Path: uflorida!simulation From: simulation@uflorida.cis.ufl.edu (Moderator: Paul Fishwick) Subject: SIMULATION DIGEST V32 N1 Newsgroups: comp.simulation Reply-To: simulation@uflorida.cis.ufl.edu Sender: fishwick@uflorida.cis.ufl.edu Approved: fishwick@uflorida.cis.ufl.edu Distribution: world Volume: 32, Issue: 1, Tue Mar 16 20:48:02 EST 1993 +----------------+ | TODAY'S TOPICS | +----------------+ [GENERAL INFORMATION] Satellite Communication Systems [NEW QUESTIONS] Fire Simulation Packages [SOFTWARE] Random Number Generator SPICE Circuit Simulator for MS Windows [CALL FOR PAPERS/PARTICIPATION] Object Oriented Simulation Simulation and Hardware Description Languages Simulation in Engineering Education [DEPARTMENTS] Simulation in the Service of Society * Moderator: Paul Fishwick, Univ. of Florida * Send topical mail to: simulation@bikini.cis.ufl.edu OR post to comp.simulation via USENET * Archives available via FTP to bikini.cis.ufl.edu (128.227.224.1). Login as 'anonymous', use your e-mail address as the password, change directory to pub/simdigest. Do 'binary' before any file transfers. * Simulation Tools available by doing above and changing the directory to pub/simdigest/tools. * Gopher link, containing digest and software archives, is available at gopher.cis.ufl.edu. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: [GENERAL INFORMATION] ------------------------------ From: Nikolay N.Vazhenin Subject: Suggestions for the scientific cooperation in the computer simulation of SCS. Date: Fri, 12 Mar 93 12:09:50 +0300 MOSCOW AVIATION INSTITUTE  Educational and Dealer Centre "Inter-MAI" EDC "Inter-MAI", MAI, Tel.:+7 (095) 158-49-56 4, Volokolamskoe sh., +7 (095) 158-40-11 Moscow, 124871, Russia Fax/tel.:+7 (095) 158-89-50 Telex: 411746, SOKOL SU E-mail Relcom: vna@intermai.mainet.msk.su   S U G G E S T I O N S for the scientific and technical cooperation in the computer simulations of satellite communication systems based on low orbital satellites Common situation in this sphere In our time typycal Satellite Communications Systems (SCS) are based on the basis of geostationary communications satellites. But this systems have some serious lacks, such as: relatively high cost and insufficient reliability of data transmission; which is connected with limited reliability of on-board radio systems. That's why it is actual to find and research alternative variants of designing SCS, which will not be so expensive but more simple and reliable. The perspective way to solve aforesaid problems is to design SCS on the basis of small low orbital Earth satellite network, which will provide the global character of communication and will potentially possess high reliability because of structure plentity of this network. Such systems are especially effective in the case of communication with abonents, who are situated in difficult accessible regions with a poor information infrastructure (Asia, Africa, Latin America) so far as they allow to realize abonent's terminals in mobile and portable variants with minimum diameter of antenna systems. Such SCS may be found irreplaceable during solving the problems of notification about disasters and securing it's liquidation; communication with small ships and airplanes. The economic efficiency of such SCS is mainly be conditioned by using , as a retranslator, small, and super small in perspective, Earth satellites. It putting into orbit may be carried out with the help of one or some spaceship carrier. Considering SCS have one peculiarity. It is, that they relate to the network with dynamically variable topology. Analytic techniques of research such networks are elaborate very insufficiently. That's why computer simulation must be considered as main technique of research the satellite radio nets with dynamically variable topology. The main directions of investigation and expected results We propose following main directions for our cooperative investigations and elaboration: - 2 - - elaboration of the principles of construction, architecture, mathematic models and simulation algorithms for the multi hope satellite radio nets with dynamically variable topology; - elaboration of the program complex and linguistic means for simulation of multi hope satellite radio nets with dynamically variable topology; - investigation of probability-time characteristics of data delivery for the satellite radio nets with dynamically variable topology; - investigation of efficiency of using self organization technique during the data streams control in the satellite radio nets with dynamically variable topology. We expect following main results: - suggestions for the principles of construction, archi- tecture and configuration of the network's space segment; - estimations of probability-time characteristics of data delivery in the network, taking into consideration global character of function; - program complex and linguistic environment for simula- tion of multi hope satellite radio nets with dynamically variable topology; - network's data streams controlling algorithms using techniques of self-organization and artificial intellect. Supervisor of studies - Leading research scientist, Associate of prof. Dr. Nickolay A. Vazhenin. Respectfully yours, Head of the EDC "Inter-MAI" Dr. Sergey B. Konstantinov ------------------------------ Subject: [NEW QUESTIONS] ------------------------------ From: lisa@cs.curtin.edu.au (Lisa Buckleton) Subject: Wanted : HARVARD V or FIRST Summary: WANTED : info re HARVARD V or FIRST Date: Mon, 15 Mar 1993 08:25:22 GMT I am trying to obtain info regarding either HARVARD V or FIRST, both of which are fire simulation packages. If anyone can give me some clues as to who to contact, I would be very grateful. