Author: Daniel Lüdecke
Date: 2021-01-10

# Summary of Regression Models as HTML Table

#### Daniel Lüdecke

#### 2021-01-10

`tab_model()` is the pendant to `plot_model()`, however, instead of creating plots, `tab_model()` creates HTML-tables that will be displayed either in your IDE’s viewer-pane, in a web browser or in a knitr-markdown-document (like this vignette).

HTML is the only output-format, you can’t (directly) create a LaTex or PDF output from `tab_model()` and related table-functions. However, it is possible to easily export the tables into Microsoft Word or Libre Office Writer.

This vignette shows how to create table from regression models with `tab_model()`. There’s a dedicated vignette that demonstrate how to change the table layout and appearance with CSS.

Note! Due to the custom CSS, the layout of the table inside a knitr-document differs from the output in the viewer-pane and web browser!

    # load package
    library(sjPlot)
    library(sjmisc)
    library(sjlabelled)

    # sample data
    data("efc")
    efc <- as_factor(efc, c161sex, c172code)

## A simple HTML table from regression results

First, we fit two linear models to demonstrate the `tab_model()`-function.

    m1 <- lm(barthtot ~ c160age + c12hour + c161sex + c172code, data = efc)
    m2 <- lm(neg_c_7 ~ c160age + c12hour + c161sex + e17age, data = efc)

The simplest way of producing the table output is by passing the fitted model as parameter. By default, estimates, confidence intervals (CI) and p-values (p) are reported. As summary, the numbers of observations as well as the R-squared values are shown.

    tab_model(m1)

| Total score BARTHEL INDEX
--- | ---
Predictors | Estimates | CI | p
(Intercept) | 87.15 | 77.96 – 96.34 | <0.001
carer’age | -0.21 | -0.35 – -0.07 | 0.004
average number of hours of care per week | -0.28 | -0.32 – -0.24 | <0.001
carer’s gender: Female | -0.39 | -4.49 – 3.71 | 0.850
carer’s level of education: intermediate level of education | 1.37 | -3.12 – 5.85 | 0.550
carer’s level of education: high level of education | -1.64 | -7.22 – 3.93 | 0.564
Observations | 821
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.271 / 0.266

## Automatic labelling

As the sjPlot-packages features labelled data, the coefficients in the table are already labelled in this example. The name of the dependent variable(s) is used as main column header for each model. For non-labelled data, the coefficient names are shown.

    data(mtcars)
    m.mtcars <- lm(mpg ~ cyl + hp + wt, data = mtcars)
    tab_model(m.mtcars)

| mpg
--- | ---
Predictors | Estimates | CI | p
(Intercept) | 38.75 | 35.09 – 42.41 | <0.001
cyl | -0.94 | -2.07 – 0.19 | 0.098
hp | -0.02 | -0.04 – 0.01 | 0.140
wt | -3.17 | -4.68 – -1.65 | <0.001
Observations | 32
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.843 / 0.826

If factors are involved and `auto.label = TRUE`, “pretty” parameters names are used (see `format_parameters()`.

    set.seed(2)
    dat <- data.frame(
      y = runif(100, 0, 100),
      drug = as.factor(sample(c("nonsense", "useful", "placebo"), 100, TRUE)),
      group = as.factor(sample(c("control", "treatment"), 100, TRUE))
    )

    pretty_names <- lm(y ~ drug * group, data = dat)
    tab_model(pretty_names)

| y
--- | ---
Predictors | Estimates | CI | p
(Intercept) | 66.84 | 52.97 – 80.71 | <0.001
drug [placebo] | -7.18 | -28.25 – 13.89 | 0.500
drug [useful] | -30.95 | -53.08 – -8.82 | 0.007
group [treatment] | -21.66 | -40.13 – -3.19 | 0.022
drug [placebo] * group [treatment] | 4.15 | -23.68 – 31.98 | 0.768
drug [useful] * group [treatment] | 30.85 | 2.38 – 59.33 | 0.034
Observations | 100
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.116 / 0.069

### Turn off automatic labelling

To turn off automatic labelling, use `auto.label = FALSE`, or provide an empty character vector for `pred.labels` and `dv.labels`.

