pl. [32] (1853), (Pentila & Liptena): [65-66], pl. [33] (1866), (Pentila & Liptena II): [67-68], pl. [34] (1873), (Lycaena): [69-70], pl. [35] (1876), (Pyrrhopyga I-II): [71-74], pl. [36-37] (1857), (Pyrrhopyga): [75-76], pl. [38] (1869), (Pyrrhopyga II-III): [77-80], pl. [39-40] (1871), (Pyrrhopyga IV): [81-82], pl. [41] (1873), (Pyrrhopyga V & Erycides): [83-84], pl. [42] (1875), (Ismene I-II): [85-88], pl. [43-44] (1867), (Eudamus): [89-90], pl. [45] (1873), (Eudamus II-III): [91-94], pl. [46-47] (1875), (Chaetocneme): [95-96], pl. [48] (1874), (Hesperia I-II): [97-100], pl. [49-50] (1867), (Hesperia III): [101-102], pl. [51] (1868), (Hesperia IV): [103-104], pl. [52] (1869), (Hesperia V): [105-106], pl. [53] (1872), (Hesperia V*-VI): [107-110], pl. [54-55] (1873), (Hesperia VII): [111-112], pl. [56] (1876), (Leucochitonea): [113-114], pl. [57] (1869), (Leucochitonea II): [115-116], pl. [58] (1875), (Pterygospidea): [117-118], pl. [59] (1873), (Cyclopides): [119-120], pl. [60] (1874), (Cyclopides & Hesperilla): [121-122], pl. [61] (1874)
Inoue & Kawazoe, 1970
Hesperiid butterflies from South Vietnam (5) Tyô to Ga 21 (1/2): 1-14
[BOW]; Lewis, 1974
Butterflies of the World
Martin, 1895
Einige neue Tagschmetterlinge von Nordost Sumatra Einige Tagschmett. [1]: 1-7
Moore, [1858]
A Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the Hon. East-India Company in Horsfield & Moore, Cat. lep. Ins. Mus. East India Coy 1: : 1-278, pl. 1-12,1a,2a,3a,4a,5a,6a
Moore, [1866]
On the Lepidopterous Insects of Bengal Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1865 (3) : 755-823, pl. 41-43
Moore, 1878
Descriptions of new Asiatic Hesperidae Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (3) : 686-695, pl. 45
Moore, [1881]
The Lepidoptera of Ceylon Lepid. Ceylon 1 (1): 1-40, pl. 1-18 (Dec 1880), (2): 41-80, pl. 19-36 (Jan 1881), (3): 81-136, pl. 37-54 (Jun 1881), (4): 137-190, pl. 55-71 (Dec 1881)
Piepers & Snellen, 1910
The Rhopalocera of Java. Hesperidae Rhop. Java [2] : 1-60, pl. 5-10
Sonan, 1930
Soe Butterflies from Hainan Island Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 20 (106) : 31-37
Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003
The butterflies of Sulawesi: annotated checklist for a critical island faunda Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 3-268, pl. 1-16
Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881
List of Diurnal Lepidoptera from Port Blair, Andaman Islands J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 49 Pt.II (4) : 223-243, pl. 13
Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881
Second List of Rhopalocerous Lepidoptera from Port Blair, Andaman Islands, with Descriptions of and Notes on new and little-known Species and Varieties J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 50 Pt.II (4) : 243-262, pl. 4, 14

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