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Lisa Buckleton (Mon only) (Tue-Fri) Curtin University W.A. Fire Brigades Board Snail Mail G.P.O. Box U1987 G.P.O. Box P1174 Perth, W.A. 6001 Perth, W.A. 6844 Email : lisa@cs.curtin.edu.au lisab@wafire.DIALix.oz.au Fax : (09) 351-2819 (09) 221-1935 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- " I don't have a clever saying yet, but I'm working on it... " ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ Subject: [SOFTWARE] ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 15 Mar 93 17:22:58 EST From: fisherj@ists.engr.ucf.edu (Joe Fisher) To: fishwick@fish.cis.ufl.edu Subject: Post to comp.simulation INTRODUCING A FREEWARE RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR A C++ random number generator based on the Prime Modulus Multiplicative Congruential Generator has been developed. The 18 C++ classes generate variates from the: Bernoulli, Beta, Binomial, ChiSquare, DiscreteUniform, Erlang, Exponential, Gamma, Geometric, LogNormal, NegBinomial, Normal, Poisson, Triangular, Uniform, Weibull, F, and T distributions. The C++ classes are well documented( directly in the code ) and should prove useful to students, professors, scientists, and others involved in using random numbers. The author hopes that other programmers and engineers would contribute simulation constructs. You may find 'RandNumGen.zip' on bikini in pub/simdigest/tools. [ED: It can also be obtained through Gopher -PAF] Enjoy! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Joseph A. Fisher *************************** Institute for Simulation and Training * * University of Central Florida * SIMULATE * 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 300 * * Orlando, FL. 32826 * EVERYTHING * * * (407) 658-5051 * * Internet: fisherj@ists.engr.ucf.edu *************************** ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 12 Mar 93 13:26:14+050 From: John Bastian (Johnny) To: simulation@bikini.cis.ufl.edu Subject: SPICE on Windows Hello! The SPICE circuit simulator for MS Windows 3.1 ( and NT) is available via anonymous ftp from wuarchive.wustl.edu. Chdir to /pub . Could anyone tell me which files are required for Windows 3.1 . Thanks in advance. - Johnny John Bastian CAD(VLSI)Group Microelecronics and Computers Division Indian Telephone Industries Ltd. Bangalore 560016 INDIA Email: johnny@itibang.ernet.in Ph: (91)-(812)-511211 extn 3676 ------------------------------ Subject: [CALL FOR PAPERS/PARTICIPATION] ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 12 Mar 93 01:03:04 GMT From: stockton@Sdsc.Edu Subject: Object Oriented Simulation 94 CFP To: simulation@bikini.cis.ufl.edu X-St-Vmsmail-To: ST%"simulation@uflorida.cis.ufl.edu" ********************************************************************** ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALL FOR PAPERS 1994 Object-Oriented Simulation Conference (OOSC '94) part of the 1994 Western Multiconference on Computer Simulation January 24-26, 1994 The Radisson Hotel * Tempe, Arizona Sponsored by Society for Computer Simulation The 1994 Object Oriented Simulation Conference of the 1994 WMC will be a discussion and presentation of research papers in all aspects of the application of object-oriented technology to simulation modeling and analysis. Past OOS Conferences provided a mechanism by which researchers in the field have the ability to interact in a relaxed and productive atmosphere. Papers and proposals for panel sessions or tutorials related to Object-Oriented Simulation are invited. The following sessions and topics have been tentatively planned, but are not limited to: *Experiences in object-oriented simulation education *Object-oriented knowledge based simulation *Object-oriented manufacturing simulation *Object-oriented circuit and electromagnetic simulation *Object-oriented neural network, g-network, and Petri net modeling *Object-oriented Bond graph modeling *Parallel simulation architectures utilizing object-oriented constructs *Distributed simulation utilizing object-oriented constructs *Simulation with ModSim *Object-oriented simulation in civil-engineering *Object-oriented environmental modeling and simulation *Military modeling and simulation Papers must contain original contributions. Panel or tutorial proposals relevant to object-oriented simulation are invited. The following panels are tentatively scheduled: *Object-oriented simulation education *Object-oriented simulation and the Department of Defense Deadlines: June 15, 1993Submissions of abstracts July 1, 1993Notification of initial acceptance August 1, 1993Full papers due (five copies) September 1, 1992Notification of final, full paper acceptance September 30, 1992Camera ready copies due at SCS (six 2 column