    tab_model(m1, auto.label = FALSE)

| barthtot
--- | ---
Predictors | Estimates | CI | p
(Intercept) | 87.15 | 77.96 – 96.34 | <0.001
c160age | -0.21 | -0.35 – -0.07 | 0.004
c12hour | -0.28 | -0.32 – -0.24 | <0.001
c161sex2 | -0.39 | -4.49 – 3.71 | 0.850
c172code2 | 1.37 | -3.12 – 5.85 | 0.550
c172code3 | -1.64 | -7.22 – 3.93 | 0.564
Observations | 821
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.271 / 0.266

Same for models with non-labelled data and factors.

    tab_model(pretty_names, auto.label = FALSE)

| y
--- | ---
Predictors | Estimates | CI | p
(Intercept) | 66.84 | 52.97 – 80.71 | <0.001
drugplacebo | -7.18 | -28.25 – 13.89 | 0.500
druguseful | -30.95 | -53.08 – -8.82 | 0.007
grouptreatment | -21.66 | -40.13 – -3.19 | 0.022
drugplacebo:grouptreatment | 4.15 | -23.68 – 31.98 | 0.768
druguseful:grouptreatment | 30.85 | 2.38 – 59.33 | 0.034
Observations | 100
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.116 / 0.069

## More than one model

`tab_model()` can print multiple models at once, which are then printed side-by-side. Identical coefficients are matched in a row.

    tab_model(m1, m2)

| Total score BARTHEL INDEX | Negative impact with 7 items
--- | --- | ---
Predictors | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p
(Intercept) | 87.15 | 77.96 – 96.34 | <0.001 | 9.83 | 7.33 – 12.33 | <0.001
carer’age | -0.21 | -0.35 – -0.07 | 0.004 | 0.01 | -0.01 – 0.03 | 0.359
average number of hours of care per week | -0.28 | -0.32 – -0.24 | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.01 – 0.02 | <0.001
carer’s gender: Female | -0.39 | -4.49 – 3.71 | 0.850 | 0.43 | -0.15 – 1.01 | 0.147
carer’s level of education: intermediate level of education | 1.37 | -3.12 – 5.85 | 0.550 |  |  |
carer’s level of education: high level of education | -1.64 | -7.22 – 3.93 | 0.564 |  |  |
elder’age |  |  |  | 0.01 | -0.03 – 0.04 | 0.741
Observations | 821 | 879
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.271 / 0.266 | 0.067 / 0.063

## Generalized linear models

For generalized linear models, the ouput is slightly adapted. Instead of Estimates, the column is named Odds Ratios, Incidence Rate Ratios etc., depending on the model. The coefficients are in this case automatically converted (exponentiated). Furthermore, pseudo R-squared statistics are shown in the summary.

    m3 <- glm(
      tot_sc_e ~ c160age + c12hour + c161sex + c172code,
      data = efc,
      family = poisson(link = "log")
    )

    efc$neg_c_7d <- ifelse(efc$neg_c_7 < median(efc$neg_c_7, na.rm = TRUE), 0, 1)
    m4 <- glm(
      neg_c_7d ~ c161sex + barthtot + c172code,
      data = efc,
      family = binomial(link = "logit")
    )

    tab_model(m3, m4)

| Services for elderly | neg c 7 d
--- | --- | ---
Predictors | Incidence Rate Ratios | CI | p | Odds Ratios | CI | p
(Intercept) | 0.30 | 0.21 – 0.45 | <0.001 | 6.54 | 3.66 – 11.96 | <0.001
carer’age | 1.01 | 1.01 – 1.02 | <0.001 |  |  |
average number of hours of care per week | 1.00 | 1.00 – 1.00 | <0.001 |  |  |
carer’s gender: Female | 1.01 | 0.87 – 1.19 | 0.867 | 1.87 | 1.31 – 2.69 | 0.001
carer’s level of education: intermediate level of education | 1.47 | 1.21 – 1.79 | <0.001 | 1.23 | 0.84 – 1.82 | 0.288
carer’s level of education: high level of education | 1.90 | 1.52 – 2.38 | <0.001 | 1.37 | 0.84 – 2.23 | 0.204
Total score BARTHEL INDEX |  |  |  | 0.97 | 0.96 – 0.97 | <0.001
Observations | 840 | 815
R2 Nagelkerke | 0.106 | 0.191