pages) Abstracts and full papers should be sent to any of the conference co-chairmen. Abstracts will be reviewed by the chairmen and program committee members. Upon completion of review, suggestions for improvements will be communicated to the principal author. Submissions with a cover letter stating the name, affiliation, address, phone number, and e-mail address of the primary author should be sent to one of the following conference co-chairmen. Charles Herring or Jeffrey Wallace U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories P.O. Box 9005 Champaign, IL 61826-9005 Phone: (217) 352-6511 Ext. 260 or 233 Fax: (217) 373-6724 e-mail: herring@osiris.cso.uiuc.edu wallace@osiris.cso.uiuc.edu Terrence Beaumariage or Chell Roberts Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, ECG 303 Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287-5906 Phone: (602) 965-3193 (Beaumariage) (602) 965-2567 (Roberts) Fax: (602) 965-8692 e-mail: attgb@asuacad.bitnet (Beaumariage) atcqr@asuacad.bitnet (Roberts) Program Committee: Homa Atabaksh National Research Council Canada Ron Belanger CACI Products Co. Muhlin Chen University of Nebraska-Lincoln Raimund K. Ege Florida International University Thomas Hall Loral Space and Range Systems Donald Hoge USA-AMSAA, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD Harold Jones USA-TRAC, Fort Leavenworth, KS Patricia Jones University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Vijay Karmacheti University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Liang Liu University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign James Westervelt USA-CERL, Champaign, IL ******************************************************************* ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 12 Mar 93 01:05:14 GMT From: stockton@Sdsc.Edu Subject: Hardward Description Languages '94 CFP To: simulation@bikini.cis.ufl.edu X-St-Vmsmail-To: ST%"simulation@uflorida.cis.ufl.edu" PRELIMINARY CALL FOR PAPERS International Conference on Simulation and Hardware Description Languages (ICSHDL) January 24-26, 1994 * Tempe, Arizona Radisson Tempe Hotel In conjunction with the 1994 Western Simulation Multiconference sponsored by the Society for Computer Simulation The International Conference on Simulation and Hardware Descrip- tion Languages (SHDL) solicits papers containing original research contributions related to the use or integration of simulation and HDLs. The conference is specifically focused on HDLs for electronic or optical circuits and/or systems. This includes the analog, microwave, digital, and photonic/opto- electronic domains. The conference seeks a broad interpretation of the term "hardware description language" (HDL), intending to include a wide variety of notational techniques. This includes any formal notation such as: traditional HDLs, programming languages or environments, and graphical or tabular description methods. Most aspects of simulation involving HDLs are of interest, including (but not limited to): * Use of HDLs in multi-disciplinary simulation * Distributed and parallel simulation * Analog, digital, microwave or optical system simulation * Continuous, compiled, or discrete-event simulation * Integrating simulation with physical component execution * Hardware acceleration * Impact of simulator performance on description methodology * Test and verification through simulation * Simulation accuracy and validation Prospective authors are invited to submit full papers (maximum of 15 pages double spaced) describing original and previously unpublished work for review by the program committee. Four copies of the manuscript should be submitted to the Program Chair by June 15, 1993. Please include: full name, affiliation, address, phone and fax numbers, and e-mail address of each author and designate the author who is to be the contact. Authors must obtain employer, client, or governmental releases prior to submission of the final manuscript. Accepted papers will be included in the conference proceedings published by the Society for Computer Simulation, providing authors meet published deadlines, agree to present their works, and pay one registration fee per paper accepted. Accepted papers require paid registra- tion fees to be submitted with the camera-ready copy. Suggestions for panel discussions are welcomed. Proposals should include a proposed title, abstract, list of participants, and brief biography of the panel organizer(s). Submissions of panel proposals should be made by July 2, 1993 to the Program Chair for consideration and inclusion in the preliminary program of the conference. ********************************************************* Program Chair: Key Dates: Dr. David L.Rhodes 4 copies of full papers U.S. Army Research Labs Due: June 15, 1993 Electronics & Power Sources Notification of accep- Directorate (AMSRL-EP-MA) tance/rejection: Fort Monmouth, NJ 07703-5601 August 20, 1993 rhodes@monmouth-etdl1.army.mil Final Paper Due Date: (908) 532-0593 October 1, 1993 ******************************************************** For further information, contact the Program Chair or: General Chair, SHDL '94 Soc. for Computer Simulation Dr. Philip A. Wilsey P.O. Box 17900 University of Cincinnati San Diego, California 92177 (513) 556-4779 (voice) (619) 277-3888 (513) 556-7326 (fax) (619) 277-3930 phil.wilsey@uc.edu scs@sdsc.bitnet paw@ece.uc.edu ********************************************************* ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 12 Mar 93 01:07:28 GMT From: stockton@Sdsc.Edu Subject: Simulation in Engineering Education 94 CFP To: simulation@bikini.cis.ufl.edu X-St-Vmsmail-To: ST%"simulation@uflorida.cis.ufl.edu" ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALL FOR PAPERS 1994 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION January 24-27, 1994 * Radisson Hotel * Tempe, Arizona Sponsored by Society for Computer Simulation (SCS) with Cooperation Invited from American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) and IEEE Education Society ...part of the 1994 SCS Western Multiconference on Computer Simulation ************************************************************* SCOPE The 1994 ICSEE provides a forum for the exchange of ideas and experiences among educators and simulationists in all en- gineering disciplines. With this in mind, authors should submit papers that emphasize the impact of the simulation approach, the advantages gained, and the problems addressed. The aim should be to encourage and assist other educators-- not necessarily from the same disciplines--to exploit the benefits of using computer simulation in their own programs. Original papers that concentrate on the technical details of an engineering application, used in an educational context, or on the use of simulation tools in the classroom are invited. Suggestions for panel discussions and workshops are also encouraged and welcomed. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: o Simulation languages and packages in engineering education o Techniques and systems used in teaching simulation o Relationship between software packages and engineering education o Case studies applying simulation techniques for en- gineering education o Graphics and animation for engineering simulation o Realtime simulation techniques for engineers o Simulation methodologies for educating engineers o Object oriented programming languages used in engineer- ing education o Modeling and simulation research to advance engineering education o Simulation-based curricula for engineering education o Engineering applications of simulation IMPORTANT DATES JULY 31, 1993 Deadline for Program Chair to receive four (4) copies of full papers AUGUST 31, 1993 Notification of acceptance/author kits sent SEPTEMBER 30, 1993 Deadline for receipt of camera-ready copy All submissions will be reviewed. They must contain only original contributions that have not been previously reported in the literature. In addition to regular papers (about 12 pages double-spaced), the program committee may accept additional papers as short papers (about 6 pages double- spaced) or for inclusion in a poster session. Poster ab- stracts will appear in the conference proceedings. Papers judged to be of especially high quality will be forwarded for consideration by the journal SIMULATION or the Transactions of the Society for Computer Simulation. Authors of accepted papers are expected to attend the con- ference and to present their work to their peers. As a result, all papers are accepted contingent upon authors agreeing to attend the conference, transferring copyright, meeting published deadlines, and paying a conference regist- ration fee at the time of submission of their camera-ready paper. Papers will not be published if the criteria cited above is not met. Submit four (4) copies of double-spaced papers with a cover letter stating the name, address, phone, fax, and e-mail numbers of each author as well as the designated contact author to the program chair: Professor Hamid Vakilzadian Dept. of Electrical Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0511 Email: eerdvak@engvms.unl.edu Phone: (402) 472-1977 Fax: (402) 472-4732 INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM COMMITTEE Mansour Alam, University of Cincinati Kallol Bagchi, Aalborg University, Denmark John Ballard, University of Nebraska Russell R. Barton, Penn State University Hans Bjornsson, Chalmers School of Technology, Sweden Wolfgang Borutzky, Fachhochschule Koeln, Germany William L. Brogan, University of Nevada-Las Vegas Francois E. Cellier, University of Arizona Juergen Halin, ETH-Swiss Institute of Technology, Switzerland Lawrence P. Huelsman, University of Arizona Magdy F. Iskander, University of Utah Yami Iwasaki, stanford University Walter Karplus, University of California, Los Angeles Granino A. Korn, University of Arizona George K. Lea, National Science Foundation Zain Navabi, University of Tehran, Iran Don J. Nelson, University of Nebraska Tuncer Oren, University of Ottawa, Canada Arne Thesen, University of Wisconsin Mansur Samadzadeh, Oklahoma State University Rodney J. Soukup, University of Nebraska John V. Wait, University of Arizona George W. Zobrist, University of Missouri-Rolla For further information, contact: Charles E. Knadler, Gen. Chair Society for Computer IBM, Federal Sys. Div Simulation, Int'l. 9201 Corporate Boulevard P.O. Box 17900 Rockville, MD 20850 San Diego, CA 92177 Email: knadlerc@wmavm7.vnet.ibm.com