### Untransformed estimates on the linear scale

To plot the estimates on the linear scale, use `transform = NULL`.

    tab_model(m3, m4, transform = NULL, auto.label = FALSE)

| tot_sc_e | neg_c_7d
--- | --- | ---
Predictors | Log-Mean | CI | p | Log-Odds | CI | p
(Intercept) | -1.19 | -1.58 – -0.80 | <0.001 | 1.88 | 1.30 – 2.48 | <0.001
c160age | 0.01 | 0.01 – 0.02 | <0.001 |  |  |
c12hour | 0.00 | 0.00 – 0.00 | <0.001 |  |  |
c161sex2 | 0.01 | -0.15 – 0.18 | 0.867 | 0.63 | 0.27 – 0.99 | 0.001
c172code2 | 0.39 | 0.19 – 0.58 | <0.001 | 0.21 | -0.18 – 0.60 | 0.288
c172code3 | 0.64 | 0.42 – 0.87 | <0.001 | 0.31 | -0.17 – 0.80 | 0.204
barthtot |  |  |  | -0.03 | -0.04 – -0.03 | <0.001
Observations | 840 | 815
R2 Nagelkerke | 0.106 | 0.191

## More complex models

Other models, like hurdle- or zero-inflated models, also work with `tab_model()`. In this case, the zero inflation model is indicated in the table. Use `show.zeroinf = FALSE` to hide this part from the table.

    library(pscl)
    data("bioChemists")
    m5 <- zeroinfl(art ~ fem + mar + kid5 + ment | kid5 + phd + ment, data = bioChemists)

    tab_model(m5)

| art
--- | ---
Predictors | Incidence Rate Ratios | CI | p
Count Model
(Intercept) | 1.83 | 1.61 – 2.10 | <0.001
fem [Women] | 0.80 | 0.72 – 0.90 | <0.001
mar [Married] | 1.14 | 1.01 – 1.30 | 0.041
kid5 | 0.86 | 0.78 – 0.94 | 0.001
ment | 1.02 | 1.01 – 1.02 | <0.001
Zero-Inflated Model
(Intercept) | 0.45 | 0.20 – 1.01 | 0.054
kid5 | 1.12 | 0.79 – 1.58 | 0.531
phd | 1.02 | 0.78 – 1.33 | 0.881
ment | 0.88 | 0.81 – 0.95 | 0.002
Observations | 915
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.230 / 0.226

You can combine any model in one table.

    tab_model(m1, m3, m5, auto.label = FALSE, show.ci = FALSE)

| barthtot | tot_sc_e | art
--- | --- | --- | ---
Predictors | Estimates | p | Incidence Rate Ratios | p | Incidence Rate Ratios | p
(Intercept) | 87.15 | <0.001 | 0.30 | <0.001 |  |
c160age | -0.21 | 0.004 | 1.01 | <0.001 |  |
c12hour | -0.28 | <0.001 | 1.00 | <0.001 |  |
c161sex2 | -0.39 | 0.850 | 1.01 | 0.867 |  |
c172code2 | 1.37 | 0.550 | 1.47 | <0.001 |  |
c172code3 | -1.64 | 0.564 | 1.90 | <0.001 |  |
count_(Intercept) |  |  |  |  | 1.83 | <0.001
count_femWomen |  |  |  |  | 0.80 | <0.001
count_marMarried |  |  |  |  | 1.14 | 0.041
count_kid5 |  |  |  |  | 0.86 | 0.001
count_ment |  |  |  |  | 1.02 | <0.001
Zero-Inflated Model
zero_(Intercept) |  |  |  |  | 0.45 | 0.054
zero_kid5 |  |  |  |  | 1.12 | 0.531
zero_phd |  |  |  |  | 1.02 | 0.881
zero_ment |  |  |  |  | 0.88 | 0.002
Observations | 821 | 840 | 915
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.271 / 0.266 | 0.106 | 0.230 / 0.226

## Show or hide further columns

`tab_model()` has some argument that allow to show or hide specific columns from the output:

- `show.est` to show/hide the column with model estimates.
- `show.ci` to show/hide the column with confidence intervals.
- `show.se` to show/hide the column with standard errors.
- `show.std` to show/hide the column with standardized estimates (and their standard errors).
- `show.p` to show/hide the column with p-values.
- `show.stat` to show/hide the column with the coefficients’ test statistics.
- `show.df` for linear mixed models, when p-values are based on degrees of freedom with Kenward-Rogers approximation, these degrees of freedom are shown.

### Adding columns

In the following example, standard errors, standardized coefficients and test statistics are also shown.

    tab_model(m1, show.se = TRUE, show.std = TRUE, show.stat = TRUE)

| Total score BARTHEL INDEX
--- | ---
Predictors | Estimates | std. Error | std. Beta | standardized std. Error | CI | standardized CI | Statistic | p
(Intercept) | 87.15 | 4.68 | -0.01 | 0.08 | 77.96 – 96.34 | -0.17 – 0.16 | 18.62 | <0.001
carer’age | -0.21 | 0.07 | -0.09 | 0.03 | -0.35 – -0.07 | -0.16 – -0.03 | -2.87 | 0.004
average number of hours of care per week | -0.28 | 0.02 | -0.48 | 0.03 | -0.32 – -0.24 | -0.54 – -0.42 | -14.95 | <0.001
carer’s gender: Female | -0.39 | 2.09 | -0.01 | 0.07 | -4.49 – 3.71 | -0.15 – 0.13 | -0.19 | 0.850
carer’s level of education: intermediate level of education | 1.37 | 2.28 | 0.05 | 0.08 | -3.12 – 5.85 | -0.11 – 0.20 | 0.60 | 0.550
carer’s level of education: high level of education | -1.64 | 2.84 | -0.06 | 0.10 | -7.22 – 3.93 | -0.24 – 0.13 | -0.58 | 0.564
Observations | 821
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.271 / 0.266

### Removing columns

In the following example, default columns are removed.

    tab_model(m3, m4, show.ci = FALSE, show.p = FALSE, auto.label = FALSE)

| tot_sc_e | neg_c_7d
--- | --- | ---
Predictors | Incidence Rate Ratios | Odds Ratios
(Intercept) | 0.30 | 6.54
c160age | 1.01 |
c12hour | 1.00 |
c161sex2 | 1.01 | 1.87
c172code2 | 1.47 | 1.23
c172code3 | 1.90 | 1.37
barthtot |  | 0.97
Observations | 840 | 815
R2 Nagelkerke | 0.106 | 0.191

### Removing and sorting columns

Another way to remove columns, which also allows to reorder the columns, is the `col.order`-argument. This is a character vector, where each element indicates a column in the output. The value `"est"`, for instance, indicates the estimates, while `"std.est"` is the column for standardized estimates and so on.

By default, `col.order` contains all possible columns. All columns that should shown (see previous tables, for example using `show.se = TRUE` to show standard errors, or `show.st = TRUE` to show standardized estimates) are then printed by default. Colums that are excluded from `col.order` are not shown, no matter if the `show*`-arguments are `TRUE` or `FALSE`. So if `show.se = TRUE`, but`col.order` does not contain the element `"se"`, standard errors are not shown. On the other hand, if `show.est = FALSE`, but `col.order` does include the element `"est"`, the columns with estimates are not shown.

In summary, `col.order` can be used to exclude columns from the table and to change the order of colums.

    tab_model(
      m1, show.se = TRUE, show.std = TRUE, show.stat = TRUE,
      col.order = c("p", "stat", "est", "std.se", "se", "std.est")
    )

| Total score BARTHEL INDEX
--- | ---
Predictors | p | Statistic | Estimates | standardized std. Error | std. Error | std. Beta
(Intercept) | <0.001 | 18.62 | 87.15 | 0.08 | 4.68 | -0.01
carer’age | 0.004 | -2.87 | -0.21 | 0.03 | 0.07 | -0.09
average number of hours of care per week | <0.001 | -14.95 | -0.28 | 0.03 | 0.02 | -0.48
carer’s gender: Female | 0.850 | -0.19 | -0.39 | 0.07 | 2.09 | -0.01
carer’s level of education: intermediate level of education | 0.550 | 0.60 | 1.37 | 0.08 | 2.28 | 0.05
carer’s level of education: high level of education | 0.564 | -0.58 | -1.64 | 0.10 | 2.84 | -0.06
Observations | 821
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.271 / 0.266