scs@sdsc.bitnet Voice: (301) 640-3124 (619) 277-3888 Fax: (301) 640-4750 (619) 277-3930 ************************************************************** ------------------------------ Subject: [DEPARTMENTS] ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 14 Mar 93 14:20:56 GMT From: mcleod@Sdsc.Edu Subject: E-S3 Vol.2, No,2 The following sample issue of our electronic magazine, "E-S3", covering selected topics about computer modeling and simulation, is sent to you with the compliments of the publisher of the technical journal SIMULATION, the Society for Computer Simulation, and John and Suzette McLeod, the Editors of Simulation in the Service of Society (S3), a special section of that journal. If you do not care to receive future issues please type REPLY -- cancel. Let's not clutter up our E-mail with "Junk Mail"! __________________________________________________________________ E-S3 Vol. 2, No. 2 based on the February 1993 issue of "Simulation in the Service of Society" John McLeod, Technical Editor Suzette McLeod, Managing Editor 8484 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA 92037. E-mail: mcleod@sdsc.bitnet * S3 is a special section of SIMULATION the monthly journal of the SOCIETY for COMPUTER SIMULATION P.O.Box 17900, San Diego, CA 92177-7900 Phone: (619) 277-3888 FAX: (619) 277-3930 * [Copyright Notice: E-S3 is the electronically delivered version of "Simulation in the Service of Society" which is a special section of SIMULATION, a monthly technical journal of the Society for Computer Simulation International. It may be reproduced only for personal use or for the use of students. In any case full credit must be given to the original source of publication: SIMULATION 60:2, February 1993. All rights reserved, (c) 1993, Simulation Councils, Inc.] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- In this issue -- Brecke:Global models modified for personal computers. Richardson:E-mail from an experienced modeler. ------------------------------- Integrated Global Models That Run On Personal Computers by Peter Brecke School of International Affairs Georgia Institute of Technology ABSTRACT This article presents work the author has done to port several of the integrated global models developed in the 1970's and 1980's to widely available personal computers. The goal has been to give teachers and researchers access to these models for educational purposes. The article briefly describes each model to help a potential user decide which one(s) he or she may wish to obtain from the author. Introduction Integrated global models are computer programs that simulate the world in a very broad, comprehensive manner. Geographically, they encompass the entire world or at least a major portion of it. More importantly, they explicitly link together a number of components or aspects of our world such as economics, demographics, politics, and the environment. Because of these traits, integrated global models can be and are used as tools to help us understand processes whose effects cross national borders and whose study crosses disciplinary boundaries. Examples of these processes include technology transfer, development of countries in the South, armaments reduction, and population control. This paper describes the results of a project to make a number of integrated global models, which were originally developed on mainframe and minicomputers in the 1970's and 80's, available for use on MS-DOS, Macintosh, and Atari ST personal computers. These models are: - WORLD2 - WIM (World Integrated Model) - IFS (International Futures Simulation) - RW-3 (Regional World III) - IWM (Integrated World Model, also referred to as RW-IV) This paper also describes two other integrated global models that have been made available for personal computer use by others with the involvement of the author. They are: - GLOBUS (Generating Long-Term Options By Using Simulation) - IFs90 (1990 version of IFS) The goal of this project has been to make these models available to a broader audience than those with access to the mainframe or minicomputers these models were developed on, so that the models can and will be more widely used. It is hoped that educators will use one or more of these models to teach students the complexities of our world and the solutions to its problems. It is also hoped that researchers will use these models as a starting point for global modeling work they may do, so that they do not have to start from scratch. Future work can progress faster if modelers can build upon the considerable work already been done. It should be noted that the author does not want remuneration for these models. However, there is a small fee associated with each model to cover the costs of copying documentation and floppy disks and mailing the packages. To help any prospective educator or global modeler choose which model or models he or she may wish to use, a brief summary of each and more information about what is available for each appears below. The reader interested in more general histories and bibliographies of the models should refer to Brecke (1990). WORLD2 is the first integrated global model. It was developed in 1970 by Jay Forrester and his associates at MIT and was reported in the book, World