### Collapsing columns

With `collapse.ci` and `collapse.se`, the columns for confidence intervals and standard errors can be collapsed into one column together with the estimates. Sometimes this table layout is required.

    tab_model(m1, collapse.ci = TRUE)

| Total score BARTHEL INDEX
--- | ---
Predictors | Estimates | p
(Intercept) | 87.15 (77.96 – 96.34) | <0.001
carer’age | -0.21 (-0.35 – -0.07) | 0.004
average number of hours of care per week | -0.28 (-0.32 – -0.24) | <0.001
carer’s gender: Female | -0.39 (-4.49 – 3.71) | 0.850
carer’s level of education: intermediate level of education | 1.37 (-3.12 – 5.85) | 0.550
carer’s level of education: high level of education | -1.64 (-7.22 – 3.93) | 0.564
Observations | 821
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.271 / 0.266

## Defining own labels

There are different options to change the labels of the column headers or coefficients, e.g. with:

- `pred.labels` to change the names of the coefficients in the Predictors column. Note that the length of `pred.labels` must exactly match the amount of predictors in the Predictor column.
- `dv.labels` to change the names of the model columns, which are labelled with the variable labels / names from the dependent variables.
- Further more, there are various `string.*`-arguments, to change the name of column headings.

    tab_model(
      m1, m2,
      pred.labels = c("Intercept", "Age (Carer)", "Hours per Week", "Gender (Carer)",
                      "Education: middle (Carer)", "Education: high (Carer)",
                      "Age (Older Person)"),
      dv.labels = c("First Model", "M2"),
      string.pred = "Coeffcient",
      string.ci = "Conf. Int (95%)",
      string.p = "P-Value"
    )

| First Model | M2
--- | --- | ---
Coeffcient | Estimates | Conf. Int (95%) | P-Value | Estimates | Conf. Int (95%) | P-Value
Intercept | 87.15 | 77.96 – 96.34 | <0.001 | 9.83 | 7.33 – 12.33 | <0.001
Age (Carer) | -0.21 | -0.35 – -0.07 | 0.004 | 0.01 | -0.01 – 0.03 | 0.359
Hours per Week | -0.28 | -0.32 – -0.24 | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.01 – 0.02 | <0.001
Gender (Carer) | -0.39 | -4.49 – 3.71 | 0.850 | 0.43 | -0.15 – 1.01 | 0.147
Education: middle (Carer) | 1.37 | -3.12 – 5.85 | 0.550 |  |  |
Education: high (Carer) | -1.64 | -7.22 – 3.93 | 0.564 |  |  |
Age (Older Person) |  |  |  | 0.01 | -0.03 – 0.04 | 0.741
Observations | 821 | 879
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.271 / 0.266 | 0.067 / 0.063

## Including reference level of categorical predictors

By default, for categorical predictors, the variable names and the categories for regression coefficients are shown in the table output.

    library(glmmTMB)
    data("Salamanders")
    model <- glm(
      count ~ spp + Wtemp + mined + cover,
      family = poisson(),
      data = Salamanders
    )

    tab_model(model)

| count
--- | ---
Predictors | Incidence Rate Ratios | CI | p
(Intercept) | 0.22 | 0.17 – 0.29 | <0.001
spp [PR] | 0.25 | 0.16 – 0.38 | <0.001
spp [DM] | 1.26 | 0.98 – 1.62 | 0.074
spp [EC-A] | 0.46 | 0.33 – 0.64 | <0.001
spp [EC-L] | 1.86 | 1.48 – 2.36 | <0.001
spp [DES-L] | 1.97 | 1.57 – 2.49 | <0.001
spp [DF] | 1.08 | 0.83 – 1.41 | 0.549
Wtemp | 1.00 | 0.93 – 1.08 | 0.977
mined [no] | 9.97 | 7.91 – 12.69 | <0.001
cover | 0.79 | 0.73 – 0.86 | <0.001
Observations | 644
R2 Nagelkerke | 0.758

You can include the reference level for categorical predictors by setting `show.reflvl = TRUE`.