Dynamics (Forrester, 1971). The model was originally written in the computer simulation language DYNAMO. Subsequently, M. R. Leavitt translated the model code into the BASIC language on a UNIVAC 1108 mainframe computer (Leavitt, 1973). In late 1990 I modified the BASIC code so that it would run with the BASICA or GWBASIC interpreters usually available on MS-DOS computers, the ST BASIC interpreter available on Atari ST computers, and the QUICKBASIC interpreter/compiler available on MS-DOS and Macintosh computers. WORLD2 represents the world as a single entity and makes projections to 2060. The major processes simulated in WORLD2 are pollution, food production, natural resource usage, capital investment, and population. Because the model code is interpreted (as opposed to compiled), a user can interact with and modify the model very easily. A "cross-walk" from the DYNAMO code documented in World Dynamics to the BASIC code is provided. WIM is a descendant of the Mesarovic-Pestel model that first appeared in the book, Mankind at the Turning Point (Mesarovic and Pestel, 1974). Mihajlo Mesarovic led the development of WIM. Of his many collaborators, Barry B. Hughes and Thomas F. Shook played especially important roles. The model is written in FORTRAN and consists of 49 subroutines. The version described here was referred to as the SI6 model. It was developed on a MODCOMP IV-A minicomputer and dates from early 1979. About 21,000 numbers describe the state of the global system at any given point in time. Hughes' book, World Modeling (Hughes, 1980) documents the model. Micro WIM runs on MS-DOS, Macintosh, and Atari ST computers. It should be noted that this version of WIM has been superseded by a newer model called GLOBESIGHT that is available from Professor Mesarovic in the Department of Systems Engineering at Case Western Reserve University. GLOBESIGHT has updated data and additional processes so that it can better address questions surrounding the problem of global warming. Individuals interested in obtaining GLOBESIGHT should contact Professor Mesarovic directly. WIM represents the world in 12 regions with the capability to divide one of them into subregions. A dataset to subregionalize Latin America is supplied. The 12 regions are: - North America - Japan - Western Europe - Eastern Europe - Other Advanced Western Economies - Latin America - Africa - Oil-rich Middle East - Non-oil Middle East - South Asia - Southeast Asia - China WIM is one of the most comprehensive of the integrated global models in terms of the processes it represents. They are: * Agriculture/Fisheries Production and Consumption * Energy Production and Consumption * Macroeconomics * Natural Resource Usage * Population * Trade * Capital Investment * Foreign Aid * Carbon Dioxide Emissions Micro WIM possesses an extensive command language to facilitate interactive use. The syntax can appear formidable, but a supplied command summary teaches the user the most often-used basics, and a set of command documents describe the intricacies for those who wish to learn them. IFS and IFs90 After working on WIM, Barry Hughes developed a new model that combined aspects of WIM with that of other models such as the SARUM and WIOM integrated global models. Like WIM, IFS is written in FORTRAN. The version of IFS described here was developed on a HARRIS minicomputer, consists of 21 subroutines, and is from 1980-81. Micro IFS runs on MS-DOS, Macintosh, and Atari ST computers. In the mid-1980's, Hughes and his students converted the FORTRAN code to BASIC, simplified the model, and got IFS to run on Apple III and MS-DOS computers. This model, the first integrated global model to run on a personal computer, was (also) called Micro-IFs (but notice the two small spelling differences.) In 1990-92 Hughes significantly reworked Micro-IFs and expanded it back to its original size to produce IFs90. Hughes and his assistants have also given IFs90 a user interface markedly superior to that of the decade-older IFS. IFs90 is written in Microsoft BASIC, runs on MS-DOS computers, and is in the beta test stage. Those interested in using IFs90 should contact Professor Hughes at the Graduate School of International Studies at the University of Denver. The author currently plans to port IFs90 to the Macintosh using Microsoft QUICKBASIC. IFS represents 10 regions: - Western Europe - Rest of Developed Countries - Eastern Europe - USSR - Latin America - Africa - OPEC countries - South and Southeast Asia - China IFS is also relatively comprehensive in scope. Processes represented in IFS include: * Agricultural Production and Consumption * Energy Production and Consumption * Macroeconomics * Population * Trade * Capital Investment * Foreign Aid * Government Expenditures * Carbon Dioxide Emissions * Physical Quality of Life * Land Usage IFs90 includes representations of: * Social mobilization * Military power * Arms races between nations or alliances * The possibility of arms races leading to war Like WIM, a user operates IFS through a command language. The language is simpler to use than WIM's, however. A command summary that instructs the user how to use Micro IFS is supplied. More extensive documentation can be found in two manuals (Hughes, 1982a and Hughes, 1982b). RW-3 RW-3 was developed in the mid-1970's by Fred Kile and Arnold Rabehl at the Aid Association for Lutherans in Wisconsin. It was a stepping stone to their much more advanced Integrated World Model. RW-3 is written in FORTRAN and consists of a very large core program that calls four much smaller subroutines. RW-3 has a minimal user interface, but the consolidation of code in essentially one place and the fairly simple model structure help an interested user to transition from the simple WORLD2 type of model to the much more complicated models like WIM or GLOBUS. RW-3 was developed on an IBM 370/18 mainframe. It now runs on MS-DOS, Macintosh, and Atari ST computers. RW-3 represents 26 countries/country groupings: - United Kingdom - South Asia - Germany - USSR & Outer Mongolia - Brazil - China & North Korea - France - Japan - Indonesia - Bangladesh - Pakistan & Afghanistan - Nigeria - Southeast Asia - Sub-Saharan Africa - Middle East - Latin America - Eastern Europe - Western Europe - Australia & New Zealand - Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia - Philippines, S. Korea - Turkey - Iran - South Africa & Zimbabwe RW-3 represents fewer processes than WIM or IFS. However, it models a number of significant processes: * Food Production and Consumption * Technological Advance * Macroeconomics * Energy Production and Consumption * Natural Resource Production and Consumption * Trade * Population * Food Aid RW-3 is supplied with instructions on operation and a list of model variables so that a user can interpret the output and modify model input. Descriptions of RW-3 can be found in two papers (Kile and Rabehl, 1977a and Kile and Rabehl, 1977b). IWM (or RW-IV) IWM is a dramatic scale-up and extension of RW-3. Kile and Rabehl both expanded the model substantively--including the introduction of a "VALUES" submodel--and gave it a powerful but easy-to-use interface. Like RW-3, IWM was developed in FORTRAN on an IBM 370/18 mainframe. About 49,000 numbers describe the state of the global system at any given point in time. Work on IWM ended in 1980. Micro IWM runs on MS-DOS, Macintosh, and Atari ST computers. The entire package consists of 84 subroutines that comprise 4 overlapping programs. Two are slightly different versions of IWM that a user operates in different modes: interactive or non- interactive. The third is a program for independently viewing plots of model results, and the fourth is a program for editing the IWM datafiles. IWM represents 24 countries/country groupings (it has room for 30 but data on 6 of the regions were not gathered): - United States - Canada - United Kingdom - India - W. Germany - USSR - Brazil - China & North Korea - France - Japan - Indonesia - Bangladesh - Pakistan - Nigeria - Western Europe - Sahel - Middle East - Latin America - Australia & New Zealand - Mexico - North Africa - Turkey - Iran - South Africa & Zimbabwe IWM represents a slightly different set of processes than RW-3. It models: * Food Production and Consumption * Government Expenditures * Macroeconomics * Energy Production and Consumption * Natural Resource Production and Consumption * Trade * Population and Labor Force Development * Foreign Aid * Values (being upheld or achieved in terms of indicators of a population's well-being) The Micro IWM user interface is quite easy to operate because almost all interaction is through the user selecting items from menus. One does not need to know a command language as with Micro WIM or Micro IFS. A list of model variables is supplied. Descriptions of IWM can be found in two papers (Kile and Rabehl, 1977c and Kile and Rabehl, 1980). GLOBUS GLOBUS is the first attempt to include political processes in an integrated global model. It was developed in the mid-1980's at the Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin fuer Sozialforschung (Science Center Berlin for Social Research) by a team led by Stuart Bremer (and consisting of Barry Hughes and the author, among others.) Like most of the integrated global models constructed thus far, GLOBUS is written in FORTRAN. It consists of 63 subroutines and has about 62,000 numbers describing the global system at any given point in time. GLOBUS first operated on Control Data Cyber 170/8xx and 17 mainframes. Development work was also done on Cray 1-M and X/MP-48 supercomputers. Part of the GLOBUS development team ported the model to run on MS-DOS computers and created a number of additional programs to ease operation and aid analysis of results. This set of programs, completed in 1988, became the Micro GLOBUS package, which is available from: Edition Sigma Mittenwalder Str. 48 D 1000 Berlin 61 Germany for $12. Since this work was done in the 1986-88 time frame, the programs have a much more modern look and feel to them than the other models described here except IFs90. The book, The GLOBUS Model (Bremer, ed., 1987), documents the model while the manual that accompanies the package (Bremer and Gruhn, 1988) thoroughly explains its operation. A colleague in the Netherlands, Wil Groenen, ported the Micro GLOBUS package to Atari ST computers. Interested individuals should contact the author if they wish to obtain that package. GLOBUS represents 2 countries and a Rest of World entity: - Argentina - Japan - Brazil - Mexico - Canada - Nigeria - China - Pakistan - Czechoslovakia - Poland - Egypt - Saudi Arabia - France - South Africa - Fed. Rep. of Germany - Soviet Union - German Dem. Republic - Turkey - India - United Kingdom - Indonesia - United States - Iran - Venezuela - Italy GLOBUS focuses on political-economic processes, in particular: * Domestic Economics * Domestic Politics * Government Budget Allocation * International Economics * International Politics * Demographics A project is underway to expand GLOBUS to 33 countries, to update its data from 1970 to 1990 values, and to dramatically modernize its user interface (namely, make it a Microsoft Windows program). Hopefully, this new version of the model will be available before long. SUMMARY This paper describes the fruits of a project to make integrated global models available at minimal cost to educators and researchers. This was done by this author's modifying the original code of these models so that they will run on widely available personal computers. Individuals interested in obtaining the models should contact the author. References Brecke, Peter, "A Bibliographical Report on Six Contemporary Global Models," in H. Chestnut, P. Kopacek, and T. Vamos, eds., International Conflict Resolution Using System Engineering: Proceedings of the IFAC Workshop, Budapest, Hungary, June 1989, IFAC Workshop Series, 1990, Number 1, Oxford: Pergamon, 1990, pp. 93-112. Bremer, Stuart A., ed., The GLOBUS Model: Computer Simulation of Worldwide Political and Economic Developments. Frankfurt-am-Main: Campus Verlag and Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1987. Bremer, Stuart A., and Walter L. Gruhn, Micro GLOBUS: A Computer Model of Long-Term Global Political and Economic Processes. Berlin: Edition Sigma, 1988. Forrester, Jay, World Dynamics. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Wright- Allen, 1971. Hughes, Barry B., World Modeling: The Mesarovic-Pestel World Model in the Context of Its Contemporaries. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books, 1980. Hughes, Barry B., International Futures Simulation User's Manual. Iowa City, Iowa: Conduit, 1982(a). Hughes, Barry B., International Futures Simulation Technical Manual. Iowa City, Iowa: Conduit, 1982(b). Kile, Frederick and Arnold Rabehl, "A Value-Driven, Regionalized World Model," Proceedings of the Fifth Global Modeling Conference. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria, September 1977(a). Kile, Frederick, and Arnold Rabehl, "Evolution of an Integrated Modeling Approach," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-7, No. 12, December 1977(b), pp. 89-863. Kile, Frederick and Arnold Rabehl, "Regional World IV - A Modularized Policy Tool," Proceedings of the 1977 International Conference on Cybernetics and Society. Washington, DC, September 1977(c), pp. 131-134. Kile, Frederick, and Arnold Rabehl, "Structure and Use of the Integrated World Model," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 17, 1980, pp. 73-87. Leavitt, M. R., "User's Guide to BASIC/WORLD2," unpublished paper, University of Wisconsin-Madison, unknown date but probably 1973 or 1974. Mesarovic, Mihajlo, and Eduard Pestel, Mankind at the Turning Point. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1974. E-Mail From an Experienced Modeler Dear John: One of the most valuable lessons I have learned from my occasional forays into popularization is the importance of taking a few simple ideas and communicating them powerfully over and over again. One of the most powerful messages available on the environment now is found in the 20-year update of The Limits to Growth, called Beyond the Limits (Chelsea Green Press, 1992). The fact that the earlier model required very few changes to "track" with the events of the last 20 years was a remarkable result. Yet the book has received relatively little attention. World III remains one of the most elegant and best documented simulations on Global Level population, resources and environment issues. Another powerful communication device is the simulation game FISHBANKS developed by Dennis Meadows at the Institute for Social Science Policy Research, University of New Hampshire. I have played the game with numerous groups of students, and Dennis has, of course, played it all over the world. It never fails to have a powerful impact. My paper "Messages from Global Models About an Interdependent World" which evolved from the summary pages of Groping in the Dark: The First Decade of Global Modeling, still has a surprisingly durable message. I gave a version of the paper again a summer ago to a symposium and then to the ISAGA conference in Japan. The comparison between the messages from the global models and from "our current model" always has a powerful impact. We need new simulations, to be sure. (That is what simulators love to do.) However, the greatest impact will probably come from communicating what we already know powerfully, clearly and repetitively. John M. Richardson, Jr. Professor of International Affairs and Applied Systems Analysis The American University Washington, DC 20016 ------------------------------ END OF SIMULATION DIGEST ************************