    tab_model(model, show.reflvl = TRUE)

| count
--- | ---
Predictors | Incidence Rate Ratios | CI | p
(Intercept) | 0.22 | 0.17 – 0.29 | <0.001
Wtemp | 1.00 | 0.93 – 1.08 | 0.977
cover | 0.79 | 0.73 – 0.86 | <0.001
GP | Reference |  |
PR | 0.25 | 0.16 – 0.38 | <0.001
DM | 1.26 | 0.98 – 1.62 | 0.074
EC-A | 0.46 | 0.33 – 0.64 | <0.001
EC-L | 1.86 | 1.48 – 2.36 | <0.001
DES-L | 1.97 | 1.57 – 2.49 | <0.001
DF | 1.08 | 0.83 – 1.41 | 0.549
yes | Reference |  |
no | 9.97 | 7.91 – 12.69 | <0.001
Observations | 644
R2 Nagelkerke | 0.758

To show variable names, categories and include the reference level, also set `prefix.labels = "varname"`.

    tab_model(model, show.reflvl = TRUE, prefix.labels = "varname")

| count
--- | ---
Predictors | Incidence Rate Ratios | CI | p
(Intercept) | 0.22 | 0.17 – 0.29 | <0.001
Wtemp | 1.00 | 0.93 – 1.08 | 0.977
cover | 0.79 | 0.73 – 0.86 | <0.001
spp: GP | Reference |  |
spp: PR | 0.25 | 0.16 – 0.38 | <0.001
spp: DM | 1.26 | 0.98 – 1.62 | 0.074
spp: EC-A | 0.46 | 0.33 – 0.64 | <0.001
spp: EC-L | 1.86 | 1.48 – 2.36 | <0.001
spp: DES-L | 1.97 | 1.57 – 2.49 | <0.001
spp: DF | 1.08 | 0.83 – 1.41 | 0.549
mined: yes | Reference |  |
mined: no | 9.97 | 7.91 – 12.69 | <0.001
Observations | 644
R2 Nagelkerke | 0.758

## Style of p-values

You can change the style of how p-values are displayed with the argument `p.style`. With `p.style = "stars"`, the p-values are indicated as `*` in the table.

    tab_model(m1, m2, p.style = "stars")

| Total score BARTHEL INDEX | Negative impact with 7 items
--- | --- | ---
Predictors | Estimates | CI | Estimates | CI
(Intercept) | 87.15 *** | 77.96 – 96.34 | 9.83 *** | 7.33 – 12.33
carer’age | -0.21 ** | -0.35 – -0.07 | 0.01 | -0.01 – 0.03
average number of hours of care per week | -0.28 *** | -0.32 – -0.24 | 0.02 *** | 0.01 – 0.02
carer’s gender: Female | -0.39 | -4.49 – 3.71 | 0.43 | -0.15 – 1.01
carer’s level of education: intermediate level of education | 1.37 | -3.12 – 5.85 |  |
carer’s level of education: high level of education | -1.64 | -7.22 – 3.93 |  |
elder’age |  |  | 0.01 | -0.03 – 0.04
Observations | 821 | 879
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.271 / 0.266 | 0.067 / 0.063
p<0.05 ** p<0.01 *** p<0.001

Another option would be scientific notation, using `p.style = "scientific"`, which also can be combined with `digits.p`.

    tab_model(m1, m2, p.style = "scientific", digits.p = 2)

| Total score BARTHEL INDEX | Negative impact with 7 items
--- | --- | ---
Predictors | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p
(Intercept) | 87.15 | 77.96 – 96.34 | 9.33e-65 | 9.83 | 7.33 – 12.33 | 3.11e-14
carer’age | -0.21 | -0.35 – -0.07 | 4.18e-03 | 0.01 | -0.01 – 0.03 | 3.59e-01
average number of hours of care per week | -0.28 | -0.32 – -0.24 | 7.77e-45 | 0.02 | 0.01 – 0.02 | 2.69e-11
carer’s gender: Female | -0.39 | -4.49 – 3.71 | 8.50e-01 | 0.43 | -0.15 – 1.01 | 1.47e-01
carer’s level of education: intermediate level of education | 1.37 | -3.12 – 5.85 | 5.50e-01 |  |  |
carer’s level of education: high level of education | -1.64 | -7.22 – 3.93 | 5.64e-01 |  |  |
elder’age |  |  |  | 0.01 | -0.03 – 0.04 | 7.41e-01
Observations | 821 | 879
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.271 / 0.266 | 0.067 / 0.063

### Automatic matching for named vectors

Another way to easily assign labels are named vectors. In this case, it doesn’t matter if `pred.labels` has more labels than coefficients in the model(s), or in which order the labels are passed to `tab_model()`. The only requirement is that the labels’ names equal the coefficients names as they appear in the `summary()`-output.

    # example, coefficients are "c161sex2" or "c172code3"
    summary(m1)
    #>
    #> Call:
    #> lm(formula = barthtot ~ c160age + c12hour + c161sex + c172code,
    #>     data = efc)
    #>
    #> Residuals:
    #>     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max
    #> -75.144 -14.944   4.401  18.661  72.393
    #>
    #> Coefficients:
    #>             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
    #> (Intercept) 87.14994    4.68009  18.621  < 2e-16 ***
    #> c160age     -0.20716    0.07211  -2.873  0.00418 **
    #> c12hour     -0.27883    0.01865 -14.950  < 2e-16 ***
    #> c161sex2    -0.39402    2.08893  -0.189  0.85044
    #> c172code2    1.36596    2.28440   0.598  0.55004
    #> c172code3   -1.64045    2.84037  -0.578  0.56373
    #> ---
    #> Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
    #>
    #> Residual standard error: 25.35 on 815 degrees of freedom
    #>   (87 observations deleted due to missingness)
    #> Multiple R-squared:  0.2708, Adjusted R-squared:  0.2664
    #> F-statistic: 60.54 on 5 and 815 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

    pl <- c(
      `(Intercept)` = "Intercept",
      e17age = "Age (Older Person)",
      c160age = "Age (Carer)",
      c12hour = "Hours per Week",
      barthtot = "Barthel-Index",
      c161sex2 = "Gender (Carer)",
      c172code2 = "Education: middle (Carer)",
      c172code3 = "Education: high (Carer)",
      a_non_used_label = "We don't care"
    )

    tab_model(
      m1, m2, m3, m4,
      pred.labels = pl,
      dv.labels = c("Model1", "Model2", "Model3", "Model4"),
      show.ci = FALSE,
      show.p = FALSE,
      transform = NULL
    )

| Model1 | Model2 | Model3 | Model4
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Predictors | Estimates | Estimates | Log-Mean | Log-Odds
Intercept | 87.15 | 9.83 | -1.19 | 1.88
Age (Carer) | -0.21 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Hours per Week | -0.28 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
Gender (Carer) | -0.39 | 0.43 | 0.01 | 0.63
Education: middle (Carer) | 1.37 |  | 0.39 | 0.21
Education: high (Carer) | -1.64 |  | 0.64 | 0.31
Age (Older Person) |  | 0.01 |  |
Barthel-Index |  |  |  | -0.03
Observations | 821 | 879 | 840 | 815
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.271 / 0.266 | 0.067 / 0.063 | 0.106 | 0.191

## Keep or remove coefficients from the table

Using the `terms`- or `rm.terms`-argument allows us to explicitly show or remove specific coefficients from the table output.

    tab_model(m1, terms = c("c160age", "c12hour"))

| Total score BARTHEL INDEX
--- | ---
Predictors | Estimates | CI | p
carer’age | -0.21 | -0.35 – -0.07 | 0.004
average number of hours of care per week | -0.28 | -0.32 – -0.24 | <0.001
Observations | 821
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.271 / 0.266

Note that the names of terms to keep or remove should match the coefficients names. For categorical predictors, one example would be:

    tab_model(m1, rm.terms = c("c172code2", "c161sex2"))

| Total score BARTHEL INDEX
--- | ---
Predictors | Estimates | CI | p
(Intercept) | 87.15 | 77.96 – 96.34 | <0.001
carer’age | -0.21 | -0.35 – -0.07 | 0.004
average number of hours of care per week | -0.28 | -0.32 – -0.24 | <0.001
carer’s level of education: high level of education | -1.64 | -7.22 – 3.93 | 0.564
Observations | 821
R2 / R2 adjusted | 0.271 